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Megacolon

MedGen UID:
6285
•Concept ID:
C0025160
•
Pathologic Function
Synonym: Megacolons
SNOMED CT: Megacolon (33995003); Dilatation of colon (33995003)
 
HPO: HP:6000852
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0001273

Definition

Persistent and substantial increase in diameter diameter and length of the colon. [from HPO]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Approach to the patient with infectious colitis: clinical features, work-up and treatment.
Iqbal T, DuPont HL
Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2021 Jan;37(1):66-75. doi: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000693. PMID: 33105253
Clostridioides difficile Infection: Update on Management.
Mounsey A, Lacy Smith K, Reddy VC, Nickolich S
Am Fam Physician 2020 Feb 1;101(3):168-175. PMID: 32003951
Hirschsprung's disease: diagnosis and management.
Kessmann J
Am Fam Physician 2006 Oct 15;74(8):1319-22. PMID: 17087425

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Clostridioides difficile Colitis.
Pumiglia L, Wilson L, Rashidi L
Surg Clin North Am 2024 Jun;104(3):545-556. Epub 2023 Dec 26 doi: 10.1016/j.suc.2023.11.005. PMID: 38677819
A Review of Clostridioides difficile Infection and Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea.
Abad CLR, Safdar N
Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2021 Jun;50(2):323-340. doi: 10.1016/j.gtc.2021.02.010. PMID: 34024444
Clostridioides difficile Infection: Update on Management.
Mounsey A, Lacy Smith K, Reddy VC, Nickolich S
Am Fam Physician 2020 Feb 1;101(3):168-175. PMID: 32003951
Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction.
Saunders MD
Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2007;21(4):671-87. doi: 10.1016/j.bpg.2007.03.001. PMID: 17643908
Sigmoid volvulus an update.
Lal SK, Morgenstern R, Vinjirayer EP, Matin A
Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 2006 Jan;16(1):175-87. doi: 10.1016/j.giec.2006.01.010. PMID: 16546032

Diagnosis

Toxic megacolon.
Argyriou O, Lingam G, Tozer P, Sahnan K
Br J Surg 2024 Aug 2;111(8) doi: 10.1093/bjs/znae200. PMID: 39120526
CT features of toxic megacolon: A systematic review.
Eghbali E, Akhavi Milani A, Shirmohamadi M, Hosseinifard H
Radiography (Lond) 2021 May;27(2):716-720. Epub 2020 Nov 12 doi: 10.1016/j.radi.2020.10.019. PMID: 33189537
Approach to the patient with infectious colitis: clinical features, work-up and treatment.
Iqbal T, DuPont HL
Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2021 Jan;37(1):66-75. doi: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000693. PMID: 33105253
Toxic megacolon.
Autenrieth DM, Baumgart DC
Inflamm Bowel Dis 2012 Mar;18(3):584-91. doi: 10.1002/ibd.21847. PMID: 22009735
Hirschsprung's disease.
Schnaufer L
Surg Clin North Am 1976 Apr;56(2):349-59. doi: 10.1016/s0039-6109(16)40881-9. PMID: 1265600

Therapy

Clostridioides difficile Colitis.
Pumiglia L, Wilson L, Rashidi L
Surg Clin North Am 2024 Jun;104(3):545-556. Epub 2023 Dec 26 doi: 10.1016/j.suc.2023.11.005. PMID: 38677819
A Review of Clostridioides difficile Infection and Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea.
Abad CLR, Safdar N
Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2021 Jun;50(2):323-340. doi: 10.1016/j.gtc.2021.02.010. PMID: 34024444
Approach to the patient with infectious colitis: clinical features, work-up and treatment.
Iqbal T, DuPont HL
Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2021 Jan;37(1):66-75. doi: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000693. PMID: 33105253
Clostridioides difficile Infection: Update on Management.
Mounsey A, Lacy Smith K, Reddy VC, Nickolich S
Am Fam Physician 2020 Feb 1;101(3):168-175. PMID: 32003951
Clostridium difficile infection and antibiotic-associated diarrhoea.
Mullish BH, Williams HR
Clin Med (Lond) 2018 Jun;18(3):237-241. doi: 10.7861/clinmedicine.18-3-237. PMID: 29858434Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Clostridioides difficile Colitis.
Pumiglia L, Wilson L, Rashidi L
Surg Clin North Am 2024 Jun;104(3):545-556. Epub 2023 Dec 26 doi: 10.1016/j.suc.2023.11.005. PMID: 38677819
A comprehensive review and update on ulcerative colitis().
Gajendran M, Loganathan P, Jimenez G, Catinella AP, Ng N, Umapathy C, Ziade N, Hashash JG
Dis Mon 2019 Dec;65(12):100851. Epub 2019 Mar 2 doi: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2019.02.004. PMID: 30837080
Clostridium difficile infection.
Alcalá Hernández L, Reigadas Ramírez E, Bouza Santiago E
Med Clin (Barc) 2017 May 23;148(10):456-463. Epub 2017 Apr 8 doi: 10.1016/j.medcli.2017.01.033. PMID: 28396132
Chagas disease.
Teixeira AR, Nitz N, Guimaro MC, Gomes C, Santos-Buch CA
Postgrad Med J 2006 Dec;82(974):788-98. doi: 10.1136/pgmj.2006.047357. PMID: 17148699Free PMC Article
Toxic megacolon.
Sheth SG, LaMont JT
Lancet 1998 Feb 14;351(9101):509-13. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)10475-5. PMID: 9482465

