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Potocki-Lupski syndrome(PTLS)

MedGen UID:
444010
Concept ID:
C2931246
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Chromosome 17, trisomy 17p11 2; CHROMOSOME 17p11.2 DUPLICATION SYNDROME; Duplication 17p11 2; Duplication 17p11.2 syndrome; Potocki-Lupski syndrome (dup(17)(p11.2p11.2)); PTLS; Trisomy 17p11 2
SNOMED CT: 17p11.2 microduplication syndrome (734016004); Potocki Lupski syndrome (734016004); Trisomy 17p11.2 (734016004)
Modes of inheritance:
Not genetically inherited
MedGen UID:
988794
Concept ID:
CN307044
Finding
Source: Orphanet
clinical entity without genetic inheritance.
 
Gene (location): FLCN (17p11.2)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0012574
OMIM®: 610883
Orphanet: ORPHA1713

Disease characteristics

Excerpted from the GeneReview: Potocki-Lupski Syndrome
Potocki-Lupski syndrome (PTLS) is characterized by cognitive, behavioral, and medical manifestations. Cognitively, most individuals present with developmental delay, later meeting criteria for moderate intellectual disability. Behaviorally, issues with attention, hyperactivity, withdrawal, and anxiety may be seen. Some individuals meet criteria for autism spectrum disorder. Medically, hypotonia, oropharyngeal dysphagia leading to failure to thrive, congenital heart disease, hypoglycemia associated with growth hormone deficiency, and mildly dysmorphic facial features are observed. Medical manifestations typically lead to identification of PTLS in infancy; however, those with only behavioral and cognitive manifestations may be identified in later childhood. [from GeneReviews]
Authors:
Lorraine Potocki  |  Juanita Neira-Fresneda  |  Bo Yuan   view full author information

Additional descriptions

From OMIM
Potocki-Lupski syndrome is a developmental disorder characterized by hypotonia, failure to thrive, mental retardation, pervasive developmental disorders, and congenital anomalies. All reported cases have occurred sporadically without bias in the parental origin of rearrangements. Most duplications are 3.7 Mb in size and only identifiable by array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) analysis. Approximately 60% of PTLS patients harbor a microduplication of chromosome 17p11.2 reciprocal to the common recurrent 3.7-Mb microdeletion in SMS (summary by Shchelochkov et al., 2010).  http://www.omim.org/entry/610883
From MedlinePlus Genetics
Potocki-Lupski syndrome is a condition that results from having an extra copy (duplication) of a small piece of chromosome 17 in each cell. The duplication occurs on the short (p) arm of the chromosome at a position designated p11.2. This condition is also known as 17p11.2 duplication syndrome.

Infants with Potocki-Lupski syndrome may have weak muscle tone (hypotonia) and swallowing difficulties (dysphagia) that lead to feeding problems. Some affected babies do not grow and gain weight at the expected rate (described as failure to thrive), and children with this condition tend to be shorter and weigh less than their peers. About 40 percent of babies with Potocki-Lupski syndrome are born with a heart defect, which in some cases is life-threatening.

Babies and children with Potocki-Lupski syndrome have delayed development, including delayed speech and language skills and gross motor skills such sitting, standing, and walking. As they get older, affected individuals have intellectual disability, which is usually mild to moderate, and ongoing difficulties with speech. Potocki-Lupski syndrome is also associated with behavioral problems, which can include attention problems, hyperactivity, compulsive or impulsive behaviors, and anxiety. Many people with this condition have charateristics of autism spectrum disorder, which affects social interaction and communication.

Other signs and symptoms of Potocki-Lupski syndrome can include vision and hearing problems, dental and skeletal abnormalities, and abnormal kidney development and function. Many affected individuals have problems with sleep, including short pauses in breathing during sleep (sleep apnea) and trouble falling asleep and staying asleep. The condition can also have subtle differences in facial features, including outside corners of the eyes that point downward (down-slanting palpebral fissures), a triangular face with a broad forehead and a small jaw (micrognathia), and widely spaced eyes (hypertelorism).  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/potocki-lupski-syndrome

