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Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis 5(CLN5)

MedGen UID:
376792
Concept ID:
C1850442
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: CEROID LIPOFUSCINOSIS, NEURONAL, 5, VARIABLE AGE AT ONSET; CLN5; CLN5 Disease; CLN5-Related Neuronal Ceroid-Lipofuscinosis; Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis Finnish variant; NEURONAL CEROID LIPOFUSCINOSIS, LATE INFANTILE, FINNISH VARIANT
Modes of inheritance:
Autosomal recessive inheritance
MedGen UID:
141025
Concept ID:
C0441748
Intellectual Product
Source: Orphanet
A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in individuals with two pathogenic alleles, either homozygotes (two copies of the same mutant allele) or compound heterozygotes (whereby each copy of a gene has a distinct mutant allele).
 
Gene (location): CLN5 (13q22.3)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0009745
OMIM®: 256731
Orphanet: ORPHA228360

Definition

The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCL; CLN) are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the intracellular accumulation of autofluorescent lipopigment storage material in different patterns ultrastructurally. The lipopigment patterns observed most often in CLN5 comprise mixed combinations of 'granular,' 'curvilinear,' and 'fingerprint' profiles. The clinical course includes progressive dementia, seizures, and progressive visual failure (Mole et al., 2005). For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of CLN, see CLN1 (256730). [from OMIM]

Additional description

From MedlinePlus Genetics
CLN5 disease is an inherited disorder that primarily affects the nervous system. The signs and symptoms of this condition can begin anytime between childhood and early adulthood, but they typically appear around age 5. Children with CLN5 disease often have normal development until they experience the first signs of the condition, which are usually problems with movement that might seem like clumsiness, and a loss of previously acquired motor skills (developmental regression). Other features of the condition include recurrent seizures that involve uncontrollable muscle jerks (myoclonic epilepsy), difficulty coordinating movements (ataxia), vision loss, speech problems, and a decline in intellectual function. The life expectancy of people with CLN5 disease varies; affected individuals usually survive into adolescence or mid-adulthood.

CLN5 disease is one of a group of disorders known as neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs), which may also be collectively referred to as Batten disease. All these disorders affect the nervous system and typically cause worsening problems with vision, movement, and thinking ability. The different NCLs are distinguished by their genetic cause. Each disease type is given the designation "CLN," meaning ceroid lipofuscinosis, neuronal, and then a number to indicate its subtype.  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/cln5-disease

