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CK syndrome(CKS)

MedGen UID:
463131
Concept ID:
C3151781
Disease or Syndrome
Synonym: MENTAL RETARDATION, X-LINKED, WITH THIN BODY HABITUS AND CORTICAL MALFORMATION
SNOMED CT: CK syndrome (773329005); X-linked intellectual disability, microcephaly, cortical malformation, thin habitus syndrome (773329005)
Modes of inheritance:
X-linked recessive inheritance
MedGen UID:
375779
Concept ID:
C1845977
Finding
Source: Orphanet
A mode of inheritance that is observed for recessive traits related to a gene encoded on the X chromosome. In the context of medical genetics, X-linked recessive disorders manifest in males (who have one copy of the X chromosome and are thus hemizygotes), but generally not in female heterozygotes who have one mutant and one normal allele.
 
Gene (location): NSDHL (Xq28)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0010441
OMIM®: 300831
Orphanet: ORPHA251383

Disease characteristics

Excerpted from the GeneReview: NSDHL-Related Disorders
NSDHL-related disorders include CHILD (congenital hemidysplasia with ichthyosiform nevus and limb defects) syndrome, an X-linked disorder that is usually male lethal during gestation and thus predominantly affects females; and CK syndrome, an X-linked disorder that affects males. CHILD syndrome is characterized by unilateral distribution of ichthyosiform skin lesions and ipsilateral limb defects that range from shortening of the metacarpals and phalanges to absence of the entire limb. Intellect is usually normal. The ichthyosiform skin lesions are usually present at birth or in the first weeks of life; new lesions can develop in later life. Onychodystrophy and periungual hyperkeratosis are common. Heart, lung, and kidney malformations can also occur. CK syndrome is characterized by mild-to-severe cognitive impairment and behavior problems (aggression, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], and irritability). All reported affected males have developed seizures in infancy and have cerebral cortical malformations and microcephaly. All have distinctive facial features, a thin habitus, and relatively long, thin fingers and toes. Some have scoliosis and kyphosis. Strabismus is common. Optic atrophy is also reported. [from GeneReviews]
Authors:
Mazen Kurban  |  Jinia El Feghaly  |  Lamiaa Hamie   view full author information

Additional description

From OMIM
CK syndrome (CKS) is an X-linked recessive disorder characterized by mild to severe cognitive impairment, seizures, microcephaly, cerebral cortical malformations, dysmorphic facial features, and thin body habitus. It is named after the first identified patient (summary by McLarren et al., 2010). CHILD syndrome (308050) is an allelic disorder with a different phenotype.  http://www.omim.org/entry/300831