Clinical features

From HPO
Abnormal renal morphology
MedGen UID:
1633142
Concept ID:
C4551596
Anatomical Abnormality
Any structural anomaly of the kidney.
Patent foramen ovale
MedGen UID:
8891
Concept ID:
C0016522
Congenital Abnormality
Failure of the foramen ovale to seal postnatally, leaving a potential conduit between the left and right cardiac atria.
Atrial septal defect
MedGen UID:
6753
Concept ID:
C0018817
Congenital Abnormality
Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital abnormality of the interatrial septum that enables blood flow between the left and right atria via the interatrial septum.
Abnormality of the cardiovascular system
MedGen UID:
116727
Concept ID:
C0243050
Congenital Abnormality
Any abnormality of the cardiovascular system.
Small for gestational age
MedGen UID:
65920
Concept ID:
C0235991
Finding
Smaller than normal size according to sex and gestational age related norms, defined as a weight below the 10th percentile for the gestational age.
Short stature
MedGen UID:
87607
Concept ID:
C0349588
Finding
A height below that which is expected according to age and gender norms. Although there is no universally accepted definition of short stature, many refer to "short stature" as height more than 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender (or below the 3rd percentile for age and gender dependent norms).
Failure to thrive
MedGen UID:
746019
Concept ID:
C2315100
Disease or Syndrome
Failure to thrive (FTT) refers to a child whose physical growth is substantially below the norm.
Oral-pharyngeal dysphagia
MedGen UID:
120596
Concept ID:
C0267071
Disease or Syndrome
Difficulty in swallowing due to an abnormality in the mouth or throat.
Feeding difficulties in infancy
MedGen UID:
436211
Concept ID:
C2674608
Finding
Impaired feeding performance of an infant as manifested by difficulties such as weak and ineffective sucking, brief bursts of sucking, and falling asleep during sucking. There may be difficulties with chewing or maintaining attention.
Gastroesophageal reflux
MedGen UID:
1368658
Concept ID:
C4317146
Finding
A condition in which the stomach contents leak backwards from the stomach into the esophagus through the lower esophageal sphincter.
Hearing impairment
MedGen UID:
235586
Concept ID:
C1384666
Disease or Syndrome
A decreased magnitude of the sensory perception of sound.
Aphasia
MedGen UID:
8159
Concept ID:
C0003537
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
An acquired language impairment of some or all of the abilities to produce or comprehend speech and to read or write.
Autism
MedGen UID:
13966
Concept ID:
C0004352
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Autism, the prototypic pervasive developmental disorder (PDD), is usually apparent by 3 years of age. It is characterized by a triad of limited or absent verbal communication, a lack of reciprocal social interaction or responsiveness, and restricted, stereotypic, and ritualized patterns of interests and behavior (Bailey et al., 1996; Risch et al., 1999). 'Autism spectrum disorder,' sometimes referred to as ASD, is a broader phenotype encompassing the less severe disorders Asperger syndrome (see ASPG1; 608638) and pervasive developmental disorder, not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS). 'Broad autism phenotype' includes individuals with some symptoms of autism, but who do not meet the full criteria for autism or other disorders. Mental retardation coexists in approximately two-thirds of individuals with ASD, except for Asperger syndrome, in which mental retardation is conspicuously absent (Jones et al., 2008). Genetic studies in autism often include family members with these less stringent diagnoses (Schellenberg et al., 2006). Levy et al. (2009) provided a general review of autism and autism spectrum disorder, including epidemiology, characteristics of the disorder, diagnosis, neurobiologic hypotheses for the etiology, genetics, and treatment options. Genetic Heterogeneity of Autism Autism is considered to be a complex multifactorial disorder involving many genes. Accordingly, several loci have been identified, some or all of which may contribute to the phenotype. Included in this entry is AUTS1, which has been mapped to chromosome 7q22. Other susceptibility loci include AUTS3 (608049), which maps to chromosome 13q14; AUTS4 (608636), which maps to chromosome 15q11; AUTS6 (609378), which maps to