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Conjunctival follicles

MedGen UID:
678585
•Concept ID:
C0860499
•
Finding
Synonym: Conjunctival follicle
SNOMED CT: Conjunctival follicle (421242005)
 
HPO: HP:0030947

Definition

Small, dome-shaped nodules without a prominent central vessel located on the conjunctiva. The lymphoid follicles are located in the subendothelial region of the conjunctiva. They consist of a germinal center that contains immature, proliferating lymphocytes, as well as a corona that contains mature lymphocytes and plasma cells. [from HPO]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Oral steroid therapy as an adjuvant treatment for severe epidemic keratoconjunctivitis in patients younger than 3 years.
Kim SY, Chung YK, Lee YC, Kim SY
Cornea 2015 Feb;34(2):182-7. doi: 10.1097/ICO.0000000000000332. PMID: 25522221
From hair to cornea: toward the therapeutic use of hair follicle-derived stem cells in the treatment of limbal stem cell deficiency.
Meyer-Blazejewska EA, Call MK, Yamanaka O, Liu H, Schlötzer-Schrehardt U, Kruse FE, Kao WW
Stem Cells 2011 Jan;29(1):57-66. doi: 10.1002/stem.550. PMID: 20957740Free PMC Article
Clinical treatment of ocular demodecosis by lid scrub with tea tree oil.
Gao YY, Di Pascuale MA, Elizondo A, Tseng SC
Cornea 2007 Feb;26(2):136-43. doi: 10.1097/01.ico.0000244870.62384.79. PMID: 17251800

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

The significance of meibomian gland changes in asymptomatic children.
Zhao Y, Chen S, Wang S, Chen Y, Li J, Fu Y, Dai Q, Lin X, Wu Y, Zhao Y
Ocul Surf 2018 Jul;16(3):301-305. Epub 2018 Mar 21 doi: 10.1016/j.jtos.2018.03.006. PMID: 29574281
Effects of Switching from Timolol to Brimonidine in Prostaglandin Analog and Timolol Combination Therapy.
Aihara M, Adachi M, Hamada N, Honda N, Koseki N, Matsuo H, Miyata K, Otani S, Unoki K
J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2015 Oct;31(8):482-6. Epub 2015 Jun 26 doi: 10.1089/jop.2014.0174. PMID: 26114331
Clinical experience with brimonidine 0.2% and timolol 0.5% in glaucoma and ocular hypertension.
Schuman JS
Surv Ophthalmol 1996 Nov;41 Suppl 1:S27-37. doi: 10.1016/s0039-6257(96)82029-7. PMID: 8970247
Conjunctival biopsy in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis.
Spaide RF, Ward DL
Br J Ophthalmol 1990 Aug;74(8):469-71. doi: 10.1136/bjo.74.8.469. PMID: 2390521Free PMC Article
The serum and conjunctival antibody response to trachoma in Gambian children.
Collier LH, Sowa J, Sowa S
J Hyg (Lond) 1972 Dec;70(4):727-40. doi: 10.1017/s0022172400022579. PMID: 4567314Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Immune keratitis: An unusual primary presentation of neuro-Behçet's disease.
Jinagal J, Agarwal A, Negi A, Gupta G, Sharma V, Gupta PC, Ram J
Eur J Ophthalmol 2019 Jul;29(4):NP5-NP8. Epub 2018 Oct 7 doi: 10.1177/1120672118803534. PMID: 30295071
Follicular Lymphoma Presenting Solely as Chronic Follicular Conjunctivitis.
Duncan J, Chen Y, Fuchs D, Cantu C, Wang M
Cornea 2016 Mar;35(3):395-8. doi: 10.1097/ICO.0000000000000696. PMID: 26606298
Chlamydia trachomatis in the conjunctiva of children living in three rural areas in Mexico.
Goldschmidt P, Vanzzini Zago V, Diaz Vargas L, Espinoza Garcia L, Morales Montoya C, Peralta B, Mercado M
Rev Panam Salud Publica 2007 Jul;22(1):29-34. doi: 10.1590/s1020-49892007000600004. PMID: 17931485
Conjunctival biopsy in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis.
Spaide RF, Ward DL
Br J Ophthalmol 1990 Aug;74(8):469-71. doi: 10.1136/bjo.74.8.469. PMID: 2390521Free PMC Article
The serum and conjunctival antibody response to trachoma in Gambian children.
Collier LH, Sowa J, Sowa S
J Hyg (Lond) 1972 Dec;70(4):727-40. doi: 10.1017/s0022172400022579. PMID: 4567314Free PMC Article

