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Galloway-Mowat syndrome 6(GAMOS6)

MedGen UID:
1674560
Concept ID:
C5193043
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: GALLOWAY-MOWAT SYNDROME 6; GAMOS6
 
Gene (location): WDR4 (21q22.3)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0032691
OMIM®: 618347

Definition

Galloway-Mowat syndrome is a phenotypically heterogeneous disorder characterized by neurodevelopmental defects combined with renal-glomerular disease manifest as nephrotic syndrome and proteinuria. Most patients with GAMOS6 also have growth deficiency with variable microcephaly, and the renal disease may be age-dependent. Additional variable endocrine abnormalities have also been reported (summary by Braun et al., 2018). For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of GAMOS, see GAMOS1 (251300). [from OMIM]

Clinical features

From HPO
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
MedGen UID:
4904
Concept ID:
C0017668
Disease or Syndrome
Segmental accumulation of scar tissue in individual (but not all) glomeruli.
Nephrotic syndrome
MedGen UID:
10308
Concept ID:
C0027726
Disease or Syndrome
Nephrotic syndrome is a collection of findings resulting from glomerular dysfunction with an increase in glomerular capillary wall permeability associated with pronounced proteinuria. Nephrotic syndrome refers to the constellation of clinical findings that result from severe renal loss of protein, with Proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia, edema, and hyperlipidemia.
Proteinuria
MedGen UID:
10976
Concept ID:
C0033687
Finding
Increased levels of protein in the urine.
Clinodactyly of the 5th finger
MedGen UID:
340456
Concept ID:
C1850049
Congenital Abnormality
Clinodactyly refers to a bending or curvature of the fifth finger in the radial direction (i.e., towards the 4th finger).
Fetal growth restriction
MedGen UID:
4693
Concept ID:
C0015934
Pathologic Function
An abnormal restriction of fetal growth with fetal weight below the tenth percentile for gestational age.
Short stature
MedGen UID:
87607
Concept ID:
C0349588
Finding
A height below that which is expected according to age and gender norms. Although there is no universally accepted definition of short stature, many refer to "short stature" as height more than 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender (or below the 3rd percentile for age and gender dependent norms).
Growth delay
MedGen UID:
99124
Concept ID:
C0456070
Pathologic Function
A deficiency or slowing down of growth pre- and postnatally.
Decreased body weight
MedGen UID:
1806755
Concept ID:
C5574742
Finding
Abnormally low body weight.
Seizure
MedGen UID:
20693
Concept ID:
C0036572
Sign or Symptom
A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.
Sleep abnormality
MedGen UID:
52372
Concept ID:
C0037317
Finding
An abnormal pattern in the quality, quantity, or characteristics of sleep.
Motor stereotypies
MedGen UID:
21318
Concept ID:
C0038271
Individual Behavior
Use of the same abnormal action in response to certain triggers or at random. They may be used as a way to regulate one's internal state but must otherwise have no apparent functional purpose.
Delayed ability to walk
MedGen UID:
66034
Concept ID:
C0241726
Finding
A failure to achieve the ability to walk at an appropriate developmental stage. Most children learn to walk in a series of stages, and learn to walk short distances independently between 12 and 15 months.
Delayed speech and language development
MedGen UID:
105318
Concept ID:
C0454644
Finding
A degree of language development that is significantly below the norm for a child of a specified age.
Global developmental delay
MedGen UID:
107838
Concept ID:
C0557874
Finding
A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age.
Cerebellar atrophy
MedGen UID:
196624
Concept ID:
C0740279
Disease or Syndrome
Cerebellar atrophy is defined as a cerebellum with initially normal structures, in a posterior fossa with normal size, which displays enlarged fissures (interfolial spaces) in comparison to the foliae secondary to loss of tissue. Cerebellar atrophy implies irreversible loss of tissue and result from an ongoing progressive disease until a final stage is reached or a single injury, e.g. an intoxication or infectious event.
Cerebellar vermis atrophy
MedGen UID:
149271
Concept ID:
C0742028
Disease or Syndrome
Wasting (atrophy) of the vermis of cerebellum.
Paroxysmal bursts of laughter
MedGen UID:
374299
Concept ID:
C1839749
Finding
Motor delay
MedGen UID:
381392
Concept ID:
C1854301
Finding
A type of Developmental delay characterized by a delay in acquiring motor skills.
Intellectual disability
MedGen UID:
811461
Concept ID:
C3714756
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Intellectual disability, previously referred to as mental retardation, is characterized by subnormal intellectual functioning that occurs during the developmental period. It is defined by an IQ score below 70.
Delayed skeletal maturation
MedGen UID:
108148
Concept ID:
C0541764
Finding
A decreased rate of skeletal maturation. Delayed skeletal maturation can be diagnosed on the basis of an estimation of the bone age from radiographs of specific bones in the human body.
Microcephaly
MedGen UID:
1644158
Concept ID:
C4551563
Finding
Head circumference below 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender.
Hypoalbuminemia
MedGen UID:
68694
Concept ID:
C0239981
Finding
Reduction in the concentration of albumin in the blood.
Wide mouth
MedGen UID:
44238
Concept ID:
C0024433
Congenital Abnormality
Distance between the oral commissures more than 2 SD above the mean. Alternatively, an apparently increased width of the oral aperture (subjective).
Microdontia
MedGen UID:
66008
Concept ID:
C0240340
Congenital Abnormality
Decreased size of the teeth, which can be defined as a mesiodistal tooth diameter (width) more than 2 SD below mean. Alternatively, an apparently decreased maximum width of tooth.
High palate
MedGen UID:
66814
Concept ID:
C0240635
Congenital Abnormality
Height of the palate more than 2 SD above the mean (objective) or palatal height at the level of the first permanent molar more than twice the height of the teeth (subjective).
Epicanthus
MedGen UID:
151862
Concept ID:
C0678230
Congenital Abnormality
Epicanthus is a condition in which a fold of skin stretches from the upper to the lower eyelid, partially covering the inner canthus. Usher (1935) noted that epicanthus is a normal finding in the fetus of all races. Epicanthus also occurs in association with hereditary ptosis (110100).
Anteverted nares
MedGen UID:
326648
Concept ID:
C1840077
Finding
Anteriorly-facing nostrils viewed with the head in the Frankfurt horizontal and the eyes of the observer level with the eyes of the subject. This gives the appearance of an upturned nose (upturned nasal tip).
Downturned corners of mouth
MedGen UID:
356471
Concept ID:
C1866195
Anatomical Abnormality
A morphological abnormality of the mouth in which the angle of the mouth is downturned. The oral commissures are positioned inferior to the midline labial fissure.
Periorbital fullness
MedGen UID:
1710990
Concept ID:
C4760994
Finding
Increase in periorbital soft tissue.
Hypothyroidism
MedGen UID:
6991
Concept ID:
C0020676
Disease or Syndrome
Deficiency of thyroid hormone.
Decreased response to growth hormone stimulation test
MedGen UID:
1784655
Concept ID:
C5539399
Finding
Insufficient responses to growth hormone (GH) provocation tests. GH deficiency is defined as a serum peak GH concentration less than 10 ng/mL on provocation with a combination of at least two separate stimulation tests.