Clinical features

From HPO
Cerebellar ataxia
MedGen UID:
849
Concept ID:
C0007758
Disease or Syndrome
Cerebellar ataxia refers to ataxia due to dysfunction of the cerebellum. This causes a variety of elementary neurological deficits including asynergy (lack of coordination between muscles, limbs and joints), dysmetria (lack of ability to judge distances that can lead to under- or overshoot in grasping movements), and dysdiadochokinesia (inability to perform rapid movements requiring antagonizing muscle groups to be switched on and off repeatedly).
Dysarthria
MedGen UID:
8510
Concept ID:
C0013362
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Dysarthric speech is a general description referring to a neurological speech disorder characterized by poor articulation. Depending on the involved neurological structures, dysarthria may be further classified as spastic, flaccid, ataxic, hyperkinetic and hypokinetic, or mixed.
Myoclonus
MedGen UID:
10234
Concept ID:
C0027066
Finding
Very brief, involuntary random muscular contractions occurring at rest, in response to sensory stimuli, or accompanying voluntary movements.
Seizure
MedGen UID:
20693
Concept ID:
C0036572
Sign or Symptom
A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.
Clumsiness
MedGen UID:
66690
Concept ID:
C0233844
Sign or Symptom
Lack of physical coordination resulting in an abnormal tendency to drop items or bump into objects.
Dysmetria
MedGen UID:
68583
Concept ID:
C0234162
Finding
A type of ataxia characterized by the inability to carry out movements with the correct range and motion across the plane of more than one joint related to incorrect estimation of the distances required for targeted movements.
Dysdiadochokinesis
MedGen UID:
115975
Concept ID:
C0234979
Sign or Symptom
A type of ataxia characterized by the impairment of the ability to perform rapidly alternating movements, such as pronating and supinating his or her hand on the dorsum of the other hand as rapidly as possible.
Limb tremor
MedGen UID:
115980
Concept ID:
C0235081
Sign or Symptom
Cerebellar atrophy
MedGen UID:
196624
Concept ID:
C0740279
Disease or Syndrome
Cerebellar atrophy is defined as a cerebellum with initially normal structures, in a posterior fossa with normal size, which displays enlarged fissures (interfolial spaces) in comparison to the foliae secondary to loss of tissue. Cerebellar atrophy implies irreversible loss of tissue and result from an ongoing progressive disease until a final stage is reached or a single injury, e.g. an intoxication or infectious event.
Developmental regression
MedGen UID:
324613
Concept ID:
C1836830
Disease or Syndrome
Loss of developmental skills, as manifested by loss of developmental milestones.
Loss of ambulation
MedGen UID:
332305
Concept ID:
C1836843
Finding
Inability to walk in a person who previous had the ability to walk.
Motor deterioration
MedGen UID:
356495
Concept ID:
C1866284
Finding
Loss of previously present motor (i.e., movement) abilities.
Intellectual disability
MedGen UID:
811461
Concept ID:
C3714756
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Intellectual disability, previously referred to as mental retardation, is characterized by subnormal intellectual functioning that occurs during the developmental period. It is defined by an IQ score below 70.
Abnormal nervous system electrophysiology
MedGen UID:
867410
Concept ID:
C4021781
Pathologic Function
An abnormality of the function of the electrical signals with which nerve cells communicate with each other or with muscles as measured by electrophysiological investigations.
Increased neuronal autofluorescent lipopigment
MedGen UID:
892355
Concept ID:
C4025728
Finding
Lipofuscin, a generic term applied to autofluorescent lipopigment, is a mixture of protein and lipid that accumulates in most aging cells, particularly those involved in high lipid turnover (e.g., the adrenal medulla) or phagocytosis of other cell types (e g., the retinal pigment epithelium or RPE; macrophage). This term pertains if there is an increase in the neuronal accumulation of lipofuscin (also known as autofluorescent lipoprotein) more than expected for the age of the patient.
Cerebral cortical atrophy
MedGen UID:
1646740
Concept ID:
C4551583
Disease or Syndrome
Atrophy of the cortex of the cerebrum.
Vacuolated lymphocytes
MedGen UID:
332307
Concept ID:
C1836855
Finding
The presence of clear, sharply defined vacuoles in the lymphocyte cytoplasm.
Nystagmus
MedGen UID:
45166
Concept ID:
C0028738
Disease or Syndrome
Rhythmic, involuntary oscillations of one or both eyes related to abnormality in fixation, conjugate gaze, or vestibular mechanisms.
Retinal degeneration
MedGen UID:
48432
Concept ID:
C0035304
Finding
A nonspecific term denoting degeneration of the retinal pigment epithelium and/or retinal photoreceptor cells.
Progressive visual loss
MedGen UID:
326867
Concept ID:
C1839364
Finding
A reduction of previously attained ability to see.
Fingerprint intracellular accumulation of autofluorescent lipopigment storage material
MedGen UID:
324619
Concept ID:
C1836851
Finding
An intracellular accumulation of autofluorescent lipopigment storage material in a trabecular or fingerprint-like pattern.
Curvilinear intracellular accumulation of autofluorescent lipopigment storage material
MedGen UID:
323011
Concept ID:
C1836852
Finding
An intracellular accumulation of autofluorescent lipopigment storage material in a curved pattern.
Rectilinear intracellular accumulation of autofluorescent lipopigment storage material
MedGen UID:
338055
Concept ID:
C1850447
Finding
An intracellular accumulation of autofluorescent lipopigment storage material in a straight or rectilinear pattern.

Professional guidelines

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Schmitt B, Thun-Hohenstein L, Molinari L, Superti-Furga A, Boltshauser E
Neuropediatrics 1994 Apr;25(2):78-84. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1071590. PMID: 8072679
Vanhanen SL, Raininko R, Santavuori P
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1994 Sep;15(8):1443-53. PMID: 7985561Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Schmitt B, Thun-Hohenstein L, Molinari L, Superti-Furga A, Boltshauser E
Neuropediatrics 1994 Apr;25(2):78-84. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1071590. PMID: 8072679
Vanhanen SL, Raininko R, Santavuori P
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1994 Sep;15(8):1443-53. PMID: 7985561Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Schmitt B, Thun-Hohenstein L, Molinari L, Superti-Furga A, Boltshauser E
Neuropediatrics 1994 Apr;25(2):78-84. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1071590. PMID: 8072679
Vanhanen SL, Raininko R, Santavuori P
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1994 Sep;15(8):1443-53. PMID: 7985561Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

Schmitt B, Thun-Hohenstein L, Molinari L, Superti-Furga A, Boltshauser E
Neuropediatrics 1994 Apr;25(2):78-84. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1071590. PMID: 8072679

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