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Intellectual disability, autosomal dominant 40(NEDHILD)

MedGen UID:
1810363
Concept ID:
C5676894
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: NEDHILD; NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER WITH HYPOTONIA, IMPAIRED LANGUAGE, AND DYSMORPHIC FEATURES
 
Gene (location): CHAMP1 (13q34)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0014699
OMIM®: 616579

Definition

Neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia, impaired language, and dysmorphic features (NEDHILD) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder associated with impaired intellectual development, speech and language impairment, microcephaly, seizures, hypotonia, ophthalmologic issues, constipation/gastroesophageal reflux, and behavioral problems, including autism and sleep disturbances (summary by Garrity et al., 2021). [from OMIM]

Clinical features

From HPO
Feeding difficulties
MedGen UID:
65429
Concept ID:
C0232466
Finding
Impaired ability to eat related to problems gathering food and getting ready to suck, chew, or swallow it.
Gastroesophageal reflux
MedGen UID:
1368658
Concept ID:
C4317146
Finding
A condition in which the stomach contents leak backwards from the stomach into the esophagus through the lower esophageal sphincter.
Low-set ears
MedGen UID:
65980
Concept ID:
C0239234
Congenital Abnormality
Upper insertion of the ear to the scalp below an imaginary horizontal line drawn between the inner canthi of the eye and extending posteriorly to the ear.
Dysarthria
MedGen UID:
8510
Concept ID:
C0013362
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Dysarthric speech is a general description referring to a neurological speech disorder characterized by poor articulation. Depending on the involved neurological structures, dysarthria may be further classified as spastic, flaccid, ataxic, hyperkinetic and hypokinetic, or mixed.
Motor stereotypies
MedGen UID:
21318
Concept ID:
C0038271
Individual Behavior
Use of the same abnormal action in response to certain triggers or at random. They may be used as a way to regulate one's internal state but must otherwise have no apparent functional purpose.
Delayed ability to walk
MedGen UID:
66034
Concept ID:
C0241726
Finding
A failure to achieve the ability to walk at an appropriate developmental stage. Most children learn to walk in a series of stages, and learn to walk short distances independently between 12 and 15 months.
Delayed speech and language development
MedGen UID:
105318
Concept ID:
C0454644
Finding
A degree of language development that is significantly below the norm for a child of a specified age.
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
MedGen UID:
101045
Concept ID:
C0520679
Disease or Syndrome
Obstructive sleep apnea is a common, chronic, complex disease associated with serious cardiovascular and neuropsychologic sequelae and with substantial social and economic costs (Palmer et al., 2003).
Incoordination
MedGen UID:
141714
Concept ID:
C0520966
Finding
Global developmental delay
MedGen UID:
107838
Concept ID:
C0557874
Finding
A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age.
Gait ataxia
MedGen UID:
155642
Concept ID:
C0751837
Sign or Symptom
A type of ataxia characterized by the impairment of the ability to coordinate the movements required for normal walking. Gait ataxia is characteirzed by a wide-based staggering gait with a tendency to fall.
Impaired pain sensation
MedGen UID:
373348
Concept ID:
C1837522
Finding
Reduced ability to perceive painful stimuli.
Motor delay
MedGen UID:
381392
Concept ID:
C1854301
Finding
A type of Developmental delay characterized by a delay in acquiring motor skills.
Absent speech
MedGen UID:
340737
Concept ID:
C1854882
Finding
Complete lack of development of speech and language abilities.
Intellectual disability
MedGen UID:
811461
Concept ID:
C3714756
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Intellectual disability, previously referred to as mental retardation, is characterized by subnormal intellectual functioning that occurs during the developmental period. It is defined by an IQ score below 70.
Delayed CNS myelination
MedGen UID:
867393
Concept ID:
C4021758
Anatomical Abnormality
Delayed myelination in the central nervous system.
Overfriendliness
MedGen UID:
867995
Concept ID:
C4022386
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
A form of hypersociability that presents as mostly inappropriate friendliness towards others.
Brain atrophy
MedGen UID:
1643639
Concept ID:
C4551584
Disease or Syndrome
Partial or complete wasting (loss) of brain tissue that was once present.
Umbilical hernia
MedGen UID:
9232
Concept ID:
C0019322
Anatomical Abnormality
Protrusion of abdominal contents through a defect in the abdominal wall musculature around the umbilicus. Skin and subcutaneous tissue overlie the defect.
