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Borderline leprosy

MedGen UID:
7305
•Concept ID:
C0023346
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Borderline Leprosies; Borderline Leprosy; Dimorphous Leprosies; Dimorphous Leprosy; Leprosies, Borderline; Leprosies, Dimorphous; Leprosy, Borderline; Leprosy, Dimorphous
SNOMED CT: Borderline leprosy (400008009); Group B leprosy (400008009)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0005125

Definition

A form of leprosy in which there are clinical manifestations of both principal types (lepromatous and tuberculoid). The disease may shift toward one of these two polar or principal forms. [from MONDO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVBorderline leprosy

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Epidemiology of leprosy and response to treatment in Hong Kong.
Ho CK, Lo KK
Hong Kong Med J 2006 Jun;12(3):174-9. PMID: 16760543
Treatment of ulnar and median nerve function loss in borderline leprosy.
Touw-Langendijk EM, Brandsma JW, Andersen JG
Lepr Rev 1984 Mar;55(1):41-46. doi: 10.5935/0305-7518.19840005. PMID: 6323897
Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using arabinomannan from Mycobacterium smegmatis: a potentially useful screening test for the diagnosis of incubating leprosy.
Miller RA, Dissanayake S, Buchanan TM
Am J Trop Med Hyg 1983 May;32(3):555-64. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.1983.32.555. PMID: 6859401

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

A-waves are associated with neuropathic pain in leprosy.
Garbino JA, Kirchner DR, França MC Jr
Muscle Nerve 2023 Feb;67(2):165-168. Epub 2022 Dec 7 doi: 10.1002/mus.27759. PMID: 36420641
Spatial clustering and local risk of leprosy in São Paulo, Brazil.
Ramos AC, Yamamura M, Arroyo LH, Popolin MP, Chiaravalloti Neto F, Palha PF, Uchoa SA, Pieri FM, Pinto IC, Fiorati RC, de Queiroz AAR, Belchior AS, Dos Santos DT, Garcia MC, Crispim JA, Alves LS, Berra TZ, Arcêncio RA
PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017 Feb;11(2):e0005381. Epub 2017 Feb 27 doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005381. PMID: 28241038Free PMC Article
Histopathology of the lepromatous skin biopsy.
Massone C, Belachew WA, Schettini A
Clin Dermatol 2015 Jan-Feb;33(1):38-45. doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2014.10.003. PMID: 25432809
Clinical aspects of leprosy.
Talhari C, Talhari S, Penna GO
Clin Dermatol 2015 Jan-Feb;33(1):26-37. doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2014.07.002. PMID: 25432808
Leprosy. Recognition and treatment.
Ramos-e-Silva M, Rebello PF
Am J Clin Dermatol 2001;2(4):203-11. doi: 10.2165/00128071-200102040-00001. PMID: 11705247

Diagnosis

Leprosy Caused by Mycobacterium lepromatosis.
Romero-Navarrete M, Arenas R, Han XY, Vega-Memije ME, Castillo-Solana AD
Am J Clin Pathol 2022 Dec 1;158(6):678-686. doi: 10.1093/ajcp/aqac110. PMID: 36200553
Dermatoscopy of Granulomatous Disorders.
Errichetti E, Stinco G
Dermatol Clin 2018 Oct;36(4):369-375. Epub 2018 Aug 2 doi: 10.1016/j.det.2018.05.004. PMID: 30201146
Dermoscopy of borderline tuberculoid leprosy.
Ankad BS, Sakhare PS
Int J Dermatol 2018 Jan;57(1):74-76. Epub 2017 Aug 22 doi: 10.1111/ijd.13731. PMID: 28833001
Histopathology of the lepromatous skin biopsy.
Massone C, Belachew WA, Schettini A
Clin Dermatol 2015 Jan-Feb;33(1):38-45. doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2014.10.003. PMID: 25432809
Leprosy. Recognition and treatment.
Ramos-e-Silva M, Rebello PF
Am J Clin Dermatol 2001;2(4):203-11. doi: 10.2165/00128071-200102040-00001. PMID: 11705247

