U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia, seizures, and absent language(NDHSAL)

MedGen UID:
934610
Concept ID:
C4310643
Disease or Syndrome
Synonym: NDHSAL
 
Gene (location): HECW2 (2q32.3)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0014995
OMIM®: 617268

Clinical features

From HPO
Nasogastric tube feeding
MedGen UID:
847783
Concept ID:
C3853581
Medical Device
The condition of inability to eat normally treated by placement of a thin tube through the nose into the stomach that is then used to carry food.
Macrotia
MedGen UID:
488785
Concept ID:
C0152421
Congenital Abnormality
Median longitudinal ear length greater than two standard deviations above the mean and median ear width greater than two standard deviations above the mean (objective); or, apparent increase in length and width of the pinna (subjective).
Dyskinesia
MedGen UID:
8514
Concept ID:
C0013384
Disease or Syndrome
A movement disorder which consists of effects including diminished voluntary movements and the presence of involuntary movements.
Dystonic disorder
MedGen UID:
3940
Concept ID:
C0013421
Sign or Symptom
An abnormally increased muscular tone that causes fixed abnormal postures. There is a slow, intermittent twisting motion that leads to exaggerated turning and posture of the extremities and trunk.
Seizure
MedGen UID:
20693
Concept ID:
C0036572
Sign or Symptom
A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.
Self-injurious behavior
MedGen UID:
88371
Concept ID:
C0085271
Individual Behavior
Self-aggression.
Encephalopathy
MedGen UID:
39314
Concept ID:
C0085584
Disease or Syndrome
Encephalopathy is a term that means brain disease, damage, or malfunction. In general, encephalopathy is manifested by an altered mental state.
EEG abnormality
MedGen UID:
56235
Concept ID:
C0151611
Finding
Abnormality observed by electroencephalogram (EEG), which is used to record of the brain's spontaneous electrical activity from multiple electrodes placed on the scalp.
Generalized-onset seizure
MedGen UID:
115963
Concept ID:
C0234533
Disease or Syndrome
A generalized-onset seizure is a type of seizure originating at some point within, and rapidly engaging, bilaterally distributed networks. The networks may include cortical and subcortical structures but not necessarily the entire cortex.
Cerebral atrophy
MedGen UID:
116012
Concept ID:
C0235946
Disease or Syndrome
Atrophy (wasting, decrease in size of cells or tissue) affecting the cerebrum.
Delayed ability to walk
MedGen UID:
66034
Concept ID:
C0241726
Finding
A failure to achieve the ability to walk at an appropriate developmental stage. Most children learn to walk in a series of stages, and learn to walk short distances independently between 12 and 15 months.
Global developmental delay
MedGen UID:
107838
Concept ID:
C0557874
Finding
A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age.
Autistic behavior
MedGen UID:
163547
Concept ID:
C0856975
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Persistent deficits in social interaction and communication and interaction as well as a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interest as well as repetitive patterns of behavior.
Abnormal cerebral white matter morphology
MedGen UID:
181756
Concept ID:
C0948163
Pathologic Function
An abnormality of the cerebral white matter.
Absent speech
MedGen UID:
340737
Concept ID:
C1854882
Finding
Complete lack of development of speech and language abilities.
Ventriculomegaly
MedGen UID:
480553
Concept ID:
C3278923
Finding
An increase in size of the ventricular system of the brain.
Intellectual disability
MedGen UID:
811461
Concept ID:
C3714756
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Intellectual disability, previously referred to as mental retardation, is characterized by subnormal intellectual functioning that occurs during the developmental period. It is defined by an IQ score below 70.
Recurrent hand flapping
MedGen UID:
867996
Concept ID:
C4022387
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
A type of repetitive behavior in which the affected individual repeatedly waves the hands and/or arms rhythmically.
Hypotonia
MedGen UID:
10133
Concept ID:
C0026827
Finding
Hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle). Even when relaxed, muscles have a continuous and passive partial contraction which provides some resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia thus manifests as diminished resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness, although the two conditions can co-exist.
