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Abnormality of the pharynx

MedGen UID:
871345
•Concept ID:
C4025838
•
Anatomical Abnormality
HPO: HP:0000600

Definition

An anomaly of the pharynx, i.e., of the tubular structure extending from the base of the skull superiorly to the esophageal inlet inferiorly. [from HPO]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Adenoidectomy and persistent velopharyngeal insufficiency: Considerations, risk factors, and treatment.
Lambert EM, You P, Kacmarynski DS, Rosenberg TL
Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2021 Oct;149:110846. Epub 2021 Jul 17 doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2021.110846. PMID: 34329831
Globus pharyngeus: a review of etiology, diagnostics, and treatment.
Järvenpää P, Arkkila P, Aaltonen LM
Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2018 Aug;275(8):1945-1953. Epub 2018 Jun 25 doi: 10.1007/s00405-018-5041-1. PMID: 29943257
Velopharyngeal Dysfunction Evaluation and Treatment.
Meier JD, Muntz HR
Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2016 Nov;24(4):477-485. doi: 10.1016/j.fsc.2016.06.016. PMID: 27712815

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

From oral facial dysfunction to dysmorphism and the onset of pediatric OSA.
Guilleminault C, Huang YS
Sleep Med Rev 2018 Aug;40:203-214. Epub 2017 Jul 6 doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2017.06.008. PMID: 29103943
Craniofacial and upper airway morphology in adult obstructive sleep apnea patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cephalometric studies.
Neelapu BC, Kharbanda OP, Sardana HK, Balachandran R, Sardana V, Kapoor P, Gupta A, Vasamsetti S
Sleep Med Rev 2017 Feb;31:79-90. Epub 2016 Jan 30 doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2016.01.007. PMID: 27039222
State of the Art in Treating Velopharyngeal Dysfunction.
Belcher R, Deshpande A, Goudy S
Facial Plast Surg 2016 Apr;32(2):156-61. Epub 2016 Apr 20 doi: 10.1055/s-0036-1581048. PMID: 27097137
Obstructive sleep apnea in infants.
Katz ES, Mitchell RB, D'Ambrosio CM
Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2012 Apr 15;185(8):805-16. Epub 2011 Dec 1 doi: 10.1164/rccm.201108-1455CI. PMID: 22135346Free PMC Article
Pharyngoesophageal pH monitoring.
Bardan E
Am J Med 2003 Aug 18;115 Suppl 3A:78S-80S. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9343(03)00202-x. PMID: 12928080

Diagnosis

Management of noncleft velopharyngeal insufficiency.
Jefferson ND, Willging JP
Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2021 Aug 1;29(4):283-288. doi: 10.1097/MOO.0000000000000735. PMID: 34183557
Craniofacial and upper airway morphology in adult obstructive sleep apnea patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cephalometric studies.
Neelapu BC, Kharbanda OP, Sardana HK, Balachandran R, Sardana V, Kapoor P, Gupta A, Vasamsetti S
Sleep Med Rev 2017 Feb;31:79-90. Epub 2016 Jan 30 doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2016.01.007. PMID: 27039222
Surgical speech disorders.
Shen T, Sie KC
Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2014 Nov;22(4):593-609. Epub 2014 Nov 8 doi: 10.1016/j.fsc.2014.07.010. PMID: 25444731
Laryngo-tracheo-oesophageal clefts.
Leboulanger N, Garabédian EN
Orphanet J Rare Dis 2011 Dec 7;6:81. doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-6-81. PMID: 22151899Free PMC Article
Pharyngoesophageal pH monitoring.
Bardan E
Am J Med 2003 Aug 18;115 Suppl 3A:78S-80S. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9343(03)00202-x. PMID: 12928080

Therapy

Will This Patient Be Difficult to Intubate?: The Rational Clinical Examination Systematic Review.
Detsky ME, Jivraj N, Adhikari NK, Friedrich JO, Pinto R, Simel DL, Wijeysundera DN, Scales DC
JAMA 2019 Feb 5;321(5):493-503. doi: 10.1001/jama.2018.21413. PMID: 30721300
Prevalence of adenoid hypertrophy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Pereira L, Monyror J, Almeida FT, Almeida FR, Guerra E, Flores-Mir C, Pachêco-Pereira C
Sleep Med Rev 2018 Apr;38:101-112. Epub 2017 Jun 14 doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2017.06.001. PMID: 29153763
Pycnodysostosis at otorhinolaryngology.
Baglam T, Binnetoglu A, Fatih Topuz M, Baş Ikizoglu N, Ersu R, Turan S, Sarı M
Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2017 Apr;95:91-96. Epub 2017 Feb 11 doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2017.02.009. PMID: 28576543
Plummer-Vinson syndrome.
Atmatzidis K, Papaziogas B, Pavlidis T, Mirelis Ch, Papaziogas T
Dis Esophagus 2003;16(2):154-7. doi: 10.1046/j.1442-2050.2003.00316.x. PMID: 12823219
Partial adenoidectomy.
Shapiro RS
Laryngoscope 1982 Feb;92(2):135-9. doi: 10.1002/lary.1982.92.2.135. PMID: 7162308