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Lin PY, Tseng MH, Zenker M, Rao J, Hildebrandt F, Lin SH, Lin CC, Chang JH, Hsu CH, Lee MD, Lin SP, Tsai JD
Orphanet J Rare Dis 2018 Dec 17;13(1):226. doi: 10.1186/s13023-018-0961-9. PMID: 30558655Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Lin PY, Tseng MH, Zenker M, Rao J, Hildebrandt F, Lin SH, Lin CC, Chang JH, Hsu CH, Lee MD, Lin SP, Tsai JD
Orphanet J Rare Dis 2018 Dec 17;13(1):226. doi: 10.1186/s13023-018-0961-9. PMID: 30558655Free PMC Article
Wang PZT, Prasad C, Rodriguez Cuellar CI, Filler G
Pediatr Nephrol 2018 Nov;33(11):2201-2204. Epub 2018 Aug 23 doi: 10.1007/s00467-018-4060-x. PMID: 30141175
Ben-Omran T, Fahiminiya S, Sorfazlian N, Almuriekhi M, Nawaz Z, Nadaf J, Khadija KA, Zaineddin S, Kamel H, Majewski J, Tropepe V
J Med Genet 2015 Jun;52(6):381-90. Epub 2015 Apr 14 doi: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2014-102707. PMID: 25873735
Pezzella M, Yeghiazaryan NS, Veggiotti P, Bettinelli A, Giudizioso G, Zara F, Striano P, Minetti C
Seizure 2010 Mar;19(2):132-5. Epub 2010 Jan 18 doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2009.12.002. PMID: 20083416
Sano H, Miyanoshita A, Watanabe N, Koga Y, Miyazawa Y, Yamaguchi Y, Fukushima Y, Itami N
Pediatr Nephrol 1995 Dec;9(6):711-4. doi: 10.1007/BF00868718. PMID: 8747110

Therapy

Fujita A, Tsukaguchi H, Koshimizu E, Nakazato H, Itoh K, Kuraoka S, Komohara Y, Shiina M, Nakamura S, Kitajima M, Tsurusaki Y, Miyatake S, Ogata K, Iijima K, Matsumoto N, Miyake N
Ann Neurol 2018 Dec;84(6):814-828. doi: 10.1002/ana.25370. PMID: 30427554

Prognosis

Sartelet H, Pietrement C, Noel LH, Sabouraud P, Birembaut P, Oligny LL, Roussel B, Doco-Fenzy M
Pathol Res Pract 2008;204(6):401-6. Epub 2008 Feb 13 doi: 10.1016/j.prp.2007.12.007. PMID: 18276083
Steiss JO, Gross S, Neubauer BA, Hahn A
Neuropediatrics 2005 Oct;36(5):332-5. doi: 10.1055/s-2005-872842. PMID: 16217710

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