Clinical features

From HPO
Abnormal digit morphology
MedGen UID:
763618
Concept ID:
C3550704
Finding
A morphological abnormality of a digit, i.e., of a finger or toe.
Slender build
MedGen UID:
376828
Concept ID:
C1850573
Finding
Asthenic habitus refers to a slender build with long limbs, an angular profile, and prominent muscles or bones.
Posteriorly rotated ears
MedGen UID:
96566
Concept ID:
C0431478
Congenital Abnormality
A type of abnormal location of the ears in which the position of the ears is characterized by posterior rotation (the superior part of the ears is rotated towards the back of the head, and the inferior part of the ears towards the front).
Aggressive behavior
MedGen UID:
1375
Concept ID:
C0001807
Individual Behavior
Behavior or an act aimed at harming a person, animal, or physical property (e.g., acts of physical violence; shouting, swearing, and using harsh language; slashing someone's tires).
Seizure
MedGen UID:
20693
Concept ID:
C0036572
Sign or Symptom
A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.
Sleep abnormality
MedGen UID:
52372
Concept ID:
C0037317
Finding
An abnormal pattern in the quality, quantity, or characteristics of sleep.
Polymicrogyria
MedGen UID:
78605
Concept ID:
C0266464
Congenital Abnormality
Polymicrogyria is a congenital malformation of the cerebral cortex characterized by abnormal cortical layering (lamination) and an excessive number of small gyri (folds).
Macrogyria
MedGen UID:
120579
Concept ID:
C0266483
Congenital Abnormality
Pachygyria is a malformation of cortical development with abnormally wide gyri with sulci 1,5-3 cm apart and abnormally thick cortex measuring more than 5 mm (radiological definition). See also neuropathological definitions for 2-, 3-, and 4-layered lissencephaly.
Hyperactivity
MedGen UID:
98406
Concept ID:
C0424295
Finding
Hyperactivity is a condition characterized by constant and unusually high levels of activity, even in situations where it is deemed inappropriate.
Delayed speech and language development
MedGen UID:
105318
Concept ID:
C0454644
Finding
A degree of language development that is significantly below the norm for a child of a specified age.
Global developmental delay
MedGen UID:
107838
Concept ID:
C0557874
Finding
A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age.
Irritability
MedGen UID:
397841
Concept ID:
C2700617
Mental Process
A proneness to anger, i.e., a tendency to become easily bothered or annoyed.
Intellectual disability
MedGen UID:
811461
Concept ID:
C3714756
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Intellectual disability, previously referred to as mental retardation, is characterized by subnormal intellectual functioning that occurs during the developmental period. It is defined by an IQ score below 70.
Kyphosis
MedGen UID:
44042
Concept ID:
C0022821
Anatomical Abnormality
Exaggerated anterior convexity of the thoracic vertebral column.
Hyperlordosis
MedGen UID:
9805
Concept ID:
C0024003
Finding
Abnormally increased curvature (anterior concavity) of the lumbar or cervical spine.
Micrognathia
MedGen UID:
44428
Concept ID:
C0025990
Congenital Abnormality
Developmental hypoplasia of the mandible.
Retrognathia
MedGen UID:
19766
Concept ID:
C0035353
Congenital Abnormality
An abnormality in which the mandible is mislocalised posteriorly.
Scoliosis
MedGen UID:
11348
Concept ID:
C0036439
Disease or Syndrome
The presence of an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.
Joint hypermobility
MedGen UID:
336793
Concept ID:
C1844820
Finding
The capability that a joint (or a group of joints) has to move, passively and/or actively, beyond normal limits along physiological axes.
Malar flattening
MedGen UID:
347616
Concept ID:
C1858085
Finding
Underdevelopment of the malar prominence of the jugal bone (zygomatic bone in mammals), appreciated in profile, frontal view, and/or by palpation.
Generalized hypotonia
MedGen UID:
346841
Concept ID:
C1858120
Finding
Generalized muscular hypotonia (abnormally low muscle tone).
Abnormal cortical bone morphology
MedGen UID:
867376
Concept ID:
C4021741
Anatomical Abnormality
An abnormality of compact bone (also known as cortical bone), which forms the dense surface of bones.
Microcephaly
MedGen UID:
1644158
Concept ID:
C4551563
Finding
Head circumference below 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender.
Dental crowding
MedGen UID:
11850
Concept ID:
C0040433
Finding
Changes in alignment of teeth in the dental arch
High palate
MedGen UID:
66814
Concept ID:
C0240635
Congenital Abnormality
Height of the palate more than 2 SD above the mean (objective) or palatal height at the level of the first permanent molar more than twice the height of the teeth (subjective).
Upslanted palpebral fissure
MedGen UID:
98390
Concept ID:
C0423109
Finding
The palpebral fissure inclination is more than two standard deviations above the mean for age (objective); or, the inclination of the palpebral fissure is greater than typical for age.
Epicanthus
MedGen UID:
151862
Concept ID:
C0678230
Congenital Abnormality
Epicanthus is a condition in which a fold of skin stretches from the upper to the lower eyelid, partially covering the inner canthus. Usher (1935) noted that epicanthus is a normal finding in the fetus of all races. Epicanthus also occurs in association with hereditary ptosis (110100).
Long face
MedGen UID:
324419
Concept ID:
C1836047
Finding
Facial height (length) is more than 2 standard deviations above the mean (objective); or, an apparent increase in the height (length) of the face (subjective).
Narrow face
MedGen UID:
373334
Concept ID:
C1837463
Finding
Bizygomatic (upper face) and bigonial (lower face) width are both more than 2 standard deviations below the mean (objective); or, an apparent reduction in the width of the upper and lower face (subjective).
Prominent nasal bridge
MedGen UID:
343051
Concept ID:
C1854113
Finding
Anterior positioning of the nasal root in comparison to the usual positioning for age.
Almond-shaped palpebral fissure
MedGen UID:
870336
Concept ID:
C4024780
Finding
A shape created by an acute downward arching of the upper eyelid and upward arching of the lower eyelid, toward the medial canthus, which gives the outline of the palpebral fissures the configuration of an almond. Thus, the maximum distance between the fissures is offset from, and medial to, the center point.
Strabismus
MedGen UID:
21337
Concept ID:
C0038379
Disease or Syndrome
A misalignment of the eyes so that the visual axes deviate from bifoveal fixation. The classification of strabismus may be based on a number of features including the relative position of the eyes, whether the deviation is latent or manifest, intermittent or constant, concomitant or otherwise and according to the age of onset and the relevance of any associated refractive error.

