U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus(LSA)

MedGen UID:
7338
•Concept ID:
C0023652
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Lichen sclerosis; Lichen sclerosis et atrophicus; Lichen sclerosus; LSA
SNOMED CT: Lichen sclerosus (895217008); Lichen sclerosus (895454001)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0007899
OMIM®: 151590
Orphanet: ORPHA33409

Definition

A chronic inflammatory process affecting the skin. It is characterized by the presence of white, indurated plaques, epidermal atrophy, and fibrosis of the upper dermis. It usually appears in the vulva and penis. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVLichen sclerosus et atrophicus

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Conservative Management of Penile and Urethral Lichen Sclerosus: A Systematic Review.
Shieh C, Hakam N, Pearce RJ, Nagpal M, Ghaffar U, Guzman JL, Abbasi B, Shaw NM, Jones CP, Breyer BN
J Urol 2024 Mar;211(3):354-363. Epub 2023 Dec 11 doi: 10.1097/JU.0000000000003804. PMID: 38079459
Diagnosis and management of morphea and lichen sclerosus and atrophicus in children.
Pope E, Laxer RM
Pediatr Clin North Am 2014 Apr;61(2):309-19. Epub 2013 Dec 27 doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2013.11.006. PMID: 24636648
Update on the classification and treatment of localized scleroderma.
Bielsa Marsol I
Actas Dermosifiliogr 2013 Oct;104(8):654-66. Epub 2013 Aug 13 doi: 10.1016/j.adengl.2012.10.012. PMID: 23948159

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Eosinophils in Traditionally Noneosinophil-Rich Dermatoses.
Sanchez I, Ibraheim MK, Lee BA, Kraus CN, Elsensohn A
Am J Dermatopathol 2023 Dec 1;45(12):820-821. doi: 10.1097/DAD.0000000000002550. PMID: 37883982
Pediatric vulvar lichen sclerosus: Does it resolve or does it persist after menarche?
Boero V, Cavalli R, Caia C, Berrettini A, Cetera GE, Monti E, Barbara G, Albertini GC, Restelli E, Libutti G, Motta T, Lazzari C, Vercellini P
Pediatr Dermatol 2023 May-Jun;40(3):472-475. Epub 2023 Mar 30 doi: 10.1111/pde.15308. PMID: 36998082
Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: Classification, epidemiology, diagnosis, and management.
Lebreton M, Carton I, Brousse S, Lavoué V, Body G, Levêque J, Nyangoh-Timoh K
J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2020 Nov;49(9):101801. Epub 2020 May 14 doi: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2020.101801. PMID: 32417455
Lichen Sclerosus-Presentation, Diagnosis and Management.
Kirtschig G
Dtsch Arztebl Int 2016 May 13;113(19):337-43. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2016.0337. PMID: 27232363Free PMC Article
Lichen sclerosus.
Murphy R
Dermatol Clin 2010 Oct;28(4):707-15. doi: 10.1016/j.det.2010.07.006. PMID: 20883914

Diagnosis

Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus.
Kraus CN
JAMA Dermatol 2022 Sep 1;158(9):1088. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2022.0359. PMID: 35793083
Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: Classification, epidemiology, diagnosis, and management.
Lebreton M, Carton I, Brousse S, Lavoué V, Body G, Levêque J, Nyangoh-Timoh K
J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2020 Nov;49(9):101801. Epub 2020 May 14 doi: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2020.101801. PMID: 32417455
Morfea: revisión práctica de su diagnóstico, clasificación y tratamiento.
Rodríguez-Salgado P, García-Romero MT
Gac Med Mex 2019;155(5):522-531. doi: 10.24875/GMM.18004288. PMID: 31695234
British Association of Dermatologists guidelines for the management of lichen sclerosus, 2018.
Lewis FM, Tatnall FM, Velangi SS, Bunker CB, Kumar A, Brackenbury F, Mohd Mustapa MF, Exton LS
Br J Dermatol 2018 Apr;178(4):839-853. doi: 10.1111/bjd.16241. PMID: 29313888
Lichen sclerosus.
Noonan V, Woo SB, Kabani S
J Mass Dent Soc 2014 Fall;63(3):51. PMID: 25509505

Therapy

British Association of Dermatologists guidelines for the management of lichen sclerosus, 2018.
Lewis FM, Tatnall FM, Velangi SS, Bunker CB, Kumar A, Brackenbury F, Mohd Mustapa MF, Exton LS
Br J Dermatol 2018 Apr;178(4):839-853. doi: 10.1111/bjd.16241. PMID: 29313888
Editorial.
Goldberg DJ Md Jd
J Cosmet Laser Ther 2017 Apr;19(2):75. doi: 10.1080/14764172.2017.1293967. PMID: 28300499
Lichen Sclerosus-Presentation, Diagnosis and Management.
Kirtschig G
Dtsch Arztebl Int 2016 May 13;113(19):337-43. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2016.0337. PMID: 27232363Free PMC Article
Pruritus ani.
Siddiqi S, Vijay V, Ward M, Mahendran R, Warren S
Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2008 Sep;90(6):457-63. doi: 10.1308/003588408X317940. PMID: 18765023Free PMC Article
The dysfunctional foreskin.
Porter WM, Bunker CB
Int J STD AIDS 2001 Apr;12(4):216-20. doi: 10.1258/0956462011922922. PMID: 11319970

