A clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in the bone marrow, blood or other tissues. The classification of acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs) encompasses four major categories: 1) AML with recurrent genetic abnormalities; 2) AML with multilineage dysplasia; 3) Therapy-related AML; 4) AML not otherwise specified. The required bone marrow or peripheral blood blast percentage for the diagnosis of AML is 20% (WHO classification)

Juvenile granulosa cell ovarian tumor (JGCOT) is a rare sex cord stromal tumor, occurring most frequently in premenarchal girls or young women. In contrast to adult granulosa cell tumor, JGCOT has a high mitotic index and more aggressive tumor growth. Microscopically it is seen as diffuse and regularly distributed neoplastic cells with a wide cytoplasm and pleomorphic hyperchromatic nucleus. Follicle formation, in various sizes and shapes, is important in JGCOT. Call-Exner bodies are infrequently seen in JGCOT in contrast to the adult type.

A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the colon. Representative examples include carcinoma, lymphoma, and sarcoma.

Presence of multiple adenomatous polyps in the colon.

The presence of a meningioma, i.e., a benign tumor originating from the dura mater or arachnoid mater.

A benign nerve sheath tumor composed of Schwann cells.

Presence of abnormal cells inside a milk duct, that is, non-invasive breast cancer. Ductal carcinoma in situ is considered to be a precursor lesion to invasive breast cancer.

Uveal melanoma is a highly malignant tumor that arises from the choroid or the ciliary body of the eye. It is the most common primary ocular malignancy in adults, although it has a low incidence (6 cases per 1,000,000 per year). A tendency for hematogenic spread to the liver accounts for up to 50% of patient deaths (summary by Lopez et al., 2007).