chromosome 17q11; AUTS7 (610676), which maps to chromosome 17q21; AUTS8 (607373), which maps to chromosome 3q25-q27; AUTS9 (611015), which maps to chromosome 7q31; AUTS10 (611016), which maps to chromosome 7q36; AUTS11 (610836), which maps to chromosome 1q41; AUTS12 (610838), which maps to chromosome 21p13-q11; AUTS13 (610908), which maps to chromosome 12q14; AUTS14A (611913), which has been found in patients with a deletion of a region of 16p11.2; AUTS14B (614671), which has been found in patients with a duplication of a region of 16p11.2; AUTS15 (612100), associated with mutation in the CNTNAP2 gene (604569) on chromosome 7q35-q36; AUTS16 (613410), associated with mutation in the SLC9A9 gene (608396) on chromosome 3q24; AUTS17 (613436), associated with mutation in the SHANK2 gene (603290) on chromosome 11q13; AUTS18 (615032), associated with mutation in the CHD8 gene (610528) on chromosome 14q11; AUTS19 (615091), associated with mutation in the EIF4E gene (133440) on chromosome 4q23; and AUTS20 (618830), associated with mutation in the NLGN1 gene (600568) on chromosome 3q26. (NOTE: the symbol 'AUTS2' has been used to refer to a gene on chromosome 7q11 (KIAA0442; 607270) and therefore is not used as a part of this autism locus series.) There are several X-linked forms of autism susceptibility: AUTSX1 (300425), associated with mutations in the NLGN3 gene (300336); AUTSX2 (300495), associated with mutations in NLGN4 (300427); AUTSX3 (300496), associated with mutations in MECP2 (300005); AUTSX4 (300830), associated with variation in the region on chromosome Xp22.11 containing the PTCHD1 gene (300828); AUTSX5 (300847), associated with mutations in the RPL10 gene (312173); and AUTSX6 (300872), associated with mutation in the TMLHE gene (300777). A locus on chromosome 2q (606053) associated with a phenotype including intellectual disability and speech deficits was formerly designated AUTS5. Folstein and Rosen-Sheidley (2001) reviewed the genetics of autism.
Echolalia
MedGen UID:
8532
Concept ID:
C0013528
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Echolalia is the automatic imitative repetition of sounds, words, or phrases in the absence of explicit awareness. The repeated words or phrases are typically odd or used in a non-social manner. These can be words or phrases that the affected individual has heard or invented.
Language disorder
MedGen UID:
44069
Concept ID:
C0023015
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Language impairment is a deficit in comprehension or production of language that includes reduced vocabulary, limited sentence structure, or impairments in written or spoken communication. Language abilities are substantially and quantifiably below age expectations.
Intellectual disability, mild
MedGen UID:
10044
Concept ID:
C0026106
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Mild intellectual disability is defined as an intelligence quotient (IQ) in the range of 50-69.
Seizure
MedGen UID:
20693
Concept ID:
C0036572
Sign or Symptom
A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.
Sleep apnea
MedGen UID:
11458
Concept ID:
C0037315
Disease or Syndrome
An intermittent cessation of airflow at the mouth and nose during sleep is known as sleep apnea. Apneas that last at least 10 seconds are considered significant, but individuals with sleep apnea may experience apneas lasting from 20 seconds up to 2 or 3 minutes. Patients may have up to 15 events per hour of sleep.
Sleep abnormality
MedGen UID:
52372
Concept ID:
C0037317
Finding
An abnormal pattern in the quality, quantity, or characteristics of sleep.
Motor stereotypies
MedGen UID:
21318
Concept ID:
C0038271
Individual Behavior
Use of the same abnormal action in response to certain triggers or at random. They may be used as a way to regulate one's internal state but must otherwise have no apparent functional purpose.
EEG abnormality
MedGen UID:
56235
Concept ID:
C0151611
Finding
Abnormality observed by electroencephalogram (EEG), which is used to record of the brain's spontaneous electrical activity from multiple electrodes placed on the scalp.
Hypoplasia of the corpus callosum
MedGen UID:
138005
Concept ID:
C0344482
Congenital Abnormality
Underdevelopment of the corpus callosum.
Hyperactivity
MedGen UID:
98406
Concept ID:
C0424295
Finding
Hyperactivity is a condition characterized by constant and unusually high levels of activity, even in situations where it is deemed inappropriate.
