From HPO
Clubfoot- MedGen UID:
- 3130
- •Concept ID:
- C0009081
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Clubfoot is a congenital limb deformity defined as fixation of the foot in cavus, adductus, varus, and equinus (i.e., inclined inwards, axially rotated outwards, and pointing downwards) with concomitant soft tissue abnormalities (Cardy et al., 2007). Clubfoot may occur in isolation or as part of a syndrome (e.g., diastrophic dysplasia, 222600). Clubfoot has been reported with deficiency of long bones and mirror-image polydactyly (Gurnett et al., 2008; Klopocki et al., 2012).
Abnormal foot morphology- MedGen UID:
- 1762829
- •Concept ID:
- C5399834
- •
- Anatomical Abnormality
An abnormality of the skeleton of foot.
Dysphagia- MedGen UID:
- 41440
- •Concept ID:
- C0011168
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Difficulty in swallowing.
Poor suck- MedGen UID:
- 324693
- •Concept ID:
- C1837142
- •
- Finding
An inadequate sucking reflex, resulting in the difficult of newborns to be breast-fed.
Feeding difficulties in infancy- MedGen UID:
- 436211
- •Concept ID:
- C2674608
- •
- Finding
Impaired feeding performance of an infant as manifested by difficulties such as weak and ineffective sucking, brief bursts of sucking, and falling asleep during sucking. There may be difficulties with chewing or maintaining attention.
Cerebellar ataxia- MedGen UID:
- 849
- •Concept ID:
- C0007758
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Cerebellar ataxia refers to ataxia due to dysfunction of the cerebellum. This causes a variety of elementary neurological deficits including asynergy (lack of coordination between muscles, limbs and joints), dysmetria (lack of ability to judge distances that can lead to under- or overshoot in grasping movements), and dysdiadochokinesia (inability to perform rapid movements requiring antagonizing muscle groups to be switched on and off repeatedly).
Fasciculations- MedGen UID:
- 5124
- •Concept ID:
- C0015644
- •
- Sign or Symptom
Fasciculations are observed as small, local, involuntary muscle contractions (twitching) visible under the skin. Fasciculations result from increased irritability of an axon (which in turn is often a manifestation of disease of a motor neuron). This leads to sporadic discharges of all the muscle fibers controlled by the axon in isolation from other motor units.
Intellectual disability, mild- MedGen UID:
- 10044
- •Concept ID:
- C0026106
- •
- Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Mild intellectual disability is defined as an intelligence quotient (IQ) in the range of 50-69.
Sleep abnormality- MedGen UID:
- 52372
- •Concept ID:
- C0037317
- •
- Sign or Symptom
An abnormal pattern in the quality, quantity, or characteristics of sleep.
Hyperreflexia- MedGen UID:
- 57738
- •Concept ID:
- C0151889
- •
- Finding
Hyperreflexia is the presence of hyperactive stretch reflexes of the muscles.
Hand tremor- MedGen UID:
- 68689
- •Concept ID:
- C0239842
- •
- Finding
An unintentional, oscillating to-and-fro muscle movement affecting the hand.
Cerebellar hypoplasia- MedGen UID:
- 120578
- •Concept ID:
- C0266470
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Cerebellar hypoplasia is a descriptive term implying a cerebellum with a reduced volume, but a normal shape and is stable over time.
Demyelinating peripheral neuropathy- MedGen UID:
- 82859
- •Concept ID:
- C0270922
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Demyelinating neuropathy is characterized by slow nerve conduction velocities with reduced amplitudes of sensory/motor nerve conduction and prolonged distal latencies.
Global developmental delay- MedGen UID:
- 107838
- •Concept ID:
- C0557874
- •
- Finding
A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age.
Limb ataxia- MedGen UID:
- 196692
- •Concept ID:
- C0750937
- •
- Finding
A kind of ataxia that affects movements of the extremities.
Sensorimotor neuropathy- MedGen UID:
- 207266
- •Concept ID:
- C1112256
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Degeneration of anterior horn cells- MedGen UID:
- 375215
- •Concept ID:
- C1843505
- •
- Finding
Hypoplasia of the ventral pons- MedGen UID:
- 334768
- •Concept ID:
- C1843507
- •
- Finding
Underdevelopment of the ventral portion of the pons.
Hypoplasia of the pons- MedGen UID:
- 341246
- •Concept ID:
- C1848529
- •
- Finding
Underdevelopment of the pons.
Motor delay- MedGen UID:
- 381392
- •Concept ID:
- C1854301
- •
- Finding
A type of Developmental delay characterized by a delay in acquiring motor skills.
