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Metastatic Malignant Neoplasm in the Thymus

MedGen UID:
146356
•Concept ID:
C0686617
•
Neoplastic Process
Synonyms: Metastasis to the Thymus; Metastasis to thymus; Metastatic malignant neoplasm of thymus; Metastatic Malignant Neoplasm to the Thymus; Metastatic malignant neoplasm to thymus; Metastatic Malignant Tumor to the Thymus; Metastatic Neoplasm to the Thymus; Metastatic Tumor to the Thymus; Secondary malignant neoplasm of thymus; Secondary Malignant Neoplasm to the Thymus; Secondary malignant tumor of thymus; Secondary Malignant Tumor to the Thymus
SNOMED CT: Secondary malignant neoplasm of thymus (94632009); Metastatic malignant neoplasm to thymus (94632009); Metastatic malignant neoplasm of thymus (94632009); Metastasis to thymus (94632009); Secondary malignant tumor of thymus (94632009)

Definition

A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the thymus from another anatomic site. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVMetastatic Malignant Neoplasm in the Thymus

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Everolimus in the treatment of metastatic thymic epithelial tumors.
Hellyer JA, Ouseph MM, Padda SK, Wakelee HA
Lung Cancer 2020 Nov;149:97-102. Epub 2020 Sep 17 doi: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2020.09.006. PMID: 33007678
Pitfalls in Challenging Thyroid Tumors: Emphasis on Differential Diagnosis and Ancillary Biomarkers.
Cameselle-Teijeiro JM, Eloy C, Sobrinho-Simões M
Endocr Pathol 2020 Sep;31(3):197-217. Epub 2020 Jul 6 doi: 10.1007/s12022-020-09638-x. PMID: 32632840Free PMC Article
Thymoma: Diagnosis and treatment.
Singh G, Rumende CM, Amin Z
Acta Med Indones 2011 Jan;43(1):74-8. PMID: 21339550

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Efficacy and Safety of Rituximab for New-Onset Generalized Myasthenia Gravis: The RINOMAX Randomized Clinical Trial.
Piehl F, Eriksson-Dufva A, Budzianowska A, Feresiadou A, Hansson W, Hietala MA, Håkansson I, Johansson R, Jons D, Kmezic I, Lindberg C, Lindh J, Lundin F, Nygren I, Punga AR, Press R, Samuelsson K, Sundström P, Wickberg O, Brauner S, Frisell T
JAMA Neurol 2022 Nov 1;79(11):1105-1112. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.2887. PMID: 36121672Free PMC Article
Overview of the 2022 WHO Classification of Thyroid Neoplasms.
Baloch ZW, Asa SL, Barletta JA, Ghossein RA, Juhlin CC, Jung CK, LiVolsi VA, Papotti MG, Sobrinho-Simões M, Tallini G, Mete O
Endocr Pathol 2022 Mar;33(1):27-63. Epub 2022 Mar 14 doi: 10.1007/s12022-022-09707-3. PMID: 35288841
Common and rare carcinomas of the thymus.
Roden AC, Szolkowska M
Virchows Arch 2021 Jan;478(1):111-128. Epub 2021 Jan 3 doi: 10.1007/s00428-020-03000-6. PMID: 33389148
Pitfalls in Challenging Thyroid Tumors: Emphasis on Differential Diagnosis and Ancillary Biomarkers.
Cameselle-Teijeiro JM, Eloy C, Sobrinho-Simões M
Endocr Pathol 2020 Sep;31(3):197-217. Epub 2020 Jul 6 doi: 10.1007/s12022-020-09638-x. PMID: 32632840Free PMC Article
Lenvatinib in patients with advanced or metastatic thymic carcinoma (REMORA): a multicentre, phase 2 trial.
Sato J, Satouchi M, Itoh S, Okuma Y, Niho S, Mizugaki H, Murakami H, Fujisaka Y, Kozuki T, Nakamura K, Nagasaka Y, Kawasaki M, Yamada T, Machida R, Kuchiba A, Ohe Y, Yamamoto N
Lancet Oncol 2020 Jun;21(6):843-850. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(20)30162-5. PMID: 32502444