Hypotonia
MedGen UID:
10133
Concept ID:
C0026827
Finding
Hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle). Even when relaxed, muscles have a continuous and passive partial contraction which provides some resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia thus manifests as diminished resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness, although the two conditions can co-exist.
Diastasis recti
MedGen UID:
113171
Concept ID:
C0221766
Disease or Syndrome
A separation of the rectus abdominis muscle into right and left halves (which are normally joined at the midline at the linea alba).
Plagiocephaly
MedGen UID:
78562
Concept ID:
C0265529
Congenital Abnormality
Asymmetric head shape, which is usually a combination of unilateral occipital flattening with ipsilateral frontal prominence, leading to rhomboid cranial shape.
Joint hypermobility
MedGen UID:
336793
Concept ID:
C1844820
Finding
The capability that a joint (or a group of joints) has to move, passively and/or actively, beyond normal limits along physiological axes.
Facial hypotonia
MedGen UID:
336889
Concept ID:
C1845251
Finding
Reduced muscle tone of a muscle that is innervated by the facial nerve (the seventh cranial nerve).
Microcephaly
MedGen UID:
1644158
Concept ID:
C4551563
Finding
Head circumference below 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender.
Recurrent respiratory infections
MedGen UID:
812812
Concept ID:
C3806482
Finding
An increased susceptibility to respiratory infections as manifested by a history of recurrent respiratory infections.
Drooling
MedGen UID:
8484
Concept ID:
C0013132
Finding
Habitual flow of saliva out of the mouth.
Open mouth
MedGen UID:
116104
Concept ID:
C0240379
Finding
A facial appearance characterized by a permanently or nearly permanently opened mouth.
High palate
MedGen UID:
66814
Concept ID:
C0240635
Congenital Abnormality
Height of the palate more than 2 SD above the mean (objective) or palatal height at the level of the first permanent molar more than twice the height of the teeth (subjective).
Upslanted palpebral fissure
MedGen UID:
98390
Concept ID:
C0423109
Finding
The palpebral fissure inclination is more than two standard deviations above the mean for age (objective); or, the inclination of the palpebral fissure is greater than typical for age.
Epicanthus
MedGen UID:
151862
Concept ID:
C0678230
Congenital Abnormality
Epicanthus is a condition in which a fold of skin stretches from the upper to the lower eyelid, partially covering the inner canthus. Usher (1935) noted that epicanthus is a normal finding in the fetus of all races. Epicanthus also occurs in association with hereditary ptosis (110100).
Long face
MedGen UID:
324419
Concept ID:
C1836047
Finding
Facial height (length) is more than 2 standard deviations above the mean (objective); or, an apparent increase in the height (length) of the face (subjective).
Tented upper lip vermilion
MedGen UID:
326574
Concept ID:
C1839767
Finding
Triangular appearance of the oral aperture with the apex in the midpoint of the upper vermilion and the lower vermilion forming the base.
Pointed chin
MedGen UID:
336193
Concept ID:
C1844505
Finding
A marked tapering of the lower face to the chin.
Everted lower lip vermilion
MedGen UID:
344003
Concept ID:
C1853246
Finding
An abnormal configuration of the lower lip such that it is turned outward i.e., everted, with the Inner aspect of the lower lip vermilion (normally opposing the teeth) being visible in a frontal view.
Short philtrum
MedGen UID:
350006
Concept ID:
C1861324
Finding
Distance between nasal base and midline upper lip vermilion border more than 2 SD below the mean. Alternatively, an apparently decreased distance between nasal base and midline upper lip vermilion border.
Thin upper lip vermilion
MedGen UID:
355352
Concept ID:
C1865017
Finding
Height of the vermilion of the upper lip in the midline more than 2 SD below the mean. Alternatively, an apparently reduced height of the vermilion of the upper lip in the frontal view (subjective).
Supernumerary nipple
MedGen UID:
120564
Concept ID:
C0266011
Congenital Abnormality
Presence of more than two nipples.
Hypermetropia
MedGen UID:
43780
Concept ID:
C0020490
Disease or Syndrome
An abnormality of refraction characterized by the ability to see objects in the distance clearly, while objects nearby appear blurry.
Strabismus
MedGen UID:
21337
Concept ID:
C0038379
Disease or Syndrome
A misalignment of the eyes so that the visual axes deviate from bifoveal fixation. The classification of strabismus may be based on a number of features including the relative position of the eyes, whether the deviation is latent or manifest, intermittent or constant, concomitant or otherwise and according to the age of onset and the relevance of any associated refractive error.

