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Hemorrhoid

MedGen UID:
5507
•Concept ID:
C0019112
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonym: Hemorrhoids
SNOMED CT: Hemorrhoids (70153002); Piles (70153002); Hemorrhoid (70153002); Piles - hemorrhoids (70153002)
 
HPO: HP:0032551
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0004872

Definition

Enlarged, bulging blood vessels in and around the anus often associated with rectal bleeding, itching, and pain. [from HPO]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Hemorrhoid treatment with injection of n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate substance and its results: A single-center retrospective study.
Allahverdi TD
Asian J Surg 2022 May;45(5):1128-1129. Epub 2022 Feb 21 doi: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2021.09.047. PMID: 35197216
Clinical study of Huaiqin ointment in the treatment of anal edema after hemorrhoid operation.
Zhao J, Dou L, Fan R, Fang L, Li S, Peng J
Minerva Surg 2022 Oct;77(5):504-506. Epub 2021 Nov 17 doi: 10.23736/S2724-5691.21.09211-X. PMID: 34790930
Traditional and modern aspects of hemorrhoid treatment in Iran: a review.
Dehdari S, Hajimehdipoor H, Esmaeili S, Choopani R, Mortazavi SA
J Integr Med 2018 Mar;16(2):90-98. Epub 2018 Jan 31 doi: 10.1016/j.joim.2018.01.002. PMID: 29526242

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Colorectal Cancer Risk in Patients with Hemorrhoids: A 10-Year Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study.
Wu EB, Sung FC, Lin CL, Wu KL, Chen KB
Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021 Aug 16;18(16) doi: 10.3390/ijerph18168655. PMID: 34444406Free PMC Article
Postoperative Complications in Hemorrhoidal Disease and Special Conditions.
Romaguera VP, Sancho-Muriel J, Alvarez-Sarrdo E, Millan M, Garcia-Granero A, Frasson M
Rev Recent Clin Trials 2021;16(1):67-74. doi: 10.2174/1574887115666200406114218. PMID: 32250228
Micronized Purified Flavonoid Fraction in Hemorrhoid Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Sheikh P, Lohsiriwat V, Shelygin Y
Adv Ther 2020 Jun;37(6):2792-2812. Epub 2020 May 12 doi: 10.1007/s12325-020-01353-7. PMID: 32399811Free PMC Article
Preoperative bleeding requiring transfusion: An under-reported indication for hemorrhoidectomy.
Krebs ED, Zhang AY, Hassinger TE, Suraju MO, Berry PS, Hoang SC, Hedrick TL, Friel CM
Am J Surg 2020 Aug;220(2):428-431. Epub 2019 Dec 6 doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2019.12.009. PMID: 31932077
Treatment of hemorrhoids: A coloproctologist's view.
Lohsiriwat V
World J Gastroenterol 2015 Aug 21;21(31):9245-52. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i31.9245. PMID: 26309351Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Anorectal Emergencies.
Drezdzon MK, Peterson CY
Surg Clin North Am 2023 Dec;103(6):1153-1170. Epub 2023 Jul 21 doi: 10.1016/j.suc.2023.05.014. PMID: 37838461
Colorectal Cancer Risk in Patients with Hemorrhoids: A 10-Year Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study.
Wu EB, Sung FC, Lin CL, Wu KL, Chen KB
Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021 Aug 16;18(16) doi: 10.3390/ijerph18168655. PMID: 34444406Free PMC Article
Anorectal emergencies.
Lohsiriwat V
World J Gastroenterol 2016 Jul 14;22(26):5867-78. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i26.5867. PMID: 27468181Free PMC Article
Treatment of hemorrhoids: A coloproctologist's view.
Lohsiriwat V
World J Gastroenterol 2015 Aug 21;21(31):9245-52. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i31.9245. PMID: 26309351Free PMC Article
Hemorrhoids.
Sardinha TC, Corman ML
Surg Clin North Am 2002 Dec;82(6):1153-67, vi. doi: 10.1016/s0039-6109(02)00082-8. PMID: 12516845

