U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Abnormal medial rectus muscle physiology

MedGen UID:
1643941
•Concept ID:
C4703413
•
Pathologic Function
HPO: HP:0025606

Definition

A functional anomaly of the medial rectus muscle, an extraocular muscle that is innervated by the inferior division of the oculomotor nerve and whose sole action is the adduction of the eyeball. [from HPO]

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Impact of Adding Augmented Superior Rectus Transpositions to Medial Rectus Muscle Recessions When Treating Esotropic Moebius Syndrome.
Warkad VU, Hunter DG, Dagi AF, Mackinnon S, Kazlas MA, Heidary G, Staffa SJ, Dagi LR
Am J Ophthalmol 2022 May;237:83-90. Epub 2021 Nov 13 doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2021.11.006. PMID: 34780796
Surgical outcome of exotropic Duane syndrome.
Fouad HM, Awadein A, Youssef AA, Saeed H, Shousha SM
Semin Ophthalmol 2020 Jan 2;35(1):66-77. Epub 2020 Mar 4 doi: 10.1080/08820538.2020.1730915. PMID: 32126862
Rectus Extraocular Muscle Size and Pulley Location in Concomitant and Pattern Exotropia.
Hao R, Suh SY, Le A, Demer JL
Ophthalmology 2016 Sep;123(9):2004-12. Epub 2016 Jul 19 doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.05.053. PMID: 27448831Free PMC Article
Classifying medial rectus muscle attachment in consecutive exotropia.
Jung JH, Leske DA, Holmes JM
J AAPOS 2016 Jun;20(3):197-200. Epub 2016 May 6 doi: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2016.02.008. PMID: 27164430Free PMC Article
The Role of Extraocular Muscle Pulleys in Incomitant Non-Paralytic Strabismus.
Clark RA
Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol 2015 Jul-Sep;22(3):279-85. doi: 10.4103/0974-9233.159698. PMID: 26180464Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Impact of Adding Augmented Superior Rectus Transpositions to Medial Rectus Muscle Recessions When Treating Esotropic Moebius Syndrome.
Warkad VU, Hunter DG, Dagi AF, Mackinnon S, Kazlas MA, Heidary G, Staffa SJ, Dagi LR
Am J Ophthalmol 2022 May;237:83-90. Epub 2021 Nov 13 doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2021.11.006. PMID: 34780796
Intraoperative Findings in Consecutive Exotropia with and without Adduction Deficit.
Hatt SR, Leske DA, Jung JH, Holmes JM
Ophthalmology 2017 Jun;124(6):828-834. Epub 2017 Feb 24 doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2017.01.031. PMID: 28238457Free PMC Article
Duane syndrome with prominent oculo-auricular phenomenon.
Gilbert AL, Hunter DG
J AAPOS 2017 Apr;21(2):165-167. Epub 2016 Dec 10 doi: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2016.09.017. PMID: 27965142
The Role of Extraocular Muscle Pulleys in Incomitant Non-Paralytic Strabismus.
Clark RA
Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol 2015 Jul-Sep;22(3):279-85. doi: 10.4103/0974-9233.159698. PMID: 26180464Free PMC Article
Variable synergistic divergence.
Kim JH, Hwang JM
Optom Vis Sci 2009 Dec;86(12):1386-8. doi: 10.1097/OPX.0b013e3181be9db3. PMID: 19826317

