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Pneumorrhachis

MedGen UID:
473762
•Concept ID:
C3203727
•
Pathologic Function
Synonym: Pneumorrhachi

Definition

Presence of air or gas within the spinal canal cavity (EPIDURAL SPACE; or SUBARACHNOID SPACE). It may result from traumatic injuries, emphysema, infection and other conditions. It can also develop as a complication of various SURGICAL PROCEDURES (e.g., MYELOGRAPHY). [from MeSH]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVPneumorrhachis

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Traumatic pneumorrhachis: etiology, pathomechanism, diagnosis, and treatment.
Gelalis ID, Karageorgos A, Arnaoutoglou C, Gartzonikas D, Politis A, Georgakopoulos N, Petsanas AP, Matzaroglou C, Xenakis T
Spine J 2011 Feb;11(2):153-7. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2010.12.010. PMID: 21296300

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Spontaneous primary pneumomediastinum: is it always benign?
Alemu BN, Yeheyis ET, Tiruneh AG
J Med Case Rep 2021 Mar 25;15(1):157. doi: 10.1186/s13256-021-02701-z. PMID: 33761988Free PMC Article
Extensive Pneumorrhachis Associated with Vaping-Induced Lung Injury.
Ronald AA, Defta D, Wright J, Rothstein B
World Neurosurg 2020 Aug;140:308-311. Epub 2020 May 27 doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.05.176. PMID: 32473332
Traumatic pneumorrhachis.
Pfeifle C, Henkelmann R, von der Höh N, Jarvers JS, Spiegl U, Josten C, Heyde CE
Injury 2020 Feb;51(2):267-270. Epub 2019 Oct 25 doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2019.10.075. PMID: 31711655
Pediatric Traumatic Pneumorrhachis: Case Report.
Bilgin E, Ökten Aİ, Çavuş G, Açık V, Arslan A, Olguner SK, Gezercan Y, İştemen İ
Pediatr Neurosurg 2019;54(2):143-146. Epub 2019 Feb 7 doi: 10.1159/000496395. PMID: 30731460
Proportion and Clinical Relevance of Intraspinal Air in Patients With Pneumomediastinum.
Behr G, Mema E, Costa K, Garg A
AJR Am J Roentgenol 2018 Aug;211(2):321-326. Epub 2018 May 29 doi: 10.2214/AJR.17.19256. PMID: 29812979Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Traumatic pneumorrhachis.
Pfeifle C, Henkelmann R, von der Höh N, Jarvers JS, Spiegl U, Josten C, Heyde CE
Injury 2020 Feb;51(2):267-270. Epub 2019 Oct 25 doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2019.10.075. PMID: 31711655
Pneumorrhachis.
Kirkham J, Schiers KA
J Am Osteopath Assoc 2016 Feb;116(2):119. doi: 10.7556/jaoa.2016.027. PMID: 26830529
Pneumocephalus and pneumorrhachis after spinal surgery: case report and review of the literature.
Karavelioglu E, Eser O, Haktanir A
Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2014;54(5):405-7. Epub 2013 Dec 5 doi: 10.2176/nmc.cr2013-0118. PMID: 24305016Free PMC Article
Symptomatic pneumorrhachis.
Koktekir E, Tatarli N, Ceylan D, Koktekir BE, Akdemir G
J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg 2014 Mar;75(2):140-5. Epub 2013 Feb 20 doi: 10.1055/s-0032-1333123. PMID: 23427038
Traumatic pneumorrhachis: etiology, pathomechanism, diagnosis, and treatment.
Gelalis ID, Karageorgos A, Arnaoutoglou C, Gartzonikas D, Politis A, Georgakopoulos N, Petsanas AP, Matzaroglou C, Xenakis T
Spine J 2011 Feb;11(2):153-7. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2010.12.010. PMID: 21296300

Therapy

Extensive Pneumorrhachis Associated with Vaping-Induced Lung Injury.
Ronald AA, Defta D, Wright J, Rothstein B
World Neurosurg 2020 Aug;140:308-311. Epub 2020 May 27 doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.05.176. PMID: 32473332
Traumatic pneumorrhachis.
Pfeifle C, Henkelmann R, von der Höh N, Jarvers JS, Spiegl U, Josten C, Heyde CE
Injury 2020 Feb;51(2):267-270. Epub 2019 Oct 25 doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2019.10.075. PMID: 31711655
Concurrent Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum and Pneumorrhachis.
Heckman AJ, Mohseni M, Villanueva A, Cowart JB, Graham CG
J Emerg Med 2018 Jun;54(6):e117-e120. Epub 2018 Apr 21 doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2018.02.036. PMID: 29685465
Pneumocephalus and pneumorrhachis after spinal surgery: case report and review of the literature.
Karavelioglu E, Eser O, Haktanir A
Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2014;54(5):405-7. Epub 2013 Dec 5 doi: 10.2176/nmc.cr2013-0118. PMID: 24305016Free PMC Article
Symptomatic pneumorrhachis.
Koktekir E, Tatarli N, Ceylan D, Koktekir BE, Akdemir G
J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg 2014 Mar;75(2):140-5. Epub 2013 Feb 20 doi: 10.1055/s-0032-1333123. PMID: 23427038