Expressive language delay
MedGen UID:
141568
Concept ID:
C0454641
Disease or Syndrome
A delay in the acquisition of the ability to use language to communicate needs, wishes, or thoughts.
Receptive language delay
MedGen UID:
451061
Concept ID:
C0454642
Finding
A delay in the acquisition of the ability to understand the speech of others.
Global developmental delay
MedGen UID:
107838
Concept ID:
C0557874
Finding
A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age.
Delayed myelination
MedGen UID:
224820
Concept ID:
C1277241
Finding
Delayed myelination.
Reduced eye contact
MedGen UID:
303190
Concept ID:
C1445953
Finding
A reduced frequency or duration of eye contact.
Morphological central nervous system abnormality
MedGen UID:
892343
Concept ID:
C4021765
Anatomical Abnormality
A structural abnormality of the central nervous system.
Micrognathia
MedGen UID:
44428
Concept ID:
C0025990
Congenital Abnormality
Developmental hypoplasia of the mandible.
Scoliosis
MedGen UID:
11348
Concept ID:
C0036439
Disease or Syndrome
The presence of an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.
Trigonocephaly
MedGen UID:
82713
Concept ID:
C0265535
Congenital Abnormality
Wedge-shaped, or triangular head, with the apex of the triangle at the midline of the forehead and the base of the triangle at the occiput.
Generalized hypotonia
MedGen UID:
346841
Concept ID:
C1858120
Finding
Generalized muscular hypotonia (abnormally low muscle tone).
Microcephaly
MedGen UID:
1644158
Concept ID:
C4551563
Finding
Head circumference below 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender.
Hypocholesterolemia
MedGen UID:
57479
Concept ID:
C0151718
Disease or Syndrome
An decreased concentration of cholesterol in the blood.
Wide mouth
MedGen UID:
44238
Concept ID:
C0024433
Congenital Abnormality
Distance between the oral commissures more than 2 SD above the mean. Alternatively, an apparently increased width of the oral aperture (subjective).
Dental malocclusion
MedGen UID:
9869
Concept ID:
C0024636
Anatomical Abnormality
Dental malocclusion refers to an abnormality of the occlusion, or alignment, of the teeth and the way the upper and lower teeth fit together, resulting in overcrowding of teeth or in abnormal bite patterns.
Dental crowding
MedGen UID:
11850
Concept ID:
C0040433
Finding
Changes in alignment of teeth in the dental arch
High palate
MedGen UID:
66814
Concept ID:
C0240635
Congenital Abnormality
Height of the palate more than 2 SD above the mean (objective) or palatal height at the level of the first permanent molar more than twice the height of the teeth (subjective).
Mandibular prognathia
MedGen UID:
98316
Concept ID:
C0399526
Finding
Abnormal prominence of the chin related to increased length of the mandible.
Downslanted palpebral fissures
MedGen UID:
98391
Concept ID:
C0423110
Finding
The palpebral fissure inclination is more than two standard deviations below the mean.
Smooth philtrum
MedGen UID:
222980
Concept ID:
C1142533
Finding
Flat skin surface, with no ridge formation in the central region of the upper lip between the nasal base and upper vermilion border.
Triangular face
MedGen UID:
324383
Concept ID:
C1835884
Finding
Facial contour, as viewed from the front, triangular in shape, with breadth at the temples and tapering to a narrow chin.
Broad forehead
MedGen UID:
338610
Concept ID:
C1849089
Finding
Width of the forehead or distance between the frontotemporales is more than two standard deviations above the mean (objective); or apparently increased distance between the two sides of the forehead.
Prominent nasal tip
MedGen UID:
383839
Concept ID:
C1856118
Finding
Hypothyroidism
MedGen UID:
6991
Concept ID:
C0020676
Disease or Syndrome
Deficiency of thyroid hormone.
Hypermetropia
MedGen UID:
43780
Concept ID:
C0020490
Disease or Syndrome
An abnormality of refraction characterized by the ability to see objects in the distance clearly, while objects nearby appear blurry.
Hypertelorism
MedGen UID:
9373
Concept ID:
C0020534
Finding
Although hypertelorism means an excessive distance between any paired organs (e.g., the nipples), the use of the word has come to be confined to ocular hypertelorism. Hypertelorism occurs as an isolated feature and is also a feature of many syndromes, e.g., Opitz G syndrome (see 300000), Greig cephalopolysyndactyly (175700), and Noonan syndrome (163950) (summary by Cohen et al., 1995).

