MedGen

A learning disorder characterized primarily by difficulties in learning to read and spell. Dyslectic children also exhibit a tendency to read words from right to left and to confuse letters such as b and d whose orientation is important for their identification. Children with dyslexia appear to be impaired in phonemic skills (the ability to associate visual symbols with the sounds they represent). [from HPO]

Dyslexia is a disorder manifested by difficulty learning to read despite conventional instruction, adequate intelligence, and sociocultural opportunity. It is among the most common neurodevelopmental disorders, with a prevalence of 5 to 12%. Although there is evidence for familial clustering and heritability, the disorder is considered a complex multifactorial trait (Schumacher et al., 2007). Genetic Heterogeneity of Susceptibility to Dyslexia Additional dyslexia susceptibility loci include DYX2 (600202) on chromosome 6p22, DYX3 (604254) on chromosome 2p16-p15, DYX5 (606896) on chromosome 3p12-q13, DYX6 (606616) on chromosome 18p11.2, DYX8 (608995) on chromosome 1p36-p34, and DYX9 (300509) on chromosome Xq27.3. See MAPPING for other possible dyslexia susceptibility loci, including DYX4 and DYX7. [from OMIM]

Language impairment is a deficit in comprehension or production of language that includes reduced vocabulary, limited sentence structure, or impairments in written or spoken communication. Language abilities are substantially and quantifiably below age expectations. [from HPO]

A disorder characterized by an individual''s inability to comprehend or share ideas or feelings because of an impairment in language, speech, or hearing. [from NCI]

An acquired type of sensory aphasia where damage to the brain leads to the loss of the ability to read. [from HPO]

Impairment of certain skills such as reading or writing, coordination, self-control, or attention that interfere with the ability to learn. The impairment is not related to a global deficiency of intelligence. [from HPO]