Professional guidelines

PubMed

D'Onofrio G, Accogli A, Severino M, Caliskan H, Kokotović T, Blazekovic A, Jercic KG, Markovic S, Zigman T, Goran K, Barišić N, Duranovic V, Ban A, Borovecki F, Ramadža DP, Barić I, Fazeli W, Herkenrath P, Marini C, Vittorini R, Gowda V, Bouman A, Rocca C, Alkhawaja IA, Murtaza BN, Rehman MMU, Al Alam C, Nader G, Mancardi MM, Giacomini T, Srivastava S, Alvi JR, Tomoum H, Matricardi S, Iacomino M, Riva A, Scala M, Madia F, Pistorio A, Salpietro V, Minetti C, Rivière JB, Srour M, Efthymiou S, Maroofian R, Houlden H, Vernes SC, Zara F, Striano P, Nagy V
Hum Genet 2023 Jul;142(7):909-925. Epub 2023 May 14 doi: 10.1007/s00439-023-02552-2. PMID: 37183190Free PMC Article
Daoud H, Luco SM, Li R, Bareke E, Beaulieu C, Jarinova O, Carson N, Nikkel SM, Graham GE, Richer J, Armour C, Bulman DE, Chakraborty P, Geraghty M, Lines MA, Lacaze-Masmonteil T, Majewski J, Boycott KM, Dyment DA
CMAJ 2016 Aug 9;188(11):E254-E260. Epub 2016 May 30 doi: 10.1503/cmaj.150823. PMID: 27241786Free PMC Article
Chen CA, Bosch DG, Cho MT, Rosenfeld JA, Shinawi M, Lewis RA, Mann J, Jayakar P, Payne K, Walsh L, Moss T, Schreiber A, Schoonveld C, Monaghan KG, Elmslie F, Douglas G, Boonstra FN, Millan F, Cremers FP, McKnight D, Richard G, Juusola J, Kendall F, Ramsey K, Anyane-Yeboa K, Malkin E, Chung WK, Niyazov D, Pascual JM, Walkiewicz M, Veluchamy V, Li C, Hisama FM, de Vries BB, Schaaf C
Genet Med 2016 Nov;18(11):1143-1150. Epub 2016 Mar 17 doi: 10.1038/gim.2016.18. PMID: 26986877

