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Rheumatic Fever

MedGen UID:
48448
•Concept ID:
C0035436
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Acute Rheumatic Fever; Inflammatory Rheumatism
SNOMED CT: Acute rheumatic arthritis (81077008); Acute rheumatic fever (195528001); ARF - acute rheumatic fever (195528001); Acute arthritis due to acute rheumatic fever (81077008); Acute rheumatic fever with acute arthritis (81077008); RhF - Rheumatic fever (58718002); Rheumatic fever (58718002)
Modes of inheritance:
Not genetically inherited
MedGen UID:
988794
•Concept ID:
CN307044
•
Finding
Source: Orphanet
clinical entity without genetic inheritance.
See: This record
Not genetically inherited (Orphanet)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0017767
Orphanet: ORPHA3099

Definition

Rheumatic fever (RF) is a multisystem inflammatory disease occurring as a post-infectious, nonsuppurative sequela of untreated streptococcus pyogenes (Group A streptococcus [GAS]) pharyngitis, and mainly occurs in individuals aged 5 to 15 years. The most common presenting signs are fever, migratory polyarthritis and carditis. [from ORDO]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Pharyngitis: Approach to diagnosis and treatment.
Sykes EA, Wu V, Beyea MM, Simpson MTW, Beyea JA
Can Fam Physician 2020 Apr;66(4):251-257. PMID: 32273409Free PMC Article
Management of Pharyngitis.
Berkley J
Circulation 2018 Oct 30;138(18):1920-1922. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.035900. PMID: 30372134
Infective Endocarditis in Adults: Diagnosis, Antimicrobial Therapy, and Management of Complications: A Scientific Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association.
Baddour LM, Wilson WR, Bayer AS, Fowler VG Jr, Tleyjeh IM, Rybak MJ, Barsic B, Lockhart PB, Gewitz MH, Levison ME, Bolger AF, Steckelberg JM, Baltimore RS, Fink AM, O'Gara P, Taubert KA; American Heart Association Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, Council on Clinical Cardiology, Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, and Stroke Council
Circulation 2015 Oct 13;132(15):1435-86. Epub 2015 Sep 15 doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000296. PMID: 26373316

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Group A Streptococcus Infections.
Bhavsar SM
Pediatr Rev 2024 Mar 1;45(3):143-151. doi: 10.1542/pir.2023-005976. PMID: 38425166
Neurologic complications of rheumatic fever.
Hawkes MA, Ameriso SF
Handb Clin Neurol 2021;177:23-31. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-819814-8.00002-0. PMID: 33632442
Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease in Children.
Arvind B, Ramakrishnan S
Indian J Pediatr 2020 Apr;87(4):305-311. Epub 2020 Jan 11 doi: 10.1007/s12098-019-03128-7. PMID: 31925717
Poststreptococcal Reactive Arthritis: Diagnostic Challenges.
Chun C, Kingsbury DJ
Perm J 2019;23 Epub 2019 Oct 18 doi: 10.7812/TPP/18.304. PMID: 31926573Free PMC Article
Management of Pharyngitis.
Berkley J
Circulation 2018 Oct 30;138(18):1920-1922. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.035900. PMID: 30372134

Diagnosis

Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease in Children.
Arvind B, Ramakrishnan S
Indian J Pediatr 2020 Apr;87(4):305-311. Epub 2020 Jan 11 doi: 10.1007/s12098-019-03128-7. PMID: 31925717
Acute rheumatic fever.
Webb RH, Grant C, Harnden A
BMJ 2015 Jul 14;351:h3443. doi: 10.1136/bmj.h3443. PMID: 26175053
Fifteen-minute consultation: rheumatic fever.
Markham R, Tulloh R
Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed 2015 Aug;100(4):176-9. Epub 2015 Feb 4 doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2014-306545. PMID: 25653243
Rheumatic fever.
Stollerman GH
Lancet 1997 Mar 29;349(9056):935-42. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(96)06364-7. PMID: 9093263
Rheumatic fever.
Arthritis Rheum 1970 Sep-Oct;13(5):461-72. PMID: 4921514