Therapy

Intense Pulsed Light Attenuates Oxidative Stress in Perennial Allergic Conjunctivitis.
Li D, Lu J, Hu Z, Liang J, Lin S
Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2023 Jan;41(1):17-25. doi: 10.1089/photob.2022.0063. PMID: 36629903
Orbital inflammatory disease secondary to epidemic keratoconjunctivitis in an adult patient: case report.
Abikoye TM
Pan Afr Med J 2021;38:166. Epub 2021 Feb 12 doi: 10.11604/pamj.2021.38.166.27121. PMID: 33995773Free PMC Article
Immune keratitis: An unusual primary presentation of neuro-Behçet's disease.
Jinagal J, Agarwal A, Negi A, Gupta G, Sharma V, Gupta PC, Ram J
Eur J Ophthalmol 2019 Jul;29(4):NP5-NP8. Epub 2018 Oct 7 doi: 10.1177/1120672118803534. PMID: 30295071
Clinical experience with brimonidine 0.2% and timolol 0.5% in glaucoma and ocular hypertension.
Schuman JS
Surv Ophthalmol 1996 Nov;41 Suppl 1:S27-37. doi: 10.1016/s0039-6257(96)82029-7. PMID: 8970247
Bulbar conjunctival follicles associated with dipivefrin therapy.
Liesegang TJ
Ophthalmology 1985 Feb;92(2):228-33. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(85)34048-4. PMID: 3982802

Prognosis

Orbital inflammatory disease secondary to epidemic keratoconjunctivitis in an adult patient: case report.
Abikoye TM
Pan Afr Med J 2021;38:166. Epub 2021 Feb 12 doi: 10.11604/pamj.2021.38.166.27121. PMID: 33995773Free PMC Article
Effects of Switching from Timolol to Brimonidine in Prostaglandin Analog and Timolol Combination Therapy.
Aihara M, Adachi M, Hamada N, Honda N, Koseki N, Matsuo H, Miyata K, Otani S, Unoki K
J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2015 Oct;31(8):482-6. Epub 2015 Jun 26 doi: 10.1089/jop.2014.0174. PMID: 26114331
Twelve-month results of an ongoing randomized trial comparing brimonidine tartrate 0.2% and timolol 0.5% given twice daily in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Brimonidine Study Group 2.
LeBlanc RP
Ophthalmology 1998 Oct;105(10):1960-7. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(98)91048-x. PMID: 9787370
Bulbar conjunctival follicles associated with dipivefrin therapy.
Liesegang TJ
Ophthalmology 1985 Feb;92(2):228-33. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(85)34048-4. PMID: 3982802
Comparison of clinical and laboratory findings of intrathoracic sarcoidosis between children and adults.
Niitu Y, Horikawa M, Suetake T, Hasegawa S, Komatsu S
Ann N Y Acad Sci 1976;278:532-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1976.tb47067.x. PMID: 1067038

Clinical prediction guides

Intense Pulsed Light Attenuates Oxidative Stress in Perennial Allergic Conjunctivitis.
Li D, Lu J, Hu Z, Liang J, Lin S
Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2023 Jan;41(1):17-25. doi: 10.1089/photob.2022.0063. PMID: 36629903
The significance of meibomian gland changes in asymptomatic children.
Zhao Y, Chen S, Wang S, Chen Y, Li J, Fu Y, Dai Q, Lin X, Wu Y, Zhao Y
Ocul Surf 2018 Jul;16(3):301-305. Epub 2018 Mar 21 doi: 10.1016/j.jtos.2018.03.006. PMID: 29574281
Effects of Switching from Timolol to Brimonidine in Prostaglandin Analog and Timolol Combination Therapy.
Aihara M, Adachi M, Hamada N, Honda N, Koseki N, Matsuo H, Miyata K, Otani S, Unoki K
J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2015 Oct;31(8):482-6. Epub 2015 Jun 26 doi: 10.1089/jop.2014.0174. PMID: 26114331
What is causing active trachoma? The role of nonchlamydial bacterial pathogens in a low prevalence setting.
Burton MJ, Hu VH, Massae P, Burr SE, Chevallier C, Afwamba IA, Courtright P, Weiss HA, Mabey DC, Bailey RL
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011 Jul 29;52(8):6012-7. doi: 10.1167/iovs.11-7326. PMID: 21693601Free PMC Article
The serum and conjunctival antibody response to trachoma in Gambian children.
Collier LH, Sowa J, Sowa S
J Hyg (Lond) 1972 Dec;70(4):727-40. doi: 10.1017/s0022172400022579. PMID: 4567314Free PMC Article

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