Prognosis

Will This Patient Be Difficult to Intubate?: The Rational Clinical Examination Systematic Review.
Detsky ME, Jivraj N, Adhikari NK, Friedrich JO, Pinto R, Simel DL, Wijeysundera DN, Scales DC
JAMA 2019 Feb 5;321(5):493-503. doi: 10.1001/jama.2018.21413. PMID: 30721300
Pyriform aperture enlargement in all aspects.
Esen E, Bayar Muluk N, Altintoprak N, Ipci K, Cingi C
J Laryngol Otol 2017 Jun;131(6):476-479. Epub 2017 Feb 27 doi: 10.1017/S0022215117000391. PMID: 28238296
Nasometry, videofluoroscopy, and the speech pathologist's evaluation and treatment.
de Stadler M, Hersh C
Adv Otorhinolaryngol 2015;76:7-17. Epub 2015 Feb 12 doi: 10.1159/000368004. PMID: 25733227
Obstructive sleep apnea in infants.
Katz ES, Mitchell RB, D'Ambrosio CM
Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2012 Apr 15;185(8):805-16. Epub 2011 Dec 1 doi: 10.1164/rccm.201108-1455CI. PMID: 22135346Free PMC Article
Laryngo-tracheo-oesophageal clefts.
Leboulanger N, Garabédian EN
Orphanet J Rare Dis 2011 Dec 7;6:81. doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-6-81. PMID: 22151899Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

The case for the pharyngeal flap pharyngoplasty in the management of velopharyngeal dysfunction.
de Blacam C, O'Dwyer A, Oderoha KE, Gilroy TC, Duggan L, Orr DJA
J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2022 Sep;75(9):3436-3447. Epub 2022 Apr 27 doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2022.04.048. PMID: 35729045
Phenotyping OSAH patients during wakefulness.
Pini L, Magri R, Perger E, Levi G, Zambelli L, Giordani J, Ciarfaglia M, Tantucci C
Sleep Breath 2022 Dec;26(4):1801-1807. Epub 2022 Jan 13 doi: 10.1007/s11325-021-02551-5. PMID: 35023036
Will This Patient Be Difficult to Intubate?: The Rational Clinical Examination Systematic Review.
Detsky ME, Jivraj N, Adhikari NK, Friedrich JO, Pinto R, Simel DL, Wijeysundera DN, Scales DC
JAMA 2019 Feb 5;321(5):493-503. doi: 10.1001/jama.2018.21413. PMID: 30721300
Nasometry, videofluoroscopy, and the speech pathologist's evaluation and treatment.
de Stadler M, Hersh C
Adv Otorhinolaryngol 2015;76:7-17. Epub 2015 Feb 12 doi: 10.1159/000368004. PMID: 25733227
Palate re-repair revisited.
Sommerlad BC, Mehendale FV, Birch MJ, Sell D, Hattee C, Harland K
Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2002 May;39(3):295-307. doi: 10.1597/1545-1569_2002_039_0295_prrr_2.0.co_2. PMID: 12019005

Recent systematic reviews

Will This Patient Be Difficult to Intubate?: The Rational Clinical Examination Systematic Review.
Detsky ME, Jivraj N, Adhikari NK, Friedrich JO, Pinto R, Simel DL, Wijeysundera DN, Scales DC
JAMA 2019 Feb 5;321(5):493-503. doi: 10.1001/jama.2018.21413. PMID: 30721300
Prevalence of adenoid hypertrophy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Pereira L, Monyror J, Almeida FT, Almeida FR, Guerra E, Flores-Mir C, Pachêco-Pereira C
Sleep Med Rev 2018 Apr;38:101-112. Epub 2017 Jun 14 doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2017.06.001. PMID: 29153763
Long-Term Incidence of Velopharyngeal Insufficiency and Other Sequelae following Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty.
Tang JA, Salapatas AM, Bonzelaar LB, Friedman M
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2017 Apr;156(4):606-610. Epub 2017 Jan 24 doi: 10.1177/0194599816688646. PMID: 28116979
Craniofacial and upper airway morphology in adult obstructive sleep apnea patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cephalometric studies.
Neelapu BC, Kharbanda OP, Sardana HK, Balachandran R, Sardana V, Kapoor P, Gupta A, Vasamsetti S
Sleep Med Rev 2017 Feb;31:79-90. Epub 2016 Jan 30 doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2016.01.007. PMID: 27039222
The groningen laryngomalacia classification system--based on systematic review and dynamic airway changes.
van der Heijden M, Dikkers FG, Halmos GB
Pediatr Pulmonol 2015 Dec;50(12):1368-73. Epub 2015 Mar 30 doi: 10.1002/ppul.23186. PMID: 25825153

Supplemental Content

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