Therapy

Poststreptococcal Reactive Arthritis: Diagnostic Challenges.
Chun C, Kingsbury DJ
Perm J 2019;23 Epub 2019 Oct 18 doi: 10.7812/TPP/18.304. PMID: 31926573Free PMC Article
Acute rheumatic fever.
Webb RH, Grant C, Harnden A
BMJ 2015 Jul 14;351:h3443. doi: 10.1136/bmj.h3443. PMID: 26175053
Secondary prophylaxis for rheumatic fever: simple concepts, difficult delivery.
Wilson N
World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg 2013 Oct;4(4):380-4. doi: 10.1177/2150135113497240. PMID: 24327631
Bacterial pharyngitis.
Lancet 1987 May 30;1(8544):1241-2. PMID: 2884373
Preventing endocarditis.
Br Med J 1977 Dec 17;2(6102):1564-5. PMID: 589347Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Acute Rheumatic Fever.
Lahiri S, Sanyahumbi A
Pediatr Rev 2021 May;42(5):221-232. doi: 10.1542/pir.2019-0288. PMID: 33931507
Management of Pharyngitis.
Berkley J
Circulation 2018 Oct 30;138(18):1920-1922. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.035900. PMID: 30372134
Infective endocarditis: a review for nurses.
Josephson L
Dimens Crit Care Nurs 2014 Nov-Dec;33(6):327-40. doi: 10.1097/DCC.0000000000000081. PMID: 25280201
Introduction to aortic stenosis.
Carabello BA
Circ Res 2013 Jul 5;113(2):179-85. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.113.300156. PMID: 23833292
Acute rheumatic fever.
Wald ER
Curr Probl Pediatr 1993 Aug;23(7):264-70. doi: 10.1016/0097-3165(93)90018-4. PMID: 8404011

Clinical prediction guides

Tonsillitis and Tonsilloliths: Diagnosis and Management.
Smith KL, Hughes R, Myrex P
Am Fam Physician 2023 Jan;107(1):35-41. PMID: 36689967
Vaccine Approaches To Protect against Group A Streptococcal Pharyngitis.
Fischetti VA
Microbiol Spectr 2019 May;7(3) doi: 10.1128/microbiolspec.GPP3-0010-2018. PMID: 31111819Free PMC Article
Are Janus Kinase Inhibitors Superior over Classic Biologic Agents in RA Patients?
Kotyla PJ
Biomed Res Int 2018;2018:7492904. Epub 2018 May 10 doi: 10.1155/2018/7492904. PMID: 29862290Free PMC Article
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Long-Term Management of Kawasaki Disease: A Scientific Statement for Health Professionals From the American Heart Association.
McCrindle BW, Rowley AH, Newburger JW, Burns JC, Bolger AF, Gewitz M, Baker AL, Jackson MA, Takahashi M, Shah PB, Kobayashi T, Wu MH, Saji TT, Pahl E; American Heart Association Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease Committee of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia; and Council on Epidemiology and Prevention
Circulation 2017 Apr 25;135(17):e927-e999. Epub 2017 Mar 29 doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000484. PMID: 28356445
Streptococcal acute pharyngitis.
Anjos LM, Marcondes MB, Lima MF, Mondelli AL, Okoshi MP
Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2014 Jul;47(4):409-13. doi: 10.1590/0037-8682-0265-2013. PMID: 25229278

Recent systematic reviews

Managing and treating Sydenham chorea: A systematic review.
Tariq S, Niaz F, Waseem S, Shaikh TG, Ahmed SH, Irfan M, Nashwan AJ, Ullah I
Brain Behav 2023 Jun;13(6):e3035. Epub 2023 May 7 doi: 10.1002/brb3.3035. PMID: 37150977Free PMC Article
Antibiotics for treatment of sore throat in children and adults.
Spinks A, Glasziou PP, Del Mar CB
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021 Dec 9;12(12):CD000023. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000023.pub5. PMID: 34881426Free PMC Article
Different antibiotic treatments for group A streptococcal pharyngitis.
van Driel ML, De Sutter AI, Thorning S, Christiaens T
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021 Mar 17;3(3):CD004406. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004406.pub5. PMID: 33728634Free PMC Article
A systematic review of radiological and histological findings of septic myocardial calcifications.
Cappelletti S, Piacentino D, Ciallella C
J Forensic Leg Med 2020 Aug;74:102026. Epub 2020 Jul 25 doi: 10.1016/j.jflm.2020.102026. PMID: 32755766
New onset of dermatomyositis/polymyositis during anti-TNF-α therapies: a systematic literature review.
Brunasso AM, Aberer W, Massone C
ScientificWorldJournal 2014;2014:179180. Epub 2014 Jan 29 doi: 10.1155/2014/179180. PMID: 24600322Free PMC Article

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