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Gorijala P, Aslam MM, Dang LT, Xicota L, Fernandez MV, Sung YJ, Fan KH, Feingold E, Surace EI, Chhatwal JP, Hom CL; Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network (DIAN), the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI); NIA-LOAD family study, for the Alzheimer's Biomarkers Consortium-Down Syndrome (ABC-DS) Investigators, Hartley SL, Hassenstab J, Perrin RJ, Mapstone M, Zaman SH, Ances BM, Kamboh MI, Lee JH, Cruchaga C
Alzheimers Dement 2024 Feb;20(2):1038-1049. Epub 2023 Oct 19 doi: 10.1002/alz.13506. PMID: 37855447Free PMC Article
Boerwinkle AH, Gordon BA, Wisch J, Flores S, Henson RL, Butt OH, McKay N, Chen CD, Benzinger TLS, Fagan AM, Handen BL, Christian BT, Head E, Mapstone M, Rafii MS, O'Bryant S, Lai F, Rosas HD, Lee JH, Silverman W, Brickman AM, Chhatwal JP, Cruchaga C, Perrin RJ, Xiong C, Hassenstab J, McDade E, Bateman RJ, Ances BM; Alzheimer's Biomarker Consortium-Down Syndrome; Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network
Lancet Neurol 2023 Jan;22(1):55-65. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(22)00408-2. PMID: 36517172Free PMC Article
Mohan P, Lemoine J, Trotter C, Rakova I, Billings P, Peacock S, Kao CY, Wang Y, Xia F, Eng CM, Benn P
Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2022 Jan;59(1):33-39. doi: 10.1002/uog.23756. PMID: 34358384Free PMC Article
Fagan AM, Henson RL, Li Y, Boerwinkle AH, Xiong C, Bateman RJ, Goate A, Ances BM, Doran E, Christian BT, Lai F, Rosas HD, Schupf N, Krinsky-McHale S, Silverman W, Lee JH, Klunk WE, Handen BL, Allegri RF, Chhatwal JP, Day GS, Graff-Radford NR, Jucker M, Levin J, Martins RN, Masters CL, Mori H, Mummery CJ, Niimi Y, Ringman JM, Salloway S, Schofield PR, Shoji M, Lott IT; Alzheimer's Biomarker Consortium–Down Syndrome; Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network
Lancet Neurol 2021 Aug;20(8):615-626. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(21)00139-3. PMID: 34302786Free PMC Article
Finetti M, Omenetti A, Federici S, Caorsi R, Gattorno M
Orphanet J Rare Dis 2016 Dec 7;11(1):167. doi: 10.1186/s13023-016-0542-8. PMID: 27927236Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Gorijala P, Aslam MM, Dang LT, Xicota L, Fernandez MV, Sung YJ, Fan KH, Feingold E, Surace EI, Chhatwal JP, Hom CL; Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network (DIAN), the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI); NIA-LOAD family study, for the Alzheimer's Biomarkers Consortium-Down Syndrome (ABC-DS) Investigators, Hartley SL, Hassenstab J, Perrin RJ, Mapstone M, Zaman SH, Ances BM, Kamboh MI, Lee JH, Cruchaga C
Alzheimers Dement 2024 Feb;20(2):1038-1049. Epub 2023 Oct 19 doi: 10.1002/alz.13506. PMID: 37855447Free PMC Article
Mohan P, Lemoine J, Trotter C, Rakova I, Billings P, Peacock S, Kao CY, Wang Y, Xia F, Eng CM, Benn P
Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2022 Jan;59(1):33-39. doi: 10.1002/uog.23756. PMID: 34358384Free PMC Article
Saleh S, Beyyumi E, Al Kaabi A, Hertecant J, Barakat D, Al Dhaheri NS, Al-Gazali L, Al Shamsi A
Clin Genet 2021 Nov;100(5):573-600. Epub 2021 Aug 19 doi: 10.1111/cge.14044. PMID: 34374989
Fortea J, Vilaplana E, Carmona-Iragui M, Benejam B, Videla L, Barroeta I, Fernández S, Altuna M, Pegueroles J, Montal V, Valldeneu S, Giménez S, González-Ortiz S, Muñoz L, Estellés T, Illán-Gala I, Belbin O, Camacho V, Wilson LR, Annus T, Osorio RS, Videla S, Lehmann S, Holland AJ, Alcolea D, Clarimón J, Zaman SH, Blesa R, Lleó A
Lancet 2020 Jun 27;395(10242):1988-1997. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30689-9. PMID: 32593336Free PMC Article
Finetti M, Omenetti A, Federici S, Caorsi R, Gattorno M
Orphanet J Rare Dis 2016 Dec 7;11(1):167. doi: 10.1186/s13023-016-0542-8. PMID: 27927236Free PMC Article

