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3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 8(MGCA8)

MedGen UID:
934617
Concept ID:
C4310650
Disease or Syndrome
Synonym: 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, type VIII
 
Gene (location): HTRA2 (2p13.1)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0044723
OMIM®: 617248
Orphanet: ORPHA505208

Definition

MGCA8 is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder resulting in death in infancy. Features include hypotonia, abnormal movements, respiratory insufficiency with apneic episodes, and lack of developmental progress, often with seizures. Brain imaging is variable, but may show progressive cerebral atrophy. Laboratory studies show increased serum lactate and 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, suggesting a mitochondrial defect (summary by Mandel et al., 2016). For a phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, see MGCA type I (250950). [from OMIM]

Clinical features

From HPO
3-Methylglutaric aciduria
MedGen UID:
463302
Concept ID:
C3151952
Finding
An abnormally increased level of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid in the urine.
3-Methylglutaconic aciduria
MedGen UID:
777186
Concept ID:
C3696376
Disease or Syndrome
An increased amount of 3-methylglutaconic acid in the urine.
Patent ductus arteriosus
MedGen UID:
4415
Concept ID:
C0013274
Congenital Abnormality
In utero, the ductus arteriosus (DA) serves to divert ventricular output away from the lungs and toward the placenta by connecting the main pulmonary artery to the descending aorta. A patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in the first 3 days of life is a physiologic shunt in healthy term and preterm newborn infants, and normally is substantially closed within about 24 hours after bith and completely closed after about three weeks. Failure of physiologcal closure is referred to a persistent or patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Depending on the degree of left-to-right shunting, PDA can have clinical consequences.
Bradycardia
MedGen UID:
140901
Concept ID:
C0428977
Finding
A slower than normal heart rate (in adults, slower than 60 beats per minute).
Growth delay
MedGen UID:
99124
Concept ID:
C0456070
Pathologic Function
A deficiency or slowing down of growth pre- and postnatally.
Failure to thrive
MedGen UID:
746019
Concept ID:
C2315100
Disease or Syndrome
Failure to thrive (FTT) refers to a child whose physical growth is substantially below the norm.
Dysphagia
MedGen UID:
41440
Concept ID:
C0011168
Disease or Syndrome
Difficulty in swallowing.
Jaundice
MedGen UID:
43987
Concept ID:
C0022346
Sign or Symptom
Yellow pigmentation of the skin due to bilirubin, which in turn is the result of increased bilirubin concentration in the bloodstream.
Feeding difficulties
MedGen UID:
65429
Concept ID:
C0232466
Finding
Impaired ability to eat related to problems gathering food and getting ready to suck, chew, or swallow it.
Poor suck
MedGen UID:
324693
Concept ID:
C1837142
Finding
An inadequate sucking reflex, resulting in the difficult of newborns to be breast-fed.
Sensorineural hearing loss disorder
MedGen UID:
9164
Concept ID:
C0018784
Disease or Syndrome
A type of hearing impairment in one or both ears related to an abnormal functionality of the cochlear nerve.
Clonus
MedGen UID:
40341
Concept ID:
C0009024
Sign or Symptom
A series of rhythmic and involuntary muscle contractions (at a frequency of about 5 to 7 Hz) that occur in response to an abruptly applied and sustained stretch.
Dystonic disorder
MedGen UID:
3940
Concept ID:
C0013421
Sign or Symptom
An abnormally increased muscular tone that causes fixed abnormal postures. There is a slow, intermittent twisting motion that leads to exaggerated turning and posture of the extremities and trunk.
Seizure
MedGen UID:
20693
Concept ID:
C0036572
Sign or Symptom
A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.
Tremor
MedGen UID:
21635
Concept ID:
C0040822
Sign or Symptom
An unintentional, oscillating to-and-fro muscle movement about a joint axis.
Cerebral atrophy
