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Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis

MedGen UID:
10868
•Concept ID:
C0032749
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: PKDL - Post-Kala-azar dermal leishmanioid; Post Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis; Post-Kala-azar dermal leishmanioid
SNOMED CT: Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (67896006); PKDL - Post-Kala-azar dermal leishmanioid (67896006); Post-Kala-azar dermal leishmanioid (67896006)

Definition

A cutaneous form of leishmaniasis which sometimes occurs after visceral leishmaniasis treatment. It is characterized by hypo-pigmented macules, papules, plaques, nodules, or facial erythema; and is considered to be a durable infection reservoir for visceral leishmaniasis. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVPost-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Road-map of pre-clinical treatment for Visceral Leishmaniasis.
Mazire P, Agarwal V, Roy A
Drug Dev Res 2022 Apr;83(2):317-327. Epub 2021 Dec 28 doi: 10.1002/ddr.21907. PMID: 34962315
Current and emerging medications for the treatment of leishmaniasis.
Chakravarty J, Sundar S
Expert Opin Pharmacother 2019 Jul;20(10):1251-1265. Epub 2019 May 7 doi: 10.1080/14656566.2019.1609940. PMID: 31063412
Acquired disorders with hypopigmentation: A clinical approach to diagnosis and treatment.
Saleem MD, Oussedik E, Picardo M, Schoch JJ
J Am Acad Dermatol 2019 May;80(5):1233-1250.e10. Epub 2018 Sep 17 doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2018.07.070. PMID: 30236514

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Molecular Tracking of the Leishmania Parasite.
Moulik S, Sengupta S, Chatterjee M
Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021;11:623437. Epub 2021 Feb 22 doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.623437. PMID: 33692966Free PMC Article
The immunology of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL).
Zijlstra EE
Parasit Vectors 2016 Aug 23;9(1):464. doi: 10.1186/s13071-016-1721-0. PMID: 27553063Free PMC Article
The immunological, environmental, and phylogenetic perpetrators of metastatic leishmaniasis.
Hartley MA, Drexler S, Ronet C, Beverley SM, Fasel N
Trends Parasitol 2014 Aug;30(8):412-22. Epub 2014 Jun 20 doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2014.05.006. PMID: 24954794Free PMC Article
New vaccines for neglected parasitic diseases and dengue.
Beaumier CM, Gillespie PM, Hotez PJ, Bottazzi ME
Transl Res 2013 Sep;162(3):144-55. Epub 2013 Apr 8 doi: 10.1016/j.trsl.2013.03.006. PMID: 23578479
Tinea versicolor and visceral leishmaniasis.
Hashim FA, Elhassan AM
Int J Dermatol 1994 Apr;33(4):258-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-4362.1994.tb01038.x. PMID: 8021081

Diagnosis

Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis.
Pathania YS, Budania A
QJM 2022 Jan 5;114(11):824-825. doi: 10.1093/qjmed/hcab236. PMID: 34499181
Biomarkers in Post-kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis.
Zijlstra EE
Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019;9:228. Epub 2019 Jul 31 doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00228. PMID: 31417876Free PMC Article
Acquired disorders with hypopigmentation: A clinical approach to diagnosis and treatment.
Saleem MD, Oussedik E, Picardo M, Schoch JJ
J Am Acad Dermatol 2019 May;80(5):1233-1250.e10. Epub 2018 Sep 17 doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2018.07.070. PMID: 30236514
Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis.
Zijlstra EE, Musa AM, Khalil EA, el-Hassan IM, el-Hassan AM
Lancet Infect Dis 2003 Feb;3(2):87-98. doi: 10.1016/s1473-3099(03)00517-6. PMID: 12560194
Leishmanial blepharo-conjunctivitis.
Nandy A, Addy M, Chowdhury AB
Trop Geogr Med 1991 Jul;43(3):303-6. PMID: 1667830

Therapy

Post-Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis.
Sharma A, Bishnoi A, Parsad D
Am J Trop Med Hyg 2024 Oct 2;111(4):710-712. Epub 2024 Jul 23 doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.24-0018. PMID: 39043164Free PMC Article
New vaccines for neglected parasitic diseases and dengue.
Beaumier CM, Gillespie PM, Hotez PJ, Bottazzi ME
Transl Res 2013 Sep;162(3):144-55. Epub 2013 Apr 8 doi: 10.1016/j.trsl.2013.03.006. PMID: 23578479
High-throughput screening of amastigotes of Leishmania donovani clinical isolates against drugs using a colorimetric beta-lactamase assay.
Mandal S, Maharjan M, Ganguly S, Chatterjee M, Singh S, Buckner FS, Madhubala R
Indian J Exp Biol 2009 Jun;47(6):475-9. PMID: 19634714Free PMC Article
Tinea versicolor and visceral leishmaniasis.
Hashim FA, Elhassan AM
Int J Dermatol 1994 Apr;33(4):258-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-4362.1994.tb01038.x. PMID: 8021081
Leishmanial blepharo-conjunctivitis.
Nandy A, Addy M, Chowdhury AB
Trop Geogr Med 1991 Jul;43(3):303-6. PMID: 1667830

