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Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus(LSA)

MedGen UID:
7338
•Concept ID:
C0023652
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Lichen sclerosis; Lichen sclerosis et atrophicus; Lichen sclerosus; LSA
SNOMED CT: Lichen sclerosus (895217008); Lichen sclerosus (895454001)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0007899
OMIM®: 151590
Orphanet: ORPHA33409

Definition

A chronic inflammatory process affecting the skin. It is characterized by the presence of white, indurated plaques, epidermal atrophy, and fibrosis of the upper dermis. It usually appears in the vulva and penis. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVLichen sclerosus et atrophicus

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Morphea: a practical review of its diagnosis, classification and treatment.
Rodríguez-Salgado P, García-Romero MT
Gac Med Mex 2019;155(5):483-491. doi: 10.24875/GMM.M20000336. PMID: 32091025
Diagnosis and management of morphea and lichen sclerosus and atrophicus in children.
Pope E, Laxer RM
Pediatr Clin North Am 2014 Apr;61(2):309-19. Epub 2013 Dec 27 doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2013.11.006. PMID: 24636648
Update on the classification and treatment of localized scleroderma.
Bielsa Marsol I
Actas Dermosifiliogr 2013 Oct;104(8):654-66. Epub 2013 Aug 13 doi: 10.1016/j.adengl.2012.10.012. PMID: 23948159

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: Classification, epidemiology, diagnosis, and management.
Lebreton M, Carton I, Brousse S, Lavoué V, Body G, Levêque J, Nyangoh-Timoh K
J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2020 Nov;49(9):101801. Epub 2020 May 14 doi: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2020.101801. PMID: 32417455
Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Lichen Sclerosus: A Systematic Review.
Fergus KB, Lee AW, Baradaran N, Cohen AJ, Stohr BA, Erickson BA, Mmonu NA, Breyer BN
Urology 2020 Jan;135:11-19. Epub 2019 Oct 9 doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2019.09.034. PMID: 31605681
Lichen planus and lichenoid dermatoses: Clinical overview and molecular basis.
Tziotzios C, Lee JYW, Brier T, Saito R, Hsu CK, Bhargava K, Stefanato CM, Fenton DA, McGrath JA
J Am Acad Dermatol 2018 Nov;79(5):789-804. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2018.02.010. PMID: 30318136
Lichen Sclerosus-Presentation, Diagnosis and Management.
Kirtschig G
Dtsch Arztebl Int 2016 May 13;113(19):337-43. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2016.0337. PMID: 27232363Free PMC Article
Diagnosis and treatment of lichen sclerosus: an update.
Fistarol SK, Itin PH
Am J Clin Dermatol 2013 Feb;14(1):27-47. doi: 10.1007/s40257-012-0006-4. PMID: 23329078Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Extragenital lichen sclerosus: A comprehensive review.
Arif T, Fatima R, Sami M
Australas J Dermatol 2022 Nov;63(4):452-462. Epub 2022 Aug 11 doi: 10.1111/ajd.13890. PMID: 35950883
Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: Classification, epidemiology, diagnosis, and management.
Lebreton M, Carton I, Brousse S, Lavoué V, Body G, Levêque J, Nyangoh-Timoh K
J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2020 Nov;49(9):101801. Epub 2020 May 14 doi: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2020.101801. PMID: 32417455
Morfea: revisión práctica de su diagnóstico, clasificación y tratamiento.
Rodríguez-Salgado P, García-Romero MT
Gac Med Mex 2019;155(5):522-531. doi: 10.24875/GMM.18004288. PMID: 31695234
Lichen Sclerosus-Presentation, Diagnosis and Management.
Kirtschig G
Dtsch Arztebl Int 2016 May 13;113(19):337-43. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2016.0337. PMID: 27232363Free PMC Article
Diagnosis and treatment of lichen sclerosus: an update.
Fistarol SK, Itin PH
Am J Clin Dermatol 2013 Feb;14(1):27-47. doi: 10.1007/s40257-012-0006-4. PMID: 23329078Free PMC Article