Therapy

Type 2 leprosy reaction resembling Sweet syndrome: Review of new and published cases.
Chavez-Alvarez S, Herz-Ruelas M, Ocampo-Candiani J, Gomez-Flores M
Australas J Dermatol 2020 May;61(2):e234-e237. Epub 2020 Jan 27 doi: 10.1111/ajd.13224. PMID: 31984474
Leprosy - an overview of clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment.
Fischer M
J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2017 Aug;15(8):801-827. doi: 10.1111/ddg.13301. PMID: 28763601
Clinical aspects of leprosy.
Talhari C, Talhari S, Penna GO
Clin Dermatol 2015 Jan-Feb;33(1):26-37. doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2014.07.002. PMID: 25432808
Leprosy. Recognition and treatment.
Ramos-e-Silva M, Rebello PF
Am J Clin Dermatol 2001;2(4):203-11. doi: 10.2165/00128071-200102040-00001. PMID: 11705247
Dapsone syndrome.
Hiran S, Pande TK, Rizvi SA, Vishwanathan KA
J Assoc Physicians India 1994 Jun;42(6):497. PMID: 7852239

Prognosis

Leprosy - an overview of clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment.
Fischer M
J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2017 Aug;15(8):801-827. doi: 10.1111/ddg.13301. PMID: 28763601
Borderline Lepromatous Leprosy: Cutaneous Manifestation and Type 1 Reversal Reaction.
Hattori M, Motegi S, Amano H, Ishii N, Ishikawa O
Acta Derm Venereol 2016 Mar;96(3):422-3. doi: 10.2340/00015555-2251. PMID: 26439279
Clinical aspects of leprosy.
Talhari C, Talhari S, Penna GO
Clin Dermatol 2015 Jan-Feb;33(1):26-37. doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2014.07.002. PMID: 25432808
Erythema nodosum leprosum: reactional leprosy.
Cuevas J, Rodríguez-Peralto JL, Carrillo R, Contreras F
Semin Cutan Med Surg 2007 Jun;26(2):126-30. doi: 10.1016/j.sder.2007.02.010. PMID: 17544965
Nerve in reversal reaction.
Job CK
Indian J Lepr 1996 Jan-Mar;68(1):43-7. PMID: 8727113

Clinical prediction guides

Genomic characterization of Mycobacterium lepromatosis from ENL patients from India.
Singh I, Pathak VK, Lavania M, Ahuja M, Sharma R, Narang T, Jain S, Turankar RP, Dogra S, Sengupta U
Infect Genet Evol 2023 Dec;116:105537. Epub 2023 Dec 4 doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105537. PMID: 38056703
Childhood borderline lepromatous leprosy: a case report.
Hutahaean GD, Susanto M, Napitupulu T, Pangihutan-Siahaan AM, Wirjomartani BA
Turk J Pediatr 2023;65(5):862-867. doi: 10.24953/turkjped.2023.138. PMID: 37853977
Dermoscopy of borderline tuberculoid leprosy.
Ankad BS, Sakhare PS
Int J Dermatol 2018 Jan;57(1):74-76. Epub 2017 Aug 22 doi: 10.1111/ijd.13731. PMID: 28833001
Spatial clustering and local risk of leprosy in São Paulo, Brazil.
Ramos AC, Yamamura M, Arroyo LH, Popolin MP, Chiaravalloti Neto F, Palha PF, Uchoa SA, Pieri FM, Pinto IC, Fiorati RC, de Queiroz AAR, Belchior AS, Dos Santos DT, Garcia MC, Crispim JA, Alves LS, Berra TZ, Arcêncio RA
PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017 Feb;11(2):e0005381. Epub 2017 Feb 27 doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005381. PMID: 28241038Free PMC Article
Does concomitant hiv infection has any epidemiological, clinical, immunopathological and therapeutic relevance in leprosy?
Kar HK, Sharma P
Indian J Lepr 2007 Jan-Mar;79(1):45-60. PMID: 17578267

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