Prognosis

Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis in the Indian subcontinent: A threat to the South-East Asia Region Kala-azar Elimination Programme.
Zijlstra EE, Alves F, Rijal S, Arana B, Alvar J
PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017 Nov;11(11):e0005877. Epub 2017 Nov 16 doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005877. PMID: 29145397Free PMC Article
Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis--an overview.
Ganguly S, Das NK, Barbhuiya JN, Chatterjee M
Int J Dermatol 2010 Aug;49(8):921-31. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2010.04558.x. PMID: 21128917
Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis.
Zijlstra EE, Musa AM, Khalil EA, el-Hassan IM, el-Hassan AM
Lancet Infect Dis 2003 Feb;3(2):87-98. doi: 10.1016/s1473-3099(03)00517-6. PMID: 12560194
Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis.
Ramesh V, Mukherjee A
Int J Dermatol 1995 Feb;34(2):85-91. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-4362.1995.tb03584.x. PMID: 7737782
Tinea versicolor and visceral leishmaniasis.
Hashim FA, Elhassan AM
Int J Dermatol 1994 Apr;33(4):258-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-4362.1994.tb01038.x. PMID: 8021081

Clinical prediction guides

Mechanisms of Immunopathogenesis in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis And Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL).
Volpedo G, Pacheco-Fernandez T, Holcomb EA, Cipriano N, Cox B, Satoskar AR
Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021;11:685296. Epub 2021 Jun 8 doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.685296. PMID: 34169006Free PMC Article
Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis: A threat to elimination program.
Gedda MR, Singh B, Kumar D, Singh AK, Madhukar P, Upadhyay S, Singh OP, Sundar S
PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020 Jul;14(7):e0008221. Epub 2020 Jul 2 doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008221. PMID: 32614818Free PMC Article
The immunological, environmental, and phylogenetic perpetrators of metastatic leishmaniasis.
Hartley MA, Drexler S, Ronet C, Beverley SM, Fasel N
Trends Parasitol 2014 Aug;30(8):412-22. Epub 2014 Jun 20 doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2014.05.006. PMID: 24954794Free PMC Article
Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis--an overview.
Ganguly S, Das NK, Barbhuiya JN, Chatterjee M
Int J Dermatol 2010 Aug;49(8):921-31. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2010.04558.x. PMID: 21128917
Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis.
Zijlstra EE, Musa AM, Khalil EA, el-Hassan IM, el-Hassan AM
Lancet Infect Dis 2003 Feb;3(2):87-98. doi: 10.1016/s1473-3099(03)00517-6. PMID: 12560194

Recent systematic reviews

Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) drug efficacy study landscape: A systematic scoping review of clinical trials and observational studies to assess the feasibility of establishing an individual participant-level data (IPD) platform.
Singh-Phulgenda S, Kumar R, Dahal P, Munir A, Rashan S, Chhajed R, Naylor C, Maguire BJ, Siddiqui NA, Harriss E, Rahi M, Alves F, Sundar S, Stepniewska K, Musa A, Guerin PJ, Pandey K
PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024 Apr;18(4):e0011635. Epub 2024 Apr 16 doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011635. PMID: 38626228Free PMC Article
The impact of leishmaniasis on mental health and psychosocial well-being: A systematic review.
Pires M, Wright B, Kaye PM, da Conceição V, Churchill RC
PLoS One 2019;14(10):e0223313. Epub 2019 Oct 17 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223313. PMID: 31622369Free PMC Article
Systematic review of biomarkers to monitor therapeutic response in leishmaniasis.
Kip AE, Balasegaram M, Beijnen JH, Schellens JH, de Vries PJ, Dorlo TP
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015 Jan;59(1):1-14. Epub 2014 Nov 3 doi: 10.1128/AAC.04298-14. PMID: 25367913Free PMC Article
Leishmaniasis as a Manifestation of Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS) in HIV-Infected Patients: A Literature Review.
Badaró R, Gonçalves LO, Gois LL, Maia ZP, Benson C, Grassi MF
J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care 2015 Sep-Oct;14(5):402-7. Epub 2014 Oct 20 doi: 10.1177/2325957414555225. PMID: 25331225Free PMC Article
Changing trends in the epidemiology, clinical presentation, and diagnosis of Leishmania-HIV co-infection in India.
Singh S
Int J Infect Dis 2014 Dec;29:103-12. Epub 2014 Oct 22 doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2014.07.011. PMID: 25449244

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