Therapy

Hetzelt KLML, Kerling F, Kraus C, Rauch C, Thiel CT, Winterholler M, Reis A, Zweier C
Eur J Med Genet 2021 Jan;64(1):104123. Epub 2020 Dec 15 doi: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2020.104123. PMID: 33338668
Fortea J, Vilaplana E, Carmona-Iragui M, Benejam B, Videla L, Barroeta I, Fernández S, Altuna M, Pegueroles J, Montal V, Valldeneu S, Giménez S, González-Ortiz S, Muñoz L, Estellés T, Illán-Gala I, Belbin O, Camacho V, Wilson LR, Annus T, Osorio RS, Videla S, Lehmann S, Holland AJ, Alcolea D, Clarimón J, Zaman SH, Blesa R, Lleó A
Lancet 2020 Jun 27;395(10242):1988-1997. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30689-9. PMID: 32593336Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Saffari A, Lau T, Tajsharghi H, Karimiani EG, Kariminejad A, Efthymiou S, Zifarelli G, Sultan T, Toosi MB, Sedighzadeh S, Siu VM, Ortigoza-Escobar JD, AlShamsi AM, Ibrahim S, Al-Sannaa NA, Al-Hertani W, Sandra W, Tarnopolsky M, Alavi S, Li C, Day-Salvatore DL, Martínez-González MJ, Levandoski KM, Bedoukian E, Madan-Khetarpal S, Idleburg MJ, Menezes MJ, Siddharth A, Platzer K, Oppermann H, Smitka M, Collins F, Lek M, Shahrooei M, Ghavideldarestani M, Herman I, Rendu J, Faure J, Baker J, Bhambhani V, Calderwood L, Akhondian J, Imannezhad S, Mirzadeh HS, Hashemi N, Doosti M, Safi M, Ahangari N, Torbati PN, Abedini S, Salpietro V, Gulec EY, Eshaghian S, Ghazavi M, Pascher MT, Vogel M, Abicht A, Moutton S, Bruel AL, Rieubland C, Gallati S, Strom TM, Lochmüller H, Mohammadi MH, Alvi JR, Zackai EH, Keena BA, Skraban CM, Berger SI, Andrew EH, Rahimian E, Morrow MM, Wentzensen IM, Millan F, Henderson LB, Dafsari HS, Jungbluth H, Gomez-Ospina N, McRae A, Peter M, Veltra D, Marinakis NM, Sofocleous C, Ashrafzadeh F, Pehlivan D, Lemke JR, Melki J, Benezit A, Bauer P, Weis D, Lupski JR, Senderek J, Christodoulou J, Chung WK, Goodchild R, Offiah AC, Moreno-De-Luca A, Suri M, Ebrahimi-Fakhari D, Houlden H, Maroofian R
Brain 2023 Aug 1;146(8):3273-3288. doi: 10.1093/brain/awad039. PMID: 36757831Free PMC Article
Thomas Q, Gautier T, Marafi D, Besnard T, Willems M, Moutton S, Isidor B, Cogné B, Conrad S, Tenconi R, Iascone M, Sorlin A, Masurel A, Dabir T, Jackson A, Banka S, Delanne J, Lupski JR, Saadi NW, Alkuraya FS, Zahrani FA, Agrawal PB, England E, Madden JA, Posey JE, Burglen L, Rodriguez D, Chevarin M, Nguyen S, Mau-Them FT, Duffourd Y, Garret P, Bruel AL, Callier P, Marle N, Denomme-Pichon AS, Duplomb L, Philippe C, Thauvin-Robinet C, Govin J, Faivre L, Vitobello A
Genet Med 2021 Oct;23(10):1901-1911. Epub 2021 Jun 10 doi: 10.1038/s41436-021-01218-6. PMID: 34113008
Hetzelt KLML, Kerling F, Kraus C, Rauch C, Thiel CT, Winterholler M, Reis A, Zweier C
Eur J Med Genet 2021 Jan;64(1):104123. Epub 2020 Dec 15 doi: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2020.104123. PMID: 33338668
Fortea J, Vilaplana E, Carmona-Iragui M, Benejam B, Videla L, Barroeta I, Fernández S, Altuna M, Pegueroles J, Montal V, Valldeneu S, Giménez S, González-Ortiz S, Muñoz L, Estellés T, Illán-Gala I, Belbin O, Camacho V, Wilson LR, Annus T, Osorio RS, Videla S, Lehmann S, Holland AJ, Alcolea D, Clarimón J, Zaman SH, Blesa R, Lleó A
Lancet 2020 Jun 27;395(10242):1988-1997. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30689-9. PMID: 32593336Free PMC Article
Finetti M, Omenetti A, Federici S, Caorsi R, Gattorno M
Orphanet J Rare Dis 2016 Dec 7;11(1):167. doi: 10.1186/s13023-016-0542-8. PMID: 27927236Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