Diagnosis

Overview of the 2022 WHO Classification of Thyroid Neoplasms.
Baloch ZW, Asa SL, Barletta JA, Ghossein RA, Juhlin CC, Jung CK, LiVolsi VA, Papotti MG, Sobrinho-Simões M, Tallini G, Mete O
Endocr Pathol 2022 Mar;33(1):27-63. Epub 2022 Mar 14 doi: 10.1007/s12022-022-09707-3. PMID: 35288841
Common and rare carcinomas of the thymus.
Roden AC, Szolkowska M
Virchows Arch 2021 Jan;478(1):111-128. Epub 2021 Jan 3 doi: 10.1007/s00428-020-03000-6. PMID: 33389148
Pitfalls in Challenging Thyroid Tumors: Emphasis on Differential Diagnosis and Ancillary Biomarkers.
Cameselle-Teijeiro JM, Eloy C, Sobrinho-Simões M
Endocr Pathol 2020 Sep;31(3):197-217. Epub 2020 Jul 6 doi: 10.1007/s12022-020-09638-x. PMID: 32632840Free PMC Article
Leser-Trélat Sign Secondary to Thymic Carcinoma.
Mendes GB, Zanetti G, Marchiori E
Arch Bronconeumol (Engl Ed) 2018 May;54(5):286-287. Epub 2017 Nov 3 doi: 10.1016/j.arbres.2017.08.020. PMID: 29103671
Myasthenic syndromes.
Farrugia ME
J R Coll Physicians Edinb 2011 Mar;41(1):43-7; quiz 48. doi: 10.4997/JRCPE.2011.111. PMID: 21365067

Therapy

Thymoma with pleural metastases.
Berg J, Tonev GT, Grimnes JO, Suhrke P, Hammarström C, Vu HPN
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 2023 Jun 13;143(9) Epub 2023 Jun 12 doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.22.0670. PMID: 37341399
Efficacy and Safety of Rituximab for New-Onset Generalized Myasthenia Gravis: The RINOMAX Randomized Clinical Trial.
Piehl F, Eriksson-Dufva A, Budzianowska A, Feresiadou A, Hansson W, Hietala MA, Håkansson I, Johansson R, Jons D, Kmezic I, Lindberg C, Lindh J, Lundin F, Nygren I, Punga AR, Press R, Samuelsson K, Sundström P, Wickberg O, Brauner S, Frisell T
JAMA Neurol 2022 Nov 1;79(11):1105-1112. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.2887. PMID: 36121672Free PMC Article
Lenvatinib in patients with advanced or metastatic thymic carcinoma (REMORA): a multicentre, phase 2 trial.
Sato J, Satouchi M, Itoh S, Okuma Y, Niho S, Mizugaki H, Murakami H, Fujisaka Y, Kozuki T, Nakamura K, Nagasaka Y, Kawasaki M, Yamada T, Machida R, Kuchiba A, Ohe Y, Yamamoto N
Lancet Oncol 2020 Jun;21(6):843-850. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(20)30162-5. PMID: 32502444
Myasthenic crisis.
Chaudhuri A, Behan PO
QJM 2009 Feb;102(2):97-107. Epub 2008 Dec 5 doi: 10.1093/qjmed/hcn152. PMID: 19060020
Carcinoid tumor.
Kinova S, Duris I
Bratisl Lek Listy 2001;102(11):495-504. PMID: 11901706

Prognosis

Overview of the 2022 WHO Classification of Thyroid Neoplasms.
Baloch ZW, Asa SL, Barletta JA, Ghossein RA, Juhlin CC, Jung CK, LiVolsi VA, Papotti MG, Sobrinho-Simões M, Tallini G, Mete O
Endocr Pathol 2022 Mar;33(1):27-63. Epub 2022 Mar 14 doi: 10.1007/s12022-022-09707-3. PMID: 35288841
Increased carbohydrate antigen 19-9 expression in a thymic neuroendocrine tumor.
Shimizu Y, Kanda S, Fukushima T, Kobayashi T, Kondo R, Koizumi T
Thorac Cancer 2021 Nov;12(21):2949-2952. Epub 2021 Sep 27 doi: 10.1111/1759-7714.14153. PMID: 34581018Free PMC Article
Common and rare carcinomas of the thymus.
Roden AC, Szolkowska M
Virchows Arch 2021 Jan;478(1):111-128. Epub 2021 Jan 3 doi: 10.1007/s00428-020-03000-6. PMID: 33389148
Leser-Trélat Sign Secondary to Thymic Carcinoma.
Mendes GB, Zanetti G, Marchiori E
Arch Bronconeumol (Engl Ed) 2018 May;54(5):286-287. Epub 2017 Nov 3 doi: 10.1016/j.arbres.2017.08.020. PMID: 29103671
Stage IVA thymoma: patterns of spread and surgical management.
Wright CD
Thorac Surg Clin 2011 Feb;21(1):93-7, vii. doi: 10.1016/j.thorsurg.2010.08.007. PMID: 21070990

Clinical prediction guides

Conventional and radiomic features to predict pathology in the preoperative assessment of anterior mediastinal masses.
Mayoral M, Pagano AM, Araujo-Filho JAB, Zheng J, Perez-Johnston R, Tan KS, Gibbs P, Fernandes Shepherd A, Rimner A, Simone II CB, Riely G, Huang J, Ginsberg MS
Lung Cancer 2023 Apr;178:206-212. Epub 2023 Feb 21 doi: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2023.02.014. PMID: 36871345Free PMC Article
Efficacy and Safety of Rituximab for New-Onset Generalized Myasthenia Gravis: The RINOMAX Randomized Clinical Trial.
Piehl F, Eriksson-Dufva A, Budzianowska A, Feresiadou A, Hansson W, Hietala MA, Håkansson I, Johansson R, Jons D, Kmezic I, Lindberg C, Lindh J, Lundin F, Nygren I, Punga AR, Press R, Samuelsson K, Sundström P, Wickberg O, Brauner S, Frisell T
JAMA Neurol 2022 Nov 1;79(11):1105-1112. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.2887. PMID: 36121672Free PMC Article
The Use of Sunitinib as Maintenance Therapy in a Pediatric Patient With a Poorly Differentiated Thymic Carcinoma.
Romanos-Sirakis E, Doan A, Bittman ME, Webb RL, Williamson AK, Edelman M, Hanson D, Riely GJ, Fein Levy C
J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2022 Mar 1;44(2):e605-e608. doi: 10.1097/MPH.0000000000002312. PMID: 34486558
Thymoma and thymic carcinoma.
Venuta F, Rendina EA, Anile M, de Giacomo T, Vitolo D, Coloni GF
Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012 Jan;60(1):1-12. Epub 2012 Jan 13 doi: 10.1007/s11748-011-0814-0. PMID: 22237733
Cardiac tamponade.
Knoop T, Willenberg K
Semin Oncol Nurs 1999 Aug;15(3):168-73. doi: 10.1016/s0749-2081(99)80004-7. PMID: 10461701

Recent systematic reviews

Comparative the impact intraoperative phrenic nerve sacrifice on prognosis patients with thymoma.
Ruan H, Shang X, Yan D, Liu B, Liu F, Yang Z
BMC Pulm Med 2025 Jan 19;25(1):27. doi: 10.1186/s12890-025-03498-z. PMID: 39827091
Postoperative Radiotherapy for Completely Resected Masaoka/Masaoka-Koga Stage II/III Thymoma Improves Overall Survival: An Updated Meta-Analysis of 4746 Patients.
Tateishi Y, Horita N, Namkoong H, Enomoto T, Takeda A, Kaneko T
J Thorac Oncol 2021 Apr;16(4):677-685. Epub 2021 Jan 27 doi: 10.1016/j.jtho.2020.12.023. PMID: 33515812
Pathological and clinical features of enteric adenocarcinoma of the thymus. A pooled analysis of cases from a reference center and systematic review of the literature.
Conforti F, Tarantino P, Trillo P, Pala L, Zagami P, Pirola S, Di Venosa B, Catania C, Queirolo P, Pennacchioli E, Della Vigna P, Curigliano G, De Pas TM
Cancer Treat Rev 2021 Jan;92:102133. Epub 2020 Dec 3 doi: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2020.102133. PMID: 33296826
Adjuvant radiotherapy for thymic epithelial tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Korst RJ, Kansler AL, Christos PJ, Mandal S
Ann Thorac Surg 2009 May;87(5):1641-7. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2008.11.022. PMID: 19379938
Primary intrapulmonary thymoma: a systematic review.
Myers PO, Kritikos N, Bongiovanni M, Triponez F, Collaud S, Pache JC, Robert JH
Eur J Surg Oncol 2007 Dec;33(10):1137-41. Epub 2007 Apr 17 doi: 10.1016/j.ejso.2007.02.033. PMID: 17442530

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