From HPO
Clubfoot- MedGen UID:
- 3130
- •Concept ID:
- C0009081
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Clubfoot is a congenital limb deformity defined as fixation of the foot in cavus, adductus, varus, and equinus (i.e., inclined inwards, axially rotated outwards, and pointing downwards) with concomitant soft tissue abnormalities (Cardy et al., 2007). Clubfoot may occur in isolation or as part of a syndrome (e.g., diastrophic dysplasia, 222600). Clubfoot has been reported with deficiency of long bones and mirror-image polydactyly (Gurnett et al., 2008; Klopocki et al., 2012).
Hallux valgus- MedGen UID:
- 5416
- •Concept ID:
- C0018536
- •
- Anatomical Abnormality
Lateral deviation of the great toe (i.e., in the direction of the little toe).
Broad palm- MedGen UID:
- 75535
- •Concept ID:
- C0264142
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
For children from birth to 4 years of age the palm width is more than 2 SD above the mean; for children from 4 to 16 years of age the palm width is above the 95th centile; or, the width of the palm appears disproportionately wide for the length.
Pes cavus- MedGen UID:
- 675590
- •Concept ID:
- C0728829
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
An increase in height of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot that does not flatten on weight bearing (i.e., a distinctly hollow form of the sole of the foot when it is bearing weight).
Limited elbow movement- MedGen UID:
- 337930
- •Concept ID:
- C1849955
- •
- Finding
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy- MedGen UID:
- 2881
- •Concept ID:
- C0007194
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is defined by the presence of increased ventricular wall thickness or mass in the absence of loading conditions (hypertension, valve disease) sufficient to cause the observed abnormality.
Cardiomegaly- MedGen UID:
- 5459
- •Concept ID:
- C0018800
- •
- Finding
Increased size of the heart, clinically defined as an increased transverse diameter of the cardiac silhouette that is greater than or equal to 50% of the transverse diameter of the chest (increased cardiothoracic ratio) on a posterior-anterior projection of a chest radiograph or a computed tomography.
Mitral regurgitation- MedGen UID:
- 7670
- •Concept ID:
- C0026266
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
An abnormality of the mitral valve characterized by insufficiency or incompetence of the mitral valve resulting in retrograde leaking of blood through the mitral valve upon ventricular contraction.
Left ventricular hypertrophy- MedGen UID:
- 57442
- •Concept ID:
- C0149721
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Enlargement or increased size of the heart left ventricle.
Left atrial enlargement- MedGen UID:
- 536845
- •Concept ID:
- C0238705
- •
- Finding
Increase in size of the left atrium.
Ventricular hypertrophy- MedGen UID:
- 87400
- •Concept ID:
- C0340279
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Enlargement of the cardiac ventricular muscle tissue with increase in the width of the wall of the ventricle and loss of elasticity. Ventricular hypertrophy is clinically differentiated into left and right ventricular hypertrophy.
Cardiomyopathy- MedGen UID:
- 209232
- •Concept ID:
- C0878544
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
A myocardial disorder in which the heart muscle is structurally and functionally abnormal, in the absence of coronary artery disease, hypertension, valvular disease and congenital heart disease sufficient to cause the observed myocardial abnormality.
Low-set ears- MedGen UID:
- 65980
- •Concept ID:
- C0239234
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Upper insertion of the ear to the scalp below an imaginary horizontal line drawn between the inner canthi of the eye and extending posteriorly to the ear.
Posteriorly rotated ears- MedGen UID:
- 96566
- •Concept ID:
- C0431478
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
A type of abnormal location of the ears in which the position of the ears is characterized by posterior rotation (the superior part of the ears is rotated towards the back of the head, and the inferior part of the ears towards the front).
Waddling gait- MedGen UID:
- 66667
- •Concept ID:
- C0231712
- •
- Finding
Weakness of the hip girdle and upper thigh muscles, for instance in myopathies, leads to an instability of the pelvis on standing and walking. If the muscles extending the hip joint are affected, the posture in that joint becomes flexed and lumbar lordosis increases. The patients usually have difficulties standing up from a sitting position. Due to weakness in the gluteus medius muscle, the hip on the side of the swinging leg drops with each step (referred to as Trendelenburg sign). The gait appears waddling. The patients frequently attempt to counteract the dropping of the hip on the swinging side by bending the trunk towards the side which is in the stance phase (in the German language literature this is referred to as Duchenne sign). Similar gait patterns can be caused by orthopedic conditions when the origin and the insertion site of the gluteus medius muscle are closer to each other than normal, for instance due to a posttraumatic elevation of the trochanter or pseudarthrosis of the femoral neck.
Gait disturbance- MedGen UID:
- 107895
- •Concept ID:
- C0575081
- •
- Finding
The term gait disturbance can refer to any disruption of the ability to walk.
Intellectual disability- MedGen UID:
- 811461
- •Concept ID:
- C3714756
- •
- Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Intellectual disability, previously referred to as mental retardation, is characterized by subnormal intellectual functioning that occurs during the developmental period. It is defined by an IQ score below 70.
Congenital hip dislocation- MedGen UID:
- 9258
- •Concept ID:
- C0019555
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Kyphosis- MedGen UID:
- 44042
- •Concept ID:
- C0022821
- •
- Anatomical Abnormality
Exaggerated anterior convexity of the thoracic vertebral column.
Retrognathia- MedGen UID:
- 19766
- •Concept ID:
- C0035353
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
An abnormality in which the mandible is mislocalised posteriorly.
Scoliosis- MedGen UID:
- 11348
- •Concept ID:
- C0036439
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
The presence of an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.