Gorijala P, Aslam MM, Dang LT, Xicota L, Fernandez MV, Sung YJ, Fan KH, Feingold E, Surace EI, Chhatwal JP, Hom CL; Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network (DIAN), the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI); NIA-LOAD family study, for the Alzheimer's Biomarkers Consortium-Down Syndrome (ABC-DS) Investigators, Hartley SL, Hassenstab J, Perrin RJ, Mapstone M, Zaman SH, Ances BM, Kamboh MI, Lee JH, Cruchaga C
Alzheimers Dement 2024 Feb;20(2):1038-1049. Epub 2023 Oct 19 doi: 10.1002/alz.13506. PMID: 37855447Free PMC Article
Saffari A, Lau T, Tajsharghi H, Karimiani EG, Kariminejad A, Efthymiou S, Zifarelli G, Sultan T, Toosi MB, Sedighzadeh S, Siu VM, Ortigoza-Escobar JD, AlShamsi AM, Ibrahim S, Al-Sannaa NA, Al-Hertani W, Sandra W, Tarnopolsky M, Alavi S, Li C, Day-Salvatore DL, Martínez-González MJ, Levandoski KM, Bedoukian E, Madan-Khetarpal S, Idleburg MJ, Menezes MJ, Siddharth A, Platzer K, Oppermann H, Smitka M, Collins F, Lek M, Shahrooei M, Ghavideldarestani M, Herman I, Rendu J, Faure J, Baker J, Bhambhani V, Calderwood L, Akhondian J, Imannezhad S, Mirzadeh HS, Hashemi N, Doosti M, Safi M, Ahangari N, Torbati PN, Abedini S, Salpietro V, Gulec EY, Eshaghian S, Ghazavi M, Pascher MT, Vogel M, Abicht A, Moutton S, Bruel AL, Rieubland C, Gallati S, Strom TM, Lochmüller H, Mohammadi MH, Alvi JR, Zackai EH, Keena BA, Skraban CM, Berger SI, Andrew EH, Rahimian E, Morrow MM, Wentzensen IM, Millan F, Henderson LB, Dafsari HS, Jungbluth H, Gomez-Ospina N, McRae A, Peter M, Veltra D, Marinakis NM, Sofocleous C, Ashrafzadeh F, Pehlivan D, Lemke JR, Melki J, Benezit A, Bauer P, Weis D, Lupski JR, Senderek J, Christodoulou J, Chung WK, Goodchild R, Offiah AC, Moreno-De-Luca A, Suri M, Ebrahimi-Fakhari D, Houlden H, Maroofian R
Brain 2023 Aug 1;146(8):3273-3288. doi: 10.1093/brain/awad039. PMID: 36757831Free PMC Article
Mohan P, Lemoine J, Trotter C, Rakova I, Billings P, Peacock S, Kao CY, Wang Y, Xia F, Eng CM, Benn P
Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2022 Jan;59(1):33-39. doi: 10.1002/uog.23756. PMID: 34358384Free PMC Article
Thomas Q, Gautier T, Marafi D, Besnard T, Willems M, Moutton S, Isidor B, Cogné B, Conrad S, Tenconi R, Iascone M, Sorlin A, Masurel A, Dabir T, Jackson A, Banka S, Delanne J, Lupski JR, Saadi NW, Alkuraya FS, Zahrani FA, Agrawal PB, England E, Madden JA, Posey JE, Burglen L, Rodriguez D, Chevarin M, Nguyen S, Mau-Them FT, Duffourd Y, Garret P, Bruel AL, Callier P, Marle N, Denomme-Pichon AS, Duplomb L, Philippe C, Thauvin-Robinet C, Govin J, Faivre L, Vitobello A
Genet Med 2021 Oct;23(10):1901-1911. Epub 2021 Jun 10 doi: 10.1038/s41436-021-01218-6. PMID: 34113008
Fortea J, Vilaplana E, Carmona-Iragui M, Benejam B, Videla L, Barroeta I, Fernández S, Altuna M, Pegueroles J, Montal V, Valldeneu S, Giménez S, González-Ortiz S, Muñoz L, Estellés T, Illán-Gala I, Belbin O, Camacho V, Wilson LR, Annus T, Osorio RS, Videla S, Lehmann S, Holland AJ, Alcolea D, Clarimón J, Zaman SH, Blesa R, Lleó A
Lancet 2020 Jun 27;395(10242):1988-1997. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30689-9. PMID: 32593336Free PMC Article

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