MedGen UID:
116012
Concept ID:
C0235946
Disease or Syndrome
Atrophy (wasting, decrease in size of cells or tissue) affecting the cerebrum.
Hypoplasia of the corpus callosum
MedGen UID:
138005
Concept ID:
C0344482
Congenital Abnormality
Underdevelopment of the corpus callosum.
Increased CSF lactate
MedGen UID:
257904
Concept ID:
C1167918
Finding
Increased concentration of lactate in the cerebrospinal fluid.
Ventriculomegaly
MedGen UID:
480553
Concept ID:
C3278923
Finding
An increase in size of the ventricular system of the brain.
Elevated brain lactate level by MRS
MedGen UID:
868368
Concept ID:
C4022762
Finding
An increase in the level of lactate in the brain identified by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS).
Hypertonia
MedGen UID:
10132
Concept ID:
C0026826
Finding
A condition in which there is increased muscle tone so that arms or legs, for example, are stiff and difficult to move.
Hypotonia
MedGen UID:
10133
Concept ID:
C0026827
Finding
Hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle). Even when relaxed, muscles have a continuous and passive partial contraction which provides some resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia thus manifests as diminished resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness, although the two conditions can co-exist.
Secondary microcephaly
MedGen UID:
608952
Concept ID:
C0431352
Finding
Head circumference which falls below 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender because of insufficient head growth after birth.
Generalized hypotonia
MedGen UID:
346841
Concept ID:
C1858120
Finding
Generalized muscular hypotonia (abnormally low muscle tone).
Apnea
MedGen UID:
2009
Concept ID:
C0003578
Sign or Symptom
Lack of breathing with no movement of the respiratory muscles and no exchange of air in the lungs. This term refers to a disposition to have recurrent episodes of apnea rather than to a single event.
Respiratory arrest
MedGen UID:
57878
Concept ID:
C0162297
Pathologic Function
Cessation of breathing function.
Hypopnea
MedGen UID:
536410
Concept ID:
C0235546
Finding
Hypopnea is referring to breathing that is abnormally shallow.
Respiratory failure
MedGen UID:
257837
Concept ID:
C1145670
Disease or Syndrome
A severe form of respiratory insufficiency characterized by inadequate gas exchange such that the levels of oxygen or carbon dioxide cannot be maintained within normal limits.
Neutropenia
MedGen UID:
163121
Concept ID:
C0853697
Finding
An abnormally low number of neutrophils in the peripheral blood.
Neonatal hypoglycemia
MedGen UID:
57646
Concept ID:
C0158986
Finding
Blood glucose concentration below the lower limit of established reference ranges in a newborn.
Increased circulating lactate concentration
MedGen UID:
332209
Concept ID:
C1836440
Finding
Abnormally increased level of blood lactate (2-hydroxypropanoic acid). Lactate is produced from pyruvate by lactate dehydrogenase during normal metabolism. The terms lactate and lactic acid are often used interchangeably but lactate (the component measured in blood) is strictly a weak base whereas lactic acid is the corresponding acid. Lactic acidosis is often used clinically to describe elevated lactate but should be reserved for cases where there is a corresponding acidosis (pH below 7.35).
Cataract
MedGen UID:
39462
Concept ID:
C0086543
Disease or Syndrome
A cataract is an opacity or clouding that develops in the crystalline lens of the eye or in its capsule.

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Johnston J, Kelley RI, Feigenbaum A, Cox GF, Iyer GS, Funanage VL, Proujansky R
Am J Hum Genet 1997 Nov;61(5):1053-8. doi: 10.1086/301604. PMID: 9345098Free PMC Article

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Neas K, Bennetts B, Carpenter K, White R, Kirk EP, Wilson M, Kelley R, Baric I, Christodoulou J
J Inherit Metab Dis 2005;28(4):525-32. doi: 10.1007/s10545-005-0525-8. PMID: 15902555
Worthen HG, al Ashwal A, Ozand PT, Garawi S, Rahbeeni Z, al Odaib A, Subramanyam SB, Rashed M
Brain Dev 1994 Nov;16 Suppl:81-5. doi: 10.1016/0387-7604(94)90100-7. PMID: 7726385