Osteopenia
MedGen UID:
18222
Concept ID:
C0029453
Disease or Syndrome
Osteopenia is a term to define bone density that is not normal but also not as low as osteoporosis. By definition from the World Health Organization osteopenia is defined by bone densitometry as a T score -1 to -2.5.
Generalized hypotonia
MedGen UID:
346841
Concept ID:
C1858120
Finding
Generalized muscular hypotonia (abnormally low muscle tone).
Macrocephaly
MedGen UID:
745757
Concept ID:
C2243051
Finding
Occipitofrontal (head) circumference greater than 97th centile compared to appropriate, age matched, sex-matched normal standards. Alternatively, a apparently increased size of the cranium.
Wide mouth
MedGen UID:
44238
Concept ID:
C0024433
Congenital Abnormality
Distance between the oral commissures more than 2 SD above the mean. Alternatively, an apparently increased width of the oral aperture (subjective).
Bulbous nose
MedGen UID:
66013
Concept ID:
C0240543
Finding
Increased volume and globular shape of the anteroinferior aspect of the nose.
Telecanthus
MedGen UID:
140836
Concept ID:
C0423113
Finding
Distance between the inner canthi more than two standard deviations above the mean (objective); or, apparently increased distance between the inner canthi.
Epicanthus
MedGen UID:
151862
Concept ID:
C0678230
Congenital Abnormality
Epicanthus is a condition in which a fold of skin stretches from the upper to the lower eyelid, partially covering the inner canthus. Usher (1935) noted that epicanthus is a normal finding in the fetus of all races. Epicanthus also occurs in association with hereditary ptosis (110100).
Sparse eyebrow
MedGen UID:
371332
Concept ID:
C1832446
Finding
Decreased density/number of eyebrow hairs.
Depressed nasal bridge
MedGen UID:
373112
Concept ID:
C1836542
Finding
Posterior positioning of the nasal root in relation to the overall facial profile for age.
Prominent forehead
MedGen UID:
373291
Concept ID:
C1837260
Finding
Forward prominence of the entire forehead, due to protrusion of the frontal bone.
High, narrow palate
MedGen UID:
324787
Concept ID:
C1837404
Finding
The presence of a high and narrow palate.
Thick lower lip vermilion
MedGen UID:
326567
Concept ID:
C1839739
Finding
Increased thickness of the lower lip, leading to a prominent appearance of the lower lip. The height of the vermilion of the lower lip in the midline is more than 2 SD above the mean. Alternatively, an apparently increased height of the vermilion of the lower lip in the frontal view (subjective).
Anteverted nares
MedGen UID:
326648
Concept ID:
C1840077
Finding
Anteriorly-facing nostrils viewed with the head in the Frankfurt horizontal and the eyes of the observer level with the eyes of the subject. This gives the appearance of an upturned nose (upturned nasal tip).
Midface retrusion
MedGen UID:
339938
Concept ID:
C1853242
Anatomical Abnormality
Posterior positions and/or vertical shortening of the infraorbital and perialar regions, or increased concavity of the face and/or reduced nasolabial angle.
Thick eyebrow
MedGen UID:
377914
Concept ID:
C1853487
Finding
Increased density/number and/or increased diameter of eyebrow hairs.
Ptosis
MedGen UID:
2287
Concept ID:
C0005745
Disease or Syndrome
The upper eyelid margin is positioned 3 mm or more lower than usual and covers the superior portion of the iris (objective); or, the upper lid margin obscures at least part of the pupil (subjective).
Nystagmus
MedGen UID:
45166
Concept ID:
C0028738
Disease or Syndrome
Rhythmic, involuntary oscillations of one or both eyes related to abnormality in fixation, conjugate gaze, or vestibular mechanisms.
Strabismus
MedGen UID:
21337
Concept ID:
C0038379
Disease or Syndrome
A misalignment of the eyes so that the visual axes deviate from bifoveal fixation. The classification of strabismus may be based on a number of features including the relative position of the eyes, whether the deviation is latent or manifest, intermittent or constant, concomitant or otherwise and according to the age of onset and the relevance of any associated refractive error.
Deeply set eye
MedGen UID:
473112
Concept ID:
C0423224
Finding
An eye that is more deeply recessed into the plane of the face than is typical.
Cerebral visual impairment
MedGen UID:
890568
Concept ID:
C4048268
Pathologic Function
A form of loss of vision caused by damage to the visual cortex rather than a defect in the eye.