Therapy

The evidence behind the use of LASER for genitourinary syndrome of menopause, vulvovaginal atrophy, urinary incontinence and lichen sclerosus: A state-of-the-art review.
Mortensen OE, Christensen SE, Løkkegaard E
Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2022 Jun;101(6):657-692. Epub 2022 Apr 28 doi: 10.1111/aogs.14353. PMID: 35484706Free PMC Article
Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Lichen Sclerosus: A Systematic Review.
Fergus KB, Lee AW, Baradaran N, Cohen AJ, Stohr BA, Erickson BA, Mmonu NA, Breyer BN
Urology 2020 Jan;135:11-19. Epub 2019 Oct 9 doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2019.09.034. PMID: 31605681
Lichen Sclerosus-Presentation, Diagnosis and Management.
Kirtschig G
Dtsch Arztebl Int 2016 May 13;113(19):337-43. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2016.0337. PMID: 27232363Free PMC Article
Update on the classification and treatment of localized scleroderma.
Bielsa Marsol I
Actas Dermosifiliogr 2013 Oct;104(8):654-66. Epub 2013 Aug 13 doi: 10.1016/j.adengl.2012.10.012. PMID: 23948159
Diagnosis and treatment of lichen sclerosus: an update.
Fistarol SK, Itin PH
Am J Clin Dermatol 2013 Feb;14(1):27-47. doi: 10.1007/s40257-012-0006-4. PMID: 23329078Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: Classification, epidemiology, diagnosis, and management.
Lebreton M, Carton I, Brousse S, Lavoué V, Body G, Levêque J, Nyangoh-Timoh K
J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2020 Nov;49(9):101801. Epub 2020 May 14 doi: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2020.101801. PMID: 32417455
Lichen planus and lichenoid dermatoses: Clinical overview and molecular basis.
Tziotzios C, Lee JYW, Brier T, Saito R, Hsu CK, Bhargava K, Stefanato CM, Fenton DA, McGrath JA
J Am Acad Dermatol 2018 Nov;79(5):789-804. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2018.02.010. PMID: 30318136
Lichen Sclerosus-Presentation, Diagnosis and Management.
Kirtschig G
Dtsch Arztebl Int 2016 May 13;113(19):337-43. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2016.0337. PMID: 27232363Free PMC Article
Lichen sclerosus.
Murphy R
Dermatol Clin 2010 Oct;28(4):707-15. doi: 10.1016/j.det.2010.07.006. PMID: 20883914
Lichen sclerosus.
Yesudian PD, Sugunendran H, Bates CM, O'Mahony C
Int J STD AIDS 2005 Jul;16(7):465-73, test 474. doi: 10.1258/0956462054308440. PMID: 16004624

Clinical prediction guides

Genital and extragenital oncological risk in women with vulvar lichen sclerosus: A multi-center Italian study.
Preti M, Borella F, Ferretti S, Caldarella A, Corazza M, Micheletti L, De Magnis A, Borghi A, Salvini C, Gallio N, Pasquero G, Vieira-Baptista P, Selk A, Benedetto C, Rosso S
Maturitas 2023 Sep;175:107767. Epub 2023 May 3 doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2023.04.010. PMID: 37302181
Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Human Papillomaviruses in Genital Lichen Sclerosus: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study.
Giuliani E, Rollo F, Cota C, Gheit T, Galati L, McKay-Chopin S, Tedesco M, Migliano E, Benevolo M, Morrone A, Donà MG, Latini A
J Low Genit Tract Dis 2023 Jul 1;27(3):236-241. Epub 2023 Apr 11 doi: 10.1097/LGT.0000000000000741. PMID: 37052458
Pediatric vulvar lichen sclerosus: Does it resolve or does it persist after menarche?
Boero V, Cavalli R, Caia C, Berrettini A, Cetera GE, Monti E, Barbara G, Albertini GC, Restelli E, Libutti G, Motta T, Lazzari C, Vercellini P
Pediatr Dermatol 2023 May-Jun;40(3):472-475. Epub 2023 Mar 30 doi: 10.1111/pde.15308. PMID: 36998082
Extragenital lichen sclerosus: A comprehensive review.
Arif T, Fatima R, Sami M
Australas J Dermatol 2022 Nov;63(4):452-462. Epub 2022 Aug 11 doi: 10.1111/ajd.13890. PMID: 35950883
Vulvar vitiligo and lichen sclerosus in children: A clinical challenge.
Veronesi G, Virdi A, Leuzzi M, Gurioli C, Chessa MA, Guglielmo A, Neri I
Pediatr Dermatol 2021 Sep;38(5):1012-1019. Epub 2021 Sep 24 doi: 10.1111/pde.14771. PMID: 34561885

Recent systematic reviews

Systemic Therapy for Lichen Sclerosus: A Systematic Review.
Hargis A, Ngo M, Kraus CN, Mauskar M
J Low Genit Tract Dis 2024 Jan 1;28(1):84-90. Epub 2023 Nov 4 doi: 10.1097/LGT.0000000000000775. PMID: 37924260
Eosinophils in Traditionally Noneosinophil-Rich Dermatoses.
Sanchez I, Ibraheim MK, Lee BA, Kraus CN, Elsensohn A
Am J Dermatopathol 2023 Dec 1;45(12):820-821. doi: 10.1097/DAD.0000000000002550. PMID: 37883982
Risk of Lichen Sclerosus and Lichen Planus in Patients Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.
Alharbi A, Khobrani A, Noor A, Alghamdi W, Alotaibi A, Alnuhait M, Haseeb A
Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022 Dec 29;20(1) doi: 10.3390/ijerph20010580. PMID: 36612904Free PMC Article
Lichen Sclerosus and Sexual Dysfunction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Pope R, Lee MH, Myers A, Song J, Abou Ghayda R, Kim JY, Hong SH, Lee SB, Koyanagi A, Jacob L, Smith L, Shin JI
J Sex Med 2022 Nov;19(11):1616-1624. Epub 2022 Sep 15 doi: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2022.07.011. PMID: 36115787
Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Lichen Sclerosus: A Systematic Review.
Fergus KB, Lee AW, Baradaran N, Cohen AJ, Stohr BA, Erickson BA, Mmonu NA, Breyer BN
Urology 2020 Jan;135:11-19. Epub 2019 Oct 9 doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2019.09.034. PMID: 31605681

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