Diagnosis

Nardecchia F, Caciotti A, Giovanniello T, De Leo S, Ferri L, Galosi S, Santagata S, Torres B, Bernardini L, Carducci C, Morrone A, Leuzzi V
Int J Mol Sci 2022 Apr 16;23(8) doi: 10.3390/ijms23084422. PMID: 35457240Free PMC Article
Huna-Baron R, Yahalom G, Anikster Y, Ben Zeev B, Hoffmann C, Hassin-Baer S
J Neuroophthalmol 2022 Mar 1;42(1):e147-e152. Epub 2021 Apr 14 doi: 10.1097/WNO.0000000000001249. PMID: 33870938
Tavasoli AR, Shervin Badv R, Zschocke J, Ashrafi MR, Rostami P
Brain Dev 2017 Sep;39(8):714-716. Epub 2017 Apr 21 doi: 10.1016/j.braindev.2017.04.007. PMID: 28438368
Catteruccia M, Verrigni D, Martinelli D, Torraco A, Agovino T, Bonafé L, D'Amico A, Donati MA, Adorisio R, Santorelli FM, Carrozzo R, Bertini E, Dionisi-Vici C
Mol Genet Metab 2014 Mar;111(3):353-359. Epub 2014 Jan 8 doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2014.01.001. PMID: 24485043
Mack M, Schniegler-Mattox U, Peters V, Hoffmann GF, Liesert M, Buckel W, Zschocke J
FEBS J 2006 May;273(9):2012-22. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2006.05218.x. PMID: 16640564

Therapy

Catteruccia M, Verrigni D, Martinelli D, Torraco A, Agovino T, Bonafé L, D'Amico A, Donati MA, Adorisio R, Santorelli FM, Carrozzo R, Bertini E, Dionisi-Vici C
Mol Genet Metab 2014 Mar;111(3):353-359. Epub 2014 Jan 8 doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2014.01.001. PMID: 24485043
Worthen HG, al Ashwal A, Ozand PT, Garawi S, Rahbeeni Z, al Odaib A, Subramanyam SB, Rashed M
Brain Dev 1994 Nov;16 Suppl:81-5. doi: 10.1016/0387-7604(94)90100-7. PMID: 7726385

Prognosis

Huna-Baron R, Yahalom G, Anikster Y, Ben Zeev B, Hoffmann C, Hassin-Baer S
J Neuroophthalmol 2022 Mar 1;42(1):e147-e152. Epub 2021 Apr 14 doi: 10.1097/WNO.0000000000001249. PMID: 33870938
Catteruccia M, Verrigni D, Martinelli D, Torraco A, Agovino T, Bonafé L, D'Amico A, Donati MA, Adorisio R, Santorelli FM, Carrozzo R, Bertini E, Dionisi-Vici C
Mol Genet Metab 2014 Mar;111(3):353-359. Epub 2014 Jan 8 doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2014.01.001. PMID: 24485043
Johnston J, Kelley RI, Feigenbaum A, Cox GF, Iyer GS, Funanage VL, Proujansky R
Am J Hum Genet 1997 Nov;61(5):1053-8. doi: 10.1086/301604. PMID: 9345098Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

Johnston J, Kelley RI, Feigenbaum A, Cox GF, Iyer GS, Funanage VL, Proujansky R
Am J Hum Genet 1997 Nov;61(5):1053-8. doi: 10.1086/301604. PMID: 9345098Free PMC Article
Worthen HG, al Ashwal A, Ozand PT, Garawi S, Rahbeeni Z, al Odaib A, Subramanyam SB, Rashed M
Brain Dev 1994 Nov;16 Suppl:81-5. doi: 10.1016/0387-7604(94)90100-7. PMID: 7726385

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