Lateral ventricle dilatation- MedGen UID:
- 383904
- •Concept ID:
- C1856409
- •
- Pathologic Function
Brisk reflexes- MedGen UID:
- 382164
- •Concept ID:
- C2673700
- •
- Finding
Tendon reflexes that are noticeably more active than usual (conventionally denoted 3+ on clinical examination). Brisk reflexes may or may not indicate a neurological lesion. They are distinguished from hyperreflexia by the fact that hyerreflexia is characterized by hyperactive repeating (clonic) reflexes, which are considered to be always abnormal.
Neuronal loss in basal ganglia- MedGen UID:
- 413431
- •Concept ID:
- C2750913
- •
- Finding
A reduction in the number of nerve cells in the basal ganglia.
Basal ganglia gliosis- MedGen UID:
- 416417
- •Concept ID:
- C2750915
- •
- Finding
Focal proliferation of glial cells in the basal ganglia.
Intellectual disability- MedGen UID:
- 811461
- •Concept ID:
- C3714756
- •
- Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Intellectual disability, previously referred to as mental retardation, is characterized by subnormal intellectual functioning that occurs during the developmental period. It is defined by an IQ score below 70.
Cerebral cortical atrophy- MedGen UID:
- 1646740
- •Concept ID:
- C4551583
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Atrophy of the cortex of the cerebrum.
Hypotonia- MedGen UID:
- 10133
- •Concept ID:
- C0026827
- •
- Finding
Hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle). Even when relaxed, muscles have a continuous and passive partial contraction which provides some resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia thus manifests as diminished resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness, although the two conditions can co-exist.
Spinal muscular atrophy- MedGen UID:
- 7755
- •Concept ID:
- C0026847
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is characterized by muscle weakness and atrophy resulting from progressive degeneration and irreversible loss of the anterior horn cells in the spinal cord (i.e., lower motor neurons) and the brain stem nuclei. The onset of weakness ranges from before birth to adulthood. The weakness is symmetric, proximal > distal, and progressive. Before the genetic basis of SMA was understood, it was classified into clinical subtypes based on maximum motor function achieved; however, it is now apparent that the phenotype of SMN1-associated SMA spans a continuum without clear delineation of subtypes. With supportive care only, poor weight gain with growth failure, restrictive lung disease, scoliosis, and joint contractures are common complications; however, newly available targeted treatment options are changing the natural history of this disease.
Muscle weakness- MedGen UID:
- 57735
- •Concept ID:
- C0151786
- •
- Finding
Reduced strength of muscles.
Congenital contracture- MedGen UID:
- 83066
- •Concept ID:
- C0332878
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
One or more flexion contractures (a bent joint that cannot be straightened actively or passively) that are present at birth.
Distal amyotrophy- MedGen UID:
- 338530
- •Concept ID:
- C1848736
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Muscular atrophy affecting muscles in the distal portions of the extremities.
Enlarged cisterna magna- MedGen UID:
- 344031
- •Concept ID:
- C1853377
- •
- Finding
Increase in size of the cisterna magna, one of three principal openings in the subarachnoid space between the arachnoid and pia mater, located between the cerebellum and the dorsal surface of the medulla oblongata.
EMG: neuropathic changes- MedGen UID:
- 867363
- •Concept ID:
- C4021727
- •
- Finding
The presence of characteristic findings of denervation on electromyography (fibrillations, positive sharp waves, and giant motor unit potentials).
Microcephaly- MedGen UID:
- 1644158
- •Concept ID:
- C4551563
- •
- Finding
Head circumference below 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender.
Respiratory insufficiency- MedGen UID:
- 11197
- •Concept ID:
- C0035229
- •
- Pathologic Function
Impairment of gas exchange within the lungs secondary to a disease process, neoplasm, or trauma, possibly resulting in hypoxia, hypercarbia, or both, but not requiring intubation or mechanical ventilation. Patients are normally managed with pharmaceutical therapy, supplemental oxygen, or both.
Intercostal muscle weakness- MedGen UID:
- 786098
- •Concept ID:
- C0240017
- •
- Finding
Lack of strength of the intercostal muscles, i.e., of the muscle groups running along the ribs that create and move the chest wall.
Tongue fasciculations- MedGen UID:
- 65987
- •Concept ID:
- C0239548
- •
- Finding
Fasciculations or fibrillation affecting the tongue muscle.
- Abnormality of head or neck
- Abnormality of limbs
- Abnormality of the digestive system
- Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system
- Abnormality of the nervous system
- Abnormality of the respiratory system