Therapy

Perianal ulcers and erosions after using an anti-hemorrhoid ointment.
Gimeno Castillo J, Menéndez Parrón A, Escribano de la Torre RM, Barrutia Etxebarria A, García Río I
Med Clin (Barc) 2023 Mar 24;160(6):282. Epub 2022 Dec 5 doi: 10.1016/j.medcli.2022.10.009. PMID: 36481117
Postoperative Complications in Hemorrhoidal Disease and Special Conditions.
Romaguera VP, Sancho-Muriel J, Alvarez-Sarrdo E, Millan M, Garcia-Granero A, Frasson M
Rev Recent Clin Trials 2021;16(1):67-74. doi: 10.2174/1574887115666200406114218. PMID: 32250228
Micronized Purified Flavonoid Fraction in Hemorrhoid Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Sheikh P, Lohsiriwat V, Shelygin Y
Adv Ther 2020 Jun;37(6):2792-2812. Epub 2020 May 12 doi: 10.1007/s12325-020-01353-7. PMID: 32399811Free PMC Article
Treatment of hemorrhoids: A coloproctologist's view.
Lohsiriwat V
World J Gastroenterol 2015 Aug 21;21(31):9245-52. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i31.9245. PMID: 26309351Free PMC Article
Hemorrhoidectomy - making sense of the surgical options.
Yeo D, Tan KY
World J Gastroenterol 2014 Dec 7;20(45):16976-83. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i45.16976. PMID: 25493010Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Anorectal Melanoma-Brownish Black Mass Not Always a Hemorrhoid.
Nigam JS, Nishit, Kumar T, Singh A, Tewari P, Pandey JK
J Gastrointest Cancer 2022 Sep;53(3):825-829. Epub 2021 Aug 4 doi: 10.1007/s12029-021-00678-y. PMID: 34347246
Hemorrhoid laser procedure (HeLP) for second- and third-degree hemorrhoids: results from a long-term follow-up analysis.
Crea N, Pata G, Lippa M, Tamburini AM, Berjaoui AH
Lasers Med Sci 2022 Feb;37(1):309-315. Epub 2021 Jan 13 doi: 10.1007/s10103-021-03249-6. PMID: 33439376
Colorectal Cancer Risk in Patients with Hemorrhoids: A 10-Year Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study.
Wu EB, Sung FC, Lin CL, Wu KL, Chen KB
Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021 Aug 16;18(16) doi: 10.3390/ijerph18168655. PMID: 34444406Free PMC Article
Pycnogenol® in postpartum symptomatic hemorrhoids.
Belcaro G, Gizzi G, Pellegrini L, Dugall M, Luzzi R, Corsi M, Ippolito E, Ricci A, Cesarone MR, Ledda A, Bottari A, Errichi BM
Minerva Ginecol 2014 Feb;66(1):77-84. PMID: 24569406
Stapled hemorrhoidopexy is associated with a higher long-term recurrence rate of internal hemorrhoids compared with conventional excisional hemorrhoid surgery.
Jayaraman S, Colquhoun PH, Malthaner RA
Dis Colon Rectum 2007 Sep;50(9):1297-305. doi: 10.1007/s10350-007-0308-4. PMID: 17665254

Clinical prediction guides

Gastrointestinal bezoars: Review of the literature and report of a rare case of pumpkin seed rectal impaction.
Gentile M, Illario M, De Luca V, Cestaro G, Velotti N, Sivero S, Musella M
Asian J Surg 2023 Sep;46(9):3432-3436. Epub 2023 May 22 doi: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2023.05.030. PMID: 37225563
Hemorrhoid laser procedure (HeLP) for second- and third-degree hemorrhoids: results from a long-term follow-up analysis.
Crea N, Pata G, Lippa M, Tamburini AM, Berjaoui AH
Lasers Med Sci 2022 Feb;37(1):309-315. Epub 2021 Jan 13 doi: 10.1007/s10103-021-03249-6. PMID: 33439376
Colorectal Cancer Risk in Patients with Hemorrhoids: A 10-Year Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study.
Wu EB, Sung FC, Lin CL, Wu KL, Chen KB
Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021 Aug 16;18(16) doi: 10.3390/ijerph18168655. PMID: 34444406Free PMC Article
Incidental Melanocytic Nevi in Hemorrhoidectomy Specimens.
Val-Bernal JF, Mayorga M, Val D
Am J Dermatopathol 2016 Apr;38(4):278-82. doi: 10.1097/DAD.0000000000000419. PMID: 26332535
Pycnogenol® in postpartum symptomatic hemorrhoids.
Belcaro G, Gizzi G, Pellegrini L, Dugall M, Luzzi R, Corsi M, Ippolito E, Ricci A, Cesarone MR, Ledda A, Bottari A, Errichi BM
Minerva Ginecol 2014 Feb;66(1):77-84. PMID: 24569406

Recent systematic reviews

Hemorrhoid laser dearterialization: systematic review and meta-analysis.
De Nardi P, Maggi G, Pagnanelli M, Vlasakov I, Corbetta D
Lasers Med Sci 2023 Jan 25;38(1):54. doi: 10.1007/s10103-022-03703-z. PMID: 36695928
Efficacy and safety of micronized purified flavonoid fractions for the treatment of postoperative hemorrhoid complications: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Fu H, Guo W, Zhou B, Liu Y, Gao Y, Li M
Phytomedicine 2022 Sep;104:154244. Epub 2022 Jun 17 doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154244. PMID: 35752073
The association between varicocele and other vascular diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Chen D, Luo Q, Fan W, Chen C, Liu G
Phlebology 2022 May;37(4):233-240. Epub 2022 Feb 24 doi: 10.1177/02683555211069247. PMID: 35199618
Pudendal Nerve Block in Hemorrhoid Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Mongelli F, Treglia G, La Regina D, Di Giuseppe M, Galafassi J, Majno-Hurst PE, Christoforidis D
Dis Colon Rectum 2021 May;64(5):617-631. doi: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000001985. PMID: 33591044
Micronized Purified Flavonoid Fraction in Hemorrhoid Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Sheikh P, Lohsiriwat V, Shelygin Y
Adv Ther 2020 Jun;37(6):2792-2812. Epub 2020 May 12 doi: 10.1007/s12325-020-01353-7. PMID: 32399811Free PMC Article

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