Therapy

Newly developed abnormal head position and secondary esotropia after strabismus surgery for children with intermittent exotropia.
Shen T, Kang Y, Lin X, Wu H, Yan J
Int Ophthalmol 2022 Oct;42(10):2965-2972. Epub 2022 Jan 27 doi: 10.1007/s10792-021-02173-6. PMID: 35083599
Gait performance and foot pressure distribution during wearable robot-assisted gait in elderly adults.
Lee SH, Lee HJ, Chang WH, Choi BO, Lee J, Kim J, Ryu GH, Kim YH
J Neuroeng Rehabil 2017 Nov 28;14(1):123. doi: 10.1186/s12984-017-0333-z. PMID: 29183379Free PMC Article
Botulinum Toxin as an Alternative to Treat the Spasm of the Near Reflex.
Laria C, Merino-Suárez ML, Piñero DP, Gómez-Hurtado A, Pérez-Cambrodí RJ
Semin Ophthalmol 2015;30(5-6):393-6. Epub 2014 May 8 doi: 10.3109/08820538.2014.912337. PMID: 24809739
Assessment of torsion after superior rectus transposition with or without medial rectus recession for Duane syndrome and abducens nerve palsy.
Velez FG, Oltra E, Isenberg SJ, Pineles SL
J AAPOS 2014 Oct;18(5):457-60. Epub 2014 Sep 27 doi: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2014.06.008. PMID: 25266834Free PMC Article
Facial nerve injury during external dacryocystorhinostomy.
Vagefi MR, Winn BJ, Lin CC, Sires BS, LauKaitis SJ, Anderson RL, McCann JD
Ophthalmology 2009 Mar;116(3):585-90. Epub 2008 Dec 16 doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2008.09.050. PMID: 19091406

Prognosis

Newly developed abnormal head position and secondary esotropia after strabismus surgery for children with intermittent exotropia.
Shen T, Kang Y, Lin X, Wu H, Yan J
Int Ophthalmol 2022 Oct;42(10):2965-2972. Epub 2022 Jan 27 doi: 10.1007/s10792-021-02173-6. PMID: 35083599
Surgical outcome of exotropic Duane syndrome.
Fouad HM, Awadein A, Youssef AA, Saeed H, Shousha SM
Semin Ophthalmol 2020 Jan 2;35(1):66-77. Epub 2020 Mar 4 doi: 10.1080/08820538.2020.1730915. PMID: 32126862
Long-term outcomes of strabismus surgery in Mobius sequence.
Lueder GT, Galli M
Strabismus 2019 Jun;27(2):43-46. Epub 2019 Apr 8 doi: 10.1080/09273972.2019.1599402. PMID: 30958093
Characteristics and surgical outcomes of consecutive exotropia of different etiologies.
Sawada M, Hikoya A, Negishi T, Hotta Y, Sato M
Jpn J Ophthalmol 2015 Sep;59(5):335-40. Epub 2015 Aug 6 doi: 10.1007/s10384-015-0395-z. PMID: 26243693
Pearls & Oy-sters: The medial longitudinal fasciculus in ocular motor physiology.
Frohman TC, Galetta S, Fox R, Solomon D, Straumann D, Filippi M, Zee D, Frohman EM
Neurology 2008 Apr 22;70(17):e57-67. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000310640.37810.b3. PMID: 18427066

Clinical prediction guides

Long-term outcomes of strabismus surgery in Mobius sequence.
Lueder GT, Galli M
Strabismus 2019 Jun;27(2):43-46. Epub 2019 Apr 8 doi: 10.1080/09273972.2019.1599402. PMID: 30958093
Manipulating post-stroke gait: Exploiting aberrant kinematics.
Reissman ME, Gordon KE, Dhaher YY
J Biomech 2018 Jan 23;67:129-136. Epub 2017 Dec 6 doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2017.11.031. PMID: 29248191
The limits of stability and muscle activity in middle-aged adults during static and dynamic stance.
Ku PX, Abu Osman NA, Wan Abas WAB
J Biomech 2016 Dec 8;49(16):3943-3948. Epub 2016 Nov 10 doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.11.006. PMID: 27865478
The Role of Extraocular Muscle Pulleys in Incomitant Non-Paralytic Strabismus.
Clark RA
Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol 2015 Jul-Sep;22(3):279-85. doi: 10.4103/0974-9233.159698. PMID: 26180464Free PMC Article
Results of bilateral medial rectus muscle recession in unilateral esotropic Duane syndrome.
Farvardin M, Rad AH, Ashrafzadeh A
J AAPOS 2009 Aug;13(4):339-42. doi: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2009.04.014. PMID: 19683185

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Clinical resources

    Consumer resources

    Reviews

    Related information

    • PubMed
      Related literature resources in PubMed

    Recent activity

    Clear Turn Off Turn On

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...