Joint contracture of the hand- MedGen UID:
- 56382
- •Concept ID:
- C0158113
- •
- Finding
Contractures of one ore more joints of the hands meaning chronic loss of joint motion due to structural changes in non-bony tissue.
Dislocation of toes- MedGen UID:
- 105118
- •Concept ID:
- C0434717
- •
- Injury or Poisoning
Kyphoscoliosis- MedGen UID:
- 154361
- •Concept ID:
- C0575158
- •
- Anatomical Abnormality
An abnormal curvature of the spine in both a coronal (lateral) and sagittal (back-to-front) plane.
Camptodactyly- MedGen UID:
- 195780
- •Concept ID:
- C0685409
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
The distal interphalangeal joint and/or the proximal interphalangeal joint of the fingers or toes cannot be extended to 180 degrees by either active or passive extension.
Brachyturricephaly- MedGen UID:
- 387833
- •Concept ID:
- C1857484
- •
- Finding
Abnormal vertical height of the skull and a shortening of its anterior-posterior length, frequently combined with malformations of the occipital region.
Hyperplasia of the maxilla- MedGen UID:
- 892487
- •Concept ID:
- C2227090
- •
- Finding
Abnormally increased dimension of the maxilla, especially relative to the mandible, resulting in a malocclusion or malalignment between the upper and lower teeth or in anterior positioning of the nasal base, increased convexity of the face, increased nasolabial angle, or increased width (transverse dimension of the maxilla.
Skeletal muscle hypertrophy- MedGen UID:
- 853739
- •Concept ID:
- C2265792
- •
- Finding
Abnormal increase in muscle size and mass not due to training.
Camptodactyly of toe- MedGen UID:
- 867404
- •Concept ID:
- C4021774
- •
- Anatomical Abnormality
Camptodactyly is a painless flexion contracture of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint that is usually gradually progressive. This term refers to camptodactyly of one or more toes.
Recurrent ear infections- MedGen UID:
- 473277
- •Concept ID:
- C0743360
- •
- Finding
Increased susceptibility to ear infections, as manifested by recurrent episodes of ear infections.
Elevated circulating aspartate aminotransferase concentration- MedGen UID:
- 57497
- •Concept ID:
- C0151904
- •
- Finding
The concentration of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in the blood circulation is above the upper limit of normal.
Elevated circulating hepatic transaminase concentration- MedGen UID:
- 116013
- •Concept ID:
- C0235996
- •
- Finding
Elevations of the levels of SGOT and SGPT in the serum. SGOT (serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase) and SGPT (serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase) are transaminases primarily found in the liver and heart and are released into the bloodstream as the result of liver or heart damage. SGOT and SGPT are used clinically mainly as markers of liver damage.
Elevated circulating creatine kinase concentration- MedGen UID:
- 69128
- •Concept ID:
- C0241005
- •
- Finding
An elevation of the level of the enzyme creatine kinase (also known as creatine phosphokinase (CK; EC 2.7.3.2) in the blood. CK levels can be elevated in a number of clinical disorders such as myocardial infarction, rhabdomyolysis, and muscular dystrophy.
Increased circulating creatine kinase MB isoform- MedGen UID:
- 1690106
- •Concept ID:
- C5139211
- •
- Finding
An increased concentration of the MB isoform of creatine kinase in the blood circulation.
Weak voice- MedGen UID:
- 66033
- •Concept ID:
- C0241700
- •
- Finding
Reduced intensity (volume) of speech.
Downslanted palpebral fissures- MedGen UID:
- 98391
- •Concept ID:
- C0423110
- •
- Finding
The palpebral fissure inclination is more than two standard deviations below the mean.
Prominent nose- MedGen UID:
- 98423
- •Concept ID:
- C0426415
- •
- Finding
Distance between subnasale and pronasale more than two standard deviations above the mean, or alternatively, an apparently increased anterior protrusion of the nasal tip.
Wide nose- MedGen UID:
- 140869
- •Concept ID:
- C0426421
- •
- Finding
Interalar distance more than two standard deviations above the mean for age, i.e., an apparently increased width of the nasal base and alae.
Thick vermilion border- MedGen UID:
- 332232
- •Concept ID:
- C1836543
- •
- Finding
Increased width of the skin of vermilion border region of upper lip.
Prominent supraorbital ridges- MedGen UID:
- 333982
- •Concept ID:
- C1842060
- •
- Finding
Greater than average forward and/or lateral protrusion of the supraorbital portion of the frontal bones.
Pugilistic facies- MedGen UID:
- 335321
- •Concept ID:
- C1846011
- •
- Finding
Coarse facial features reminiscent of those of a boxer.
Everted lower lip vermilion- MedGen UID:
- 344003
- •Concept ID:
- C1853246
- •
- Finding
An abnormal configuration of the lower lip such that it is turned outward i.e., everted, with the Inner aspect of the lower lip vermilion (normally opposing the teeth) being visible in a frontal view.
Thick eyebrow- MedGen UID:
- 377914
- •Concept ID:
- C1853487
- •
- Finding
Increased density/number and/or increased diameter of eyebrow hairs.
Broad neck- MedGen UID:
- 344099
- •Concept ID:
- C1853638
- •
- Finding
Increased side-to-side width of the neck.
Synophrys- MedGen UID:
- 98132
- •Concept ID:
- C0431447
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Meeting of the medial eyebrows in the midline.
Broad nail- MedGen UID:
- 375097
- •Concept ID:
- C1843112
- •
- Finding
Increased width of nail.
- Abnormality of head or neck
- Abnormality of limbs
- Abnormality of metabolism/homeostasis
- Abnormality of the cardiovascular system
- Abnormality of the immune system
- Abnormality of the integument
- Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system
- Abnormality of the nervous system
- Abnormality of the voice
- Ear malformation