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Gibson KM, Christensen E, Jakobs C, Fowler B, Clarke MA, Hammersen G, Raab K, Kobori J, Moosa A, Vollmer B, Rossier E, Iafolla AK, Matern D, Brouwer OF, Finkelstein J, Aksu F, Weber HP, Bakkeren JA, Gabreels FJ, Bluestone D, Barron TF, Beauvais P, Rabier D, Santos C, Lehnert W
Pediatrics 1997 Apr;99(4):567-74. doi: 10.1542/peds.99.4.567. PMID: 9093300

Diagnosis

Lippa NC, Barua S, Aggarwal V, Pereira E, Bain JM
BMC Neurol 2021 Sep 16;21(1):358. doi: 10.1186/s12883-021-02380-9. PMID: 34530748Free PMC Article
Zhao A, Zhou R, Gu Q, Liu M, Zhang B, Huang J, Yang B, Yao R, Wang J, Lv H, Wang J, Shen Y, Wang H, Chen X
Clin Chim Acta 2021 Dec;523:10-18. Epub 2021 Aug 31 doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.08.030. PMID: 34478686
Yanagishita T, Hirade T, Shimojima Yamamoto K, Funatsuka M, Miyamoto Y, Maeda M, Yanagi K, Kaname T, Nagata S, Nagata M, Ishihara Y, Miyashita Y, Asano Y, Sakata Y, Kosaki K, Yamamoto T
Am J Med Genet A 2021 Oct;185(10):2895-2902. Epub 2021 May 28 doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62363. PMID: 34047014
Battaglia A
Orphanet J Rare Dis 2008 Nov 19;3:30. doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-3-30. PMID: 19019226Free PMC Article
Gibson KM, Christensen E, Jakobs C, Fowler B, Clarke MA, Hammersen G, Raab K, Kobori J, Moosa A, Vollmer B, Rossier E, Iafolla AK, Matern D, Brouwer OF, Finkelstein J, Aksu F, Weber HP, Bakkeren JA, Gabreels FJ, Bluestone D, Barron TF, Beauvais P, Rabier D, Santos C, Lehnert W
Pediatrics 1997 Apr;99(4):567-74. doi: 10.1542/peds.99.4.567. PMID: 9093300

Therapy

Jesse S, Delling JP, Schön M, Boeckers TM, Ludolph A, Senel M
Int J Mol Sci 2021 Feb 25;22(5) doi: 10.3390/ijms22052311. PMID: 33669083Free PMC Article
Gibson KM, Christensen E, Jakobs C, Fowler B, Clarke MA, Hammersen G, Raab K, Kobori J, Moosa A, Vollmer B, Rossier E, Iafolla AK, Matern D, Brouwer OF, Finkelstein J, Aksu F, Weber HP, Bakkeren JA, Gabreels FJ, Bluestone D, Barron TF, Beauvais P, Rabier D, Santos C, Lehnert W
Pediatrics 1997 Apr;99(4):567-74. doi: 10.1542/peds.99.4.567. PMID: 9093300

Prognosis

Gibson KM, Christensen E, Jakobs C, Fowler B, Clarke MA, Hammersen G, Raab K, Kobori J, Moosa A, Vollmer B, Rossier E, Iafolla AK, Matern D, Brouwer OF, Finkelstein J, Aksu F, Weber HP, Bakkeren JA, Gabreels FJ, Bluestone D, Barron TF, Beauvais P, Rabier D, Santos C, Lehnert W
Pediatrics 1997 Apr;99(4):567-74. doi: 10.1542/peds.99.4.567. PMID: 9093300

Clinical prediction guides

Zhao A, Zhou R, Gu Q, Liu M, Zhang B, Huang J, Yang B, Yao R, Wang J, Lv H, Wang J, Shen Y, Wang H, Chen X
Clin Chim Acta 2021 Dec;523:10-18. Epub 2021 Aug 31 doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.08.030. PMID: 34478686
Battaglia A
Orphanet J Rare Dis 2008 Nov 19;3:30. doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-3-30. PMID: 19019226Free PMC Article
Gibson KM, Christensen E, Jakobs C, Fowler B, Clarke MA, Hammersen G, Raab K, Kobori J, Moosa A, Vollmer B, Rossier E, Iafolla AK, Matern D, Brouwer OF, Finkelstein J, Aksu F, Weber HP, Bakkeren JA, Gabreels FJ, Bluestone D, Barron TF, Beauvais P, Rabier D, Santos C, Lehnert W
Pediatrics 1997 Apr;99(4):567-74. doi: 10.1542/peds.99.4.567. PMID: 9093300

Supplemental Content

Recent activity

Your browsing activity is empty.

Activity recording is turned off.

Turn recording back on

See more...