U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Abnormal blood sodium concentration

MedGen UID:
869221
•Concept ID:
C4023644
•
Finding
Synonym: Abnormality of sodium homeostasis
 
HPO: HP:0010931

Definition

An abnormal concentration of sodium. [from HPO]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Clinical Management of Hyperkalemia.
Palmer BF, Carrero JJ, Clegg DJ, Colbert GB, Emmett M, Fishbane S, Hain DJ, Lerma E, Onuigbo M, Rastogi A, Roger SD, Spinowitz BS, Weir MR
Mayo Clin Proc 2021 Mar;96(3):744-762. Epub 2020 Nov 5 doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.06.014. PMID: 33160639
Diagnosis and Management of Disorders of Body Tonicity-Hyponatremia and Hypernatremia: Core Curriculum 2020.
Seay NW, Lehrich RW, Greenberg A
Am J Kidney Dis 2020 Feb;75(2):272-286. Epub 2019 Oct 10 doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2019.07.014. PMID: 31606238
Approach to and management of abnormalities in plasma sodium.
Decaux G
Acta Clin Belg 2019 Feb;74(1):7-20. Epub 2018 Oct 12 doi: 10.1080/17843286.2018.1531616. PMID: 30311550

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Heparin versus 0.9% sodium chloride locking for prevention of occlusion in central venous catheters in adults.
López-Briz E, Ruiz Garