U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Tardive dyskinesia

MedGen UID:
151939
•Concept ID:
C0686347
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Dyskinesia, Tardive; Dyskinesias, Tardive; Dystonia, Tardive; Dystonias, Tardive; Tardive Dyskinesia; Tardive Dyskinesias; Tardive Dystonia; Tardive Dystonias
 
HPO: HP:0040141
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0010096
OMIM®: 272620

Definition

Tardive dyskinesia is a debilitating motor disorder manifest as hyperkinetic, involuntary, repetitive movements predominantly of the orofacial region. It is a complication of treatment with so-called typical antipsychotic or neuroleptic agents, such as chlorpromazine or haloperidol, and is estimated to occur in 20 to 30% of chronic schizophrenics on long-term treatment (Thelma et al., 2008). [from OMIM]

Clinical features

From HPO
Akathisia
MedGen UID:
97881
•Concept ID:
C0392156
•
Sign or Symptom
A state of motor restlessness, usually in the lower extremities, that is often but not always accompanied by a subjective sense of inner restlessness, an urge to move, and anxiety or dysphoria.
See: Feature record | Search on this feature
Tardive dyskinesia
MedGen UID:
151939
•Concept ID:
C0686347
•
Disease or Syndrome
Tardive dyskinesia is a debilitating motor disorder manifest as hyperkinetic, involuntary, repetitive movements predominantly of the orofacial region. It is a complication of treatment with so-called typical antipsychotic or neuroleptic agents, such as chlorpromazine or haloperidol, and is estimated to occur in 20 to 30% of chronic schizophrenics on long-term treatment (Thelma et al., 2008).
See: Feature record | Search on this feature

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVTardive dyskinesia

Conditions with this feature

Tardive dyskinesia
MedGen UID:
151939
•Concept ID:
C0686347
•
Disease or Syndrome
Tardive dyskinesia is a debilitating motor disorder manifest as hyperkinetic, involuntary, repetitive movements predominantly of the orofacial region. It is a complication of treatment with so-called typical antipsychotic or neuroleptic agents, such as chlorpromazine or haloperidol, and is estimated to occur in 20 to 30% of chronic schizophrenics on long-term treatment (Thelma et al., 2008).
See: Condition Record
Tardive dyskinesia

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Pharmacotherapy for Treatment-Resistant Depression: Antidepressants and Atypical Antipsychotics.
Vas C, Jain A, Trivedi M, Jha MK, Mathew SJ
Psychiatr Clin North Am 2023 Jun;46(2):261-275. Epub 2023 Mar 25 doi: 10.1016/j.psc.2023.02.012. PMID: 37149344
Current Management of Tics and Tourette Syndrome: Behavioral, Pharmacologic, and Surgical Treatments.
Billnitzer A, Jankovic J
Neurotherapeutics 2020 Oct;17(4):1681-1693. doi: 10.1007/s13311-020-00914-6. PMID: 32856174Free PMC Article
Treatment of Tardive Dyskinesia.
Bashir HH, Jankovic J
Neurol Clin 2020 May;38(2):379-396. Epub 2020 Feb 28 doi: 10.1016/j.ncl.2020.01.004. PMID: 32279716

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Gastroparesis.
Cangemi DJ, Lacy BE
Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2021 Nov 1;37(6):596-601. doi: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000782. PMID: 34560721
The psychopharmacology of catatonia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, akathisia, tardive dyskinesia, and dystonia.
Sienaert P, van Harten P, Rhebergen D
Handb Clin Neurol 2019;165:415-428. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-64012-3.00025-3. PMID: 31727227
Treatment Recommendations for Tardive Dyskinesia.
Ricciardi L, Pringsheim T, Barnes TRE, Martino D, Gardner D, Remington G, Addington D, Morgante F, Poole N, Carson A, Edwards M
Can J Psychiatry 2019 Jun;64(6):388-399. Epub 2019 Feb 21 doi: 10.1177/0706743719828968. PMID: 30791698Free PMC Article
Tardive syndromes.
Savitt D, Jankovic J
J Neurol Sci 2018 Jun 15;389:35-42. Epub 2018 Feb 5 doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2018.02.005. PMID: 29506749
Tardive Dyskinesia Prevalence in the Period of Second-Generation Antipsychotic Use: A Meta-Analysis.
Carbon M, Hsieh CH, Kane JM, Correll CU
J Clin Psychiatry 2017 Mar;78(3):e264-e278. doi: 10.4088/JCP.16r10832. PMID: 28146614

Diagnosis

Differentiating tardive dyskinesia: a video-based review of antipsychotic-induced movement disorders in clinical practice.
Hauser RA, Meyer JM, Factor SA, Comella CL, Tanner CM, Xavier RM, Caroff SN, Lundt L
CNS Spectr 2022 Apr;27(2):208-217. Epub 2020 Nov 20 doi: 10.1017/S109285292000200X. PMID: 33213556Free PMC Article
Gastroparesis.
Cangemi DJ, Lacy BE
Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2021 Nov 1;37(6):596-601. doi: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000782. PMID: 34560721
Tardive Syndromes.
Friedman JH
Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2019 Aug;25(4):1081-1098. doi: 10.1212/CON.0000000000000754. PMID: 31356294
Tardive syndromes.
Savitt D, Jankovic J
J Neurol Sci 2018 Jun 15;389:35-42. Epub 2018 Feb 5 doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2018.02.005. PMID: 29506749
Antipsychotic-Induced Dopamine Supersensitivity Psychosis: Pharmacology, Criteria, and Therapy.
Chouinard G, Samaha AN, Chouinard VA, Peretti CS, Kanahara N, Takase M, Iyo M
Psychother Psychosom 2017;86(4):189-219. Epub 2017 Jun 24 doi: 10.1159/000477313. PMID: 28647739

Therapy

Current Management of Tics and Tourette Syndrome: Behavioral, Pharmacologic, and Surgical Treatments.
Billnitzer A, Jankovic J
Neurotherapeutics 2020 Oct;17(4):1681-1693. doi: 10.1007/s13311-020-00914-6. PMID: 32856174Free PMC Article
Tardive Syndromes.
Friedman JH
Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2019 Aug;25(4):1081-1098. doi: 10.1212/CON.0000000000000754. PMID: 31356294
KINECT 3: A Phase 3 Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Valbenazine for Tardive Dyskinesia.
Hauser RA, Factor SA, Marder SR, Knesevich MA, Ramirez PM, Jimenez R, Burke J, Liang GS, O'Brien CF
Am J Psychiatry 2017 May 1;174(5):476-484. Epub 2017 Mar 21 doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16091037. PMID: 28320223
Tardive Dyskinesia Prevalence in the Period of Second-Generation Antipsychotic Use: A Meta-Analysis.
Carbon M, Hsieh CH, Kane JM, Correll CU
J Clin Psychiatry 2017 Mar;78(3):e264-e278. doi: 10.4088/JCP.16r10832. PMID: 28146614
Tardive dyskinesia.
Soares-Weiser K, Fernandez HH
Semin Neurol 2007 Apr;27(2):159-69. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-971169. PMID: 17390261

Prognosis

Gastroparesis, metoclopramide, and tardive dyskinesia: Risk revisited.
Al-Saffar A, Lennernäs H, Hellström PM
Neurogastroenterol Motil 2019 Nov;31(11):e13617. Epub 2019 May 2 doi: 10.1111/nmo.13617. PMID: 31050085
Tardive dyskinesia: Who gets it and why.
Frei K
Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2019 Feb;59:151-154. Epub 2018 Nov 15 doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.11.017. PMID: 30522959
Tardive syndromes.
Savitt D, Jankovic J
J Neurol Sci 2018 Jun 15;389:35-42. Epub 2018 Feb 5 doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2018.02.005. PMID: 29506749
Tardive dyskinesia.
Casey DE
West J Med 1990 Nov;153(5):535-41. PMID: 1979705Free PMC Article
Tardive dyskinesia.
Gerlach J, Casey DE
Acta Psychiatr Scand 1988 Apr;77(4):369-78. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1988.tb05138.x. PMID: 2898870

Clinical prediction guides

Antipsychotic-induced extrapyramidal side effects: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.
Ali T, Sisay M, Tariku M, Mekuria AN, Desalew A
PLoS One 2021;16(9):e0257129. Epub 2021 Sep 10 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257129. PMID: 34506552Free PMC Article
Tardive dyskinesia: Who gets it and why.
Frei K
Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2019 Feb;59:151-154. Epub 2018 Nov 15 doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.11.017. PMID: 30522959
Functional (psychogenic) stereotypies.
Baizabal-Carvallo JF, Jankovic J
J Neurol 2017 Jul;264(7):1482-1487. Epub 2017 Jun 26 doi: 10.1007/s00415-017-8551-7. PMID: 28653211
Antipsychotic-Induced Dopamine Supersensitivity Psychosis: Pharmacology, Criteria, and Therapy.
Chouinard G, Samaha AN, Chouinard VA, Peretti CS, Kanahara N, Takase M, Iyo M
Psychother Psychosom 2017;86(4):189-219. Epub 2017 Jun 24 doi: 10.1159/000477313. PMID: 28647739
KINECT 3: A Phase 3 Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Valbenazine for Tardive Dyskinesia.
Hauser RA, Factor SA, Marder SR, Knesevich MA, Ramirez PM, Jimenez R, Burke J, Liang GS, O'Brien CF
Am J Psychiatry 2017 May 1;174(5):476-484. Epub 2017 Mar 21 doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16091037. PMID: 28320223

Recent systematic reviews

Non-Psychosis Symptoms of Clozapine Withdrawal: a Systematic Review.
Yee B, Looi JCL, Agaciak M, Allison S, Chan SKW, Bastiampillai T
East Asian Arch Psychiatry 2023 Jun;33(2):44-64. doi: 10.12809/eaap2261. PMID: 37400227
Antipsychotic-induced extrapyramidal side effects: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.
Ali T, Sisay M, Tariku M, Mekuria AN, Desalew A
PLoS One 2021;16(9):e0257129. Epub 2021 Sep 10 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257129. PMID: 34506552Free PMC Article
Treatment Recommendations for Tardive Dyskinesia.
Ricciardi L, Pringsheim T, Barnes TRE, Martino D, Gardner D, Remington G, Addington D, Morgante F, Poole N, Carson A, Edwards M
Can J Psychiatry 2019 Jun;64(6):388-399. Epub 2019 Feb 21 doi: 10.1177/0706743719828968. PMID: 30791698Free PMC Article
Treatment of tardive dyskinesia with VMAT-2 inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Solmi M, Pigato G, Kane JM, Correll CU
Drug Des Devel Ther 2018;12:1215-1238. Epub 2018 May 14 doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S133205. PMID: 29795977Free PMC Article
Valproate for schizophrenia.
Schwarz C, Volz A, Li C, Leucht S
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008 Jul 16;(3):CD004028. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004028.pub3. PMID: 18646098

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Clinical resources

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.
    • Bookshelf
      See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Consumer resources

    Reviews

    Related information

    • OMIM
      Related records in OMIM
    • PMC Articles
      Related information in PubMed Central Links
    • PubMed
      Related literature resources in PubMed
    • PubMed (OMIM)
      Related literature resources in PubMed

    Recent activity

    Clear Turn Off Turn On

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...