Clinical prediction guides

The Gut Bacterial Community Potentiates Clostridioides difficile Infection Severity.
Lesniak NA, Schubert AM, Flynn KJ, Leslie JL, Sinani H, Bergin IL, Young VB, Schloss PD
mBio 2022 Aug 30;13(4):e0118322. Epub 2022 Jul 20 doi: 10.1128/mbio.01183-22. PMID: 35856563Free PMC Article
Evaluation of outcomes following subtotal colectomy for the treatment of idiopathic megacolon in cats.
Grossman RM, Sumner JP, Lopez DJ, Dornbusch JA, Singh A, Lux CN, Sample SJ, Liptak JM, Grimes JA, Upchurch DA, Blumenthal MS, Traverson M, Buote NJ, Marvel SJ, Steffey MA, Arai S, Little JP, Atilla A, Huck JL, Pitt KA
J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021 Nov 1;259(11):1292-1299. doi: 10.2460/javma.20.07.0418. PMID: 34727062
A comprehensive review and update on ulcerative colitis().
Gajendran M, Loganathan P, Jimenez G, Catinella AP, Ng N, Umapathy C, Ziade N, Hashash JG
Dis Mon 2019 Dec;65(12):100851. Epub 2019 Mar 2 doi: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2019.02.004. PMID: 30837080
Infectious diseases causing autonomic dysfunction.
Carod-Artal FJ
Clin Auton Res 2018 Feb;28(1):67-81. Epub 2017 Jul 20 doi: 10.1007/s10286-017-0452-4. PMID: 28730326
Chagas disease.
Teixeira AR, Nitz N, Guimaro MC, Gomes C, Santos-Buch CA
Postgrad Med J 2006 Dec;82(974):788-98. doi: 10.1136/pgmj.2006.047357. PMID: 17148699Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

CT features of toxic megacolon: A systematic review.
Eghbali E, Akhavi Milani A, Shirmohamadi M, Hosseinifard H
Radiography (Lond) 2021 May;27(2):716-720. Epub 2020 Nov 12 doi: 10.1016/j.radi.2020.10.019. PMID: 33189537
Symptoms and diagnostic criteria of acquired Megacolon - a systematic literature review.
Cuda T, Gunnarsson R, de Costa A
BMC Gastroenterol 2018 Jan 31;18(1):25. doi: 10.1186/s12876-018-0753-7. PMID: 29385992Free PMC Article
Antioxidant therapy for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: Does it work?
Moura FA, de Andrade KQ, Dos Santos JCF, Araújo ORP, Goulart MOF
Redox Biol 2015 Dec;6:617-639. Epub 2015 Oct 23 doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.10.006. PMID: 26520808Free PMC Article
Association of Hirschsprung's disease and anorectal malformation: a systematic review.
Hofmann AD, Puri P
Pediatr Surg Int 2013 Sep;29(9):913-7. doi: 10.1007/s00383-013-3352-2. PMID: 23948812
Systematic review of surgical options for idiopathic megarectum and megacolon.
Gladman MA, Scott SM, Lunniss PJ, Williams NS
Ann Surg 2005 Apr;241(4):562-74. doi: 10.1097/01.sla.0000157140.69695.d3. PMID: 15798457Free PMC Article

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