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVPotocki-Lupski syndrome
Follow this link to review classifications for Potocki-Lupski syndrome in Orphanet.

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Popowski T, Molina-Gomes D, Loeuillet L, Boukobza P, Roume J, Vialard F
Eur J Med Genet 2012 Dec;55(12):723-6. Epub 2012 Aug 28 doi: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2012.08.008. PMID: 22982247
Schmid M, Stary S, Blaicher W, Gollinger M, Husslein P, Streubel B
Prenat Diagn 2012 Apr;32(4):376-82. Epub 2011 Oct 24 doi: 10.1002/pd.2862. PMID: 22025351

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Wakita R, Kusumoto Y, Shinozuka O; Tokyo Metropolitan Hachinan Dental Association, Fukayama H, Maeda S
Spec Care Dentist 2024 Sep;44(5):1393-1398. Epub 2024 May 2 doi: 10.1111/scd.13008. PMID: 38698537
Goldenberg P
Pediatr Ann 2018 May 1;47(5):e198-e203. doi: 10.3928/19382359-20180419-01. PMID: 29750287
Bissell S, Wilde L, Richards C, Moss J, Oliver C
J Neurodev Disord 2018 Jan 10;10(1):2. doi: 10.1186/s11689-017-9221-x. PMID: 29329513Free PMC Article
Chen H, Cade BE, Gleason KJ, Bjonnes AC, Stilp AM, Sofer T, Conomos MP, Ancoli-Israel S, Arens R, Azarbarzin A, Bell GI, Below JE, Chun S, Evans DS, Ewert R, Frazier-Wood AC, Gharib SA, Haba-Rubio J, Hagen EW, Heinzer R, Hillman DR, Johnson WC, Kutalik Z, Lane JM, Larkin EK, Lee SK, Liang J, Loredo JS, Mukherjee S, Palmer LJ, Papanicolaou GJ, Penzel T, Peppard PE, Post WS, Ramos AR, Rice K, Rotter JI, Sands SA, Shah NA, Shin C, Stone KL, Stubbe B, Sul JH, Tafti M, Taylor KD, Teumer A, Thornton TA, Tranah GJ, Wang C, Wang H, Warby SC, Wellman DA, Zee PC, Hanis CL, Laurie CC, Gottlieb DJ, Patel SR, Zhu X, Sunyaev SR, Saxena R, Lin X, Redline S
Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018 Mar;58(3):391-401. doi: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0237OC. PMID: 29077507Free PMC Article
Garay PM, Wallner MA, Iwase S
Epigenomics 2016 Dec;8(12):1689-1708. Epub 2016 Nov 18 doi: 10.2217/epi-2016-0090. PMID: 27855486Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Vetrini F, McKee S, Rosenfeld JA, Suri M, Lewis AM, Nugent KM, Roeder E, Littlejohn RO, Holder S, Zhu W, Alaimo JT, Graham B, Harris JM, Gibson JB, Pastore M, McBride KL, Komara M, Al-Gazali L, Al Shamsi A, Fanning EA, Wierenga KJ, Scott DA, Ben-Neriah Z, Meiner V, Cassuto H, Elpeleg O, Holder JL Jr, Burrage LC, Seaver LH, Van Maldergem L, Mahida S, Soul JS, Marlatt M, Matyakhina L, Vogt J, Gold JA, Park SM, Varghese V, Lampe AK, Kumar A, Lees M, Holder-Espinasse M, McConnell V, Bernhard B, Blair E, Harrison V; DDD study, Muzny DM, Gibbs RA, Elsea SH, Posey JE, Bi W, Lalani S, Xia F, Yang Y, Eng CM, Lupski JR, Liu P
Genome Med 2019 Feb 28;11(1):12. doi: 10.1186/s13073-019-0623-0. PMID: 30819258Free PMC Article
Goldenberg P
Pediatr Ann 2018 May 1;47(5):e198-e203. doi: 10.3928/19382359-20180419-01. PMID: 29750287
Sumathipala DS, Mandawala EN, Sumanasena SP, Dissanayake VH
BMC Res Notes 2015 Sep 29;8:506. doi: 10.1186/s13104-015-1439-7. PMID: 26419729Free PMC Article
Magoulas PL, Liu P, Gelowani V, Soler-Alfonso C, Kivuva EC, Lupski JR, Potocki L
Am J Med Genet A 2014 Feb;164A(2):500-4. Epub 2013 Dec 5 doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36287. PMID: 24311450
Soler-Alfonso C, Motil KJ, Turk CL, Robbins-Furman P, Friedman EM, Zhang F, Lupski JR, Fraley JK, Potocki L
J Pediatr 2011 Apr;158(4):655-659.e2. Epub 2010 Dec 17 doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2010.09.062. PMID: 21168152Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Varon A, Whitt Z, Kalika PM, Potocki L, Barbouth DS, Walz K
Am J Med Genet A 2019 Jul;179(7):1366-1370. Epub 2019 May 8 doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61187. PMID: 31066191
Bravo C, Gámez F, Pérez R, Águarón A, De León-Luis J
J Perinatol 2013 May;33(5):394-6. doi: 10.1038/jp.2012.77. PMID: 23624966
Kuo CC, Chang CC, Hsu HC, Lu TW, Tsai NY
J Pediatr Orthop B 2013 Jan;22(1):42-4. doi: 10.1097/BPB.0b013e328358f89a. PMID: 22990438
Zhang F, Potocki L, Sampson JB, Liu P, Sanchez-Valle A, Robbins-Furman P, Navarro AD, Wheeler PG, Spence JE, Brasington CK, Withers MA, Lupski JR
Am J Hum Genet 2010 Mar 12;86(3):462-70. Epub 2010 Feb 25 doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.02.001. PMID: 20188345Free PMC Article
Potocki L, Bi W, Treadwell-Deering D, Carvalho CM, Eifert A, Friedman EM, Glaze D, Krull K, Lee JA, Lewis RA, Mendoza-Londono R, Robbins-Furman P, Shaw C, Shi X, Weissenberger G, Withers M, Yatsenko SA, Zackai EH, Stankiewicz P, Lupski JR
Am J Hum Genet 2007 Apr;80(4):633-49. Epub 2007 Feb 26 doi: 10.1086/512864. PMID: 17357070Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