Prognosis

Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: Classification, epidemiology, diagnosis, and management.
Lebreton M, Carton I, Brousse S, Lavoué V, Body G, Levêque J, Nyangoh-Timoh K
J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2020 Nov;49(9):101801. Epub 2020 May 14 doi: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2020.101801. PMID: 32417455
Lichen Sclerosus-Presentation, Diagnosis and Management.
Kirtschig G
Dtsch Arztebl Int 2016 May 13;113(19):337-43. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2016.0337. PMID: 27232363Free PMC Article
Lichen sclerosus.
Murphy R
Dermatol Clin 2010 Oct;28(4):707-15. doi: 10.1016/j.det.2010.07.006. PMID: 20883914
Lichenoid eruptions in children.
Tilly JJ, Drolet BA, Esterly NB
J Am Acad Dermatol 2004 Oct;51(4):606-24. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2003.12.012. PMID: 15389198
Lichen sclerosus in childhood.
Fischer GO
Australas J Dermatol 1995 Aug;36(3):166-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-0960.1995.tb00962.x. PMID: 7487746

Clinical prediction guides

Extragenital lichen sclerosus: A comprehensive review.
Arif T, Fatima R, Sami M
Australas J Dermatol 2022 Nov;63(4):452-462. Epub 2022 Aug 11 doi: 10.1111/ajd.13890. PMID: 35950883
Ink test: A useful technique to enhance extragenital lichen sclerosus diagnosis.
Ramos-Rodríguez D, Arteaga-Henríquez M, Lukoviek V, Markthaler M
Pediatr Dermatol 2022 Jul;39(4):648-649. Epub 2022 Mar 4 doi: 10.1111/pde.14960. PMID: 35244292
Elastophagocytosis in extragenital lichen sclerosus.
Abbas O, Chatrath V, Goldberg LJ
J Cutan Pathol 2010 Oct;37(10):1032-7. Epub 2010 Jun 28 doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0560.2010.01575.x. PMID: 20602660
Immune dysregulation in lichen sclerosus.
Regauer S
Eur J Cell Biol 2005 Mar;84(2-3):273-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2004.12.003. PMID: 15819407
Post-stripping sclerodermiform dermatitis.
French LE, Braun R, Masouyé I, Ramelet AA, Humbert PG, Saurat JH
Arch Dermatol 1999 Nov;135(11):1387-91. doi: 10.1001/archderm.135.11.1387. PMID: 10566839

Recent systematic reviews

Conservative Management of Penile and Urethral Lichen Sclerosus: A Systematic Review.
Shieh C, Hakam N, Pearce RJ, Nagpal M, Ghaffar U, Guzman JL, Abbasi B, Shaw NM, Jones CP, Breyer BN
J Urol 2024 Mar;211(3):354-363. Epub 2023 Dec 11 doi: 10.1097/JU.0000000000003804. PMID: 38079459
Eosinophils in Traditionally Noneosinophil-Rich Dermatoses.
Sanchez I, Ibraheim MK, Lee BA, Kraus CN, Elsensohn A
Am J Dermatopathol 2023 Dec 1;45(12):820-821. doi: 10.1097/DAD.0000000000002550. PMID: 37883982
A systematic review of laser therapy for vulvar skin conditions.
Kim K, Desai M, Elsensohn A, Kraus CN
J Am Acad Dermatol 2023 May;88(5):1200-1201. Epub 2023 Jan 11 doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.01.003. PMID: 36639033
Lichen Sclerosus and Sexual Dysfunction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Pope R, Lee MH, Myers A, Song J, Abou Ghayda R, Kim JY, Hong SH, Lee SB, Koyanagi A, Jacob L, Smith L, Shin JI
J Sex Med 2022 Nov;19(11):1616-1624. Epub 2022 Sep 15 doi: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2022.07.011. PMID: 36115787
Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Lichen Sclerosus: A Systematic Review.
Fergus KB, Lee AW, Baradaran N, Cohen AJ, Stohr BA, Erickson BA, Mmonu NA, Breyer BN
Urology 2020 Jan;135:11-19. Epub 2019 Oct 9 doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2019.09.034. PMID: 31605681

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Clinical resources

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.
    • Bookshelf
      See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Reviews

    Related information

    • MeSH
      Related Medical Subject Headings
    • OMIM
      Related records in OMIM
    • PMC Articles
      Related information in PubMed Central Links
    • PubMed
      Related literature resources in PubMed
    • PubMed (OMIM)
      Related literature resources in PubMed

    Recent activity

    Clear Turn Off Turn On

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...