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
Follow this link to review classifications for CK syndrome in Orphanet.

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Sessa C, Balmaña J, Bober SL, Cardoso MJ, Colombo N, Curigliano G, Domchek SM, Evans DG, Fischerova D, Harbeck N, Kuhl C, Lemley B, Levy-Lahad E, Lambertini M, Ledermann JA, Loibl S, Phillips KA, Paluch-Shimon S; ESMO Guidelines Committee. Electronic address: clinicalguidelines@esmo.org
Ann Oncol 2023 Jan;34(1):33-47. Epub 2022 Oct 25 doi: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.10.004. PMID: 36307055
Tajbakhsh A, Gheibi Hayat SM, Taghizadeh H, Akbari A, Inabadi M, Savardashtaki A, Johnston TP, Sahebkar A
Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2021 Mar;19(3):345-357. Epub 2020 Sep 28 doi: 10.1080/14787210.2020.1822737. PMID: 32921216
Saulino M, Anderson DJ, Doble J, Farid R, Gul F, Konrad P, Boster AL
Neuromodulation 2016 Aug;19(6):632-41. Epub 2016 Jul 19 doi: 10.1111/ner.12467. PMID: 27434299

Recent clinical studies

Therapy

Hagiwara S, Shiohama T, Ogi T, Ichikawa T, Hamada H
Pediatr Int 2022 Jan;64(1):e15335. doi: 10.1111/ped.15335. PMID: 36331250

Prognosis

Spielmann L, Nespola B, Séverac F, Andres E, Kessler R, Guffroy A, Poindron V, Martin T, Geny B, Sibilia J, Meyer A
Ann Rheum Dis 2019 Aug;78(8):1101-1106. Epub 2019 May 24 doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-214439. PMID: 31126956
Kanungo S, Soares N, He M, Steiner RD
Dev Disabil Res Rev 2013;17(3):197-210. doi: 10.1002/ddrr.1114. PMID: 23798009
du Souich C, Chou A, Yin J, Oh T, Nelson TN, Hurlburt J, Arbour L, Friedlander R, McGillivray BC, Tyshchenko N, Rump A, Poskitt KJ, Demos MK, Van Allen MI, Boerkoel CF
Am J Med Genet A 2009 Nov;149A(11):2469-78. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33071. PMID: 19842190

Clinical prediction guides

Spielmann L, Nespola B, Séverac F, Andres E, Kessler R, Guffroy A, Poindron V, Martin T, Geny B, Sibilia J, Meyer A
Ann Rheum Dis 2019 Aug;78(8):1101-1106. Epub 2019 May 24 doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-214439. PMID: 31126956
Preiksaitiene E, Caro A, Benušienė E, Oltra S, Orellana C, Morkūnienė A, Roselló MP, Kasnauskiene J, Monfort S, Kučinskas V, Mayo S, Martinez F
Am J Med Genet A 2015 Jun;167(6):1342-8. Epub 2015 Apr 21 doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36999. PMID: 25900314
Rossi M, Hall CM, Bouvier R, Collardeau-Frachon S, Le Breton F, Bucourt M, Cordier MP, Vianey-Saban C, Parenti G, Andria G, Le Merrer M, Edery P, Offiah AC
Pediatr Radiol 2015 Jul;45(7):965-76. Epub 2015 Feb 3 doi: 10.1007/s00247-014-3257-9. PMID: 25646736

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