Perrot A, Rickert-Sperling S
Adv Exp Med Biol 2024;1441:505-534. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-44087-8_27. PMID: 38884729
Vetrini F, McKee S, Rosenfeld JA, Suri M, Lewis AM, Nugent KM, Roeder E, Littlejohn RO, Holder S, Zhu W, Alaimo JT, Graham B, Harris JM, Gibson JB, Pastore M, McBride KL, Komara M, Al-Gazali L, Al Shamsi A, Fanning EA, Wierenga KJ, Scott DA, Ben-Neriah Z, Meiner V, Cassuto H, Elpeleg O, Holder JL Jr, Burrage LC, Seaver LH, Van Maldergem L, Mahida S, Soul JS, Marlatt M, Matyakhina L, Vogt J, Gold JA, Park SM, Varghese V, Lampe AK, Kumar A, Lees M, Holder-Espinasse M, McConnell V, Bernhard B, Blair E, Harrison V; DDD study, Muzny DM, Gibbs RA, Elsea SH, Posey JE, Bi W, Lalani S, Xia F, Yang Y, Eng CM, Lupski JR, Liu P
Genome Med 2019 Feb 28;11(1):12. doi: 10.1186/s13073-019-0623-0. PMID: 30819258Free PMC Article
Soler-Alfonso C, Motil KJ, Turk CL, Robbins-Furman P, Friedman EM, Zhang F, Lupski JR, Fraley JK, Potocki L
J Pediatr 2011 Apr;158(4):655-659.e2. Epub 2010 Dec 17 doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2010.09.062. PMID: 21168152Free PMC Article
Treadwell-Deering DE, Powell MP, Potocki L
J Dev Behav Pediatr 2010 Feb-Mar;31(2):137-43. doi: 10.1097/DBP.0b013e3181cda67e. PMID: 20110824
Molina J, Carmona-Mora P, Chrast J, Krall PM, Canales CP, Lupski JR, Reymond A, Walz K
Hum Mol Genet 2008 Aug 15;17(16):2486-95. Epub 2008 May 10 doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddn148. PMID: 18469339

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