Prognosis

Emphysematous cystitis, iliopsoas abscess, and pneumorrhachis in an elderly woman: a case report.
Stein M, Min A, Mohammed B, Mathur S, Ailon J
J Med Case Rep 2023 Apr 10;17(1):150. doi: 10.1186/s13256-023-03856-7. PMID: 37032335Free PMC Article
Delayed Iatrogenic Intracranial Hypotension After Thoracotomy.
Federspiel CK, Kelsen J, Fugleholm K
Ann Thorac Surg 2020 Jul;110(1):e35-e37. Epub 2020 Jan 3 doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2019.11.020. PMID: 31904369
Traumatic pneumorrhachis.
Pfeifle C, Henkelmann R, von der Höh N, Jarvers JS, Spiegl U, Josten C, Heyde CE
Injury 2020 Feb;51(2):267-270. Epub 2019 Oct 25 doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2019.10.075. PMID: 31711655
Symptomatic pneumorrhachis.
Koktekir E, Tatarli N, Ceylan D, Koktekir BE, Akdemir G
J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg 2014 Mar;75(2):140-5. Epub 2013 Feb 20 doi: 10.1055/s-0032-1333123. PMID: 23427038
Cervical pneumorrhachis.
Sinha PA, Mantle M
Clin Radiol 2000 Jul;55(7):569-70. doi: 10.1053/crad.1999.0099. PMID: 10924383

Clinical prediction guides

Pneumorrhachis with spontaneous pneumomediastinum in pediatric patients: An 11-year retrospective study in Southern Taiwan.
Chang YT, Kao CN, Huang YL, Chiang HH, Lee JY, Li HP, Chang PC, Chou SH, Liu YW
Pediatr Neonatol 2023 Nov;64(6):667-673. Epub 2023 May 24 doi: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2023.03.008. PMID: 37301660
Pediatric Traumatic Pneumorrhachis: Case Report.
Bilgin E, Ökten Aİ, Çavuş G, Açık V, Arslan A, Olguner SK, Gezercan Y, İştemen İ
Pediatr Neurosurg 2019;54(2):143-146. Epub 2019 Feb 7 doi: 10.1159/000496395. PMID: 30731460
Proportion and Clinical Relevance of Intraspinal Air in Patients With Pneumomediastinum.
Behr G, Mema E, Costa K, Garg A
AJR Am J Roentgenol 2018 Aug;211(2):321-326. Epub 2018 May 29 doi: 10.2214/AJR.17.19256. PMID: 29812979Free PMC Article
Concurrent Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum and Pneumorrhachis.
Heckman AJ, Mohseni M, Villanueva A, Cowart JB, Graham CG
J Emerg Med 2018 Jun;54(6):e117-e120. Epub 2018 Apr 21 doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2018.02.036. PMID: 29685465
Traumatic pneumorrhachis: 2 cases and review of the literature.
Kara H, Akinci M, Degirmenci S, Bayir A, Ak A
Am J Emerg Med 2015 Jun;33(6):861.e1-3. Epub 2014 Dec 26 doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2014.12.040. PMID: 25595271

Recent systematic reviews

Spontaneous primary pneumomediastinum: is it always benign?
Alemu BN, Yeheyis ET, Tiruneh AG
J Med Case Rep 2021 Mar 25;15(1):157. doi: 10.1186/s13256-021-02701-z. PMID: 33761988Free PMC Article
Traumatic pneumorrhachis: systematic review and an illustrative case.
Osunronbi T, Sofela A, Sharma H, Muquit S
Neurosurg Rev 2021 Apr;44(2):731-739. Epub 2020 Apr 19 doi: 10.1007/s10143-020-01300-8. PMID: 32307638
Proposed characterization of the syndrome of epidural pneumatosis (pneumorrhachis) in patients with forceful vomiting from diabetic ketoacidosis as a clinico-radiologic pentad based on systematic literature review & an illustrative case report.
Gill I, Edhi AI, Cappell MS
Medicine (Baltimore) 2020 Aug 28;99(35):e21001. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000021001. PMID: 32871860Free PMC Article
Spontaneous pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema as a complication of asthma in children: case report and literature review.
Tortajada-Girbés M, Moreno-Prat M, Ainsa-Laguna D, Mas S
Ther Adv Respir Dis 2016 Oct;10(5):402-9. Epub 2016 Sep 1 doi: 10.1177/1753465816657478. PMID: 27585598Free PMC Article
Traumatic pneumorrhachis: etiology, pathomechanism, diagnosis, and treatment.
Gelalis ID, Karageorgos A, Arnaoutoglou C, Gartzonikas D, Politis A, Georgakopoulos N, Petsanas AP, Matzaroglou C, Xenakis T
Spine J 2011 Feb;11(2):153-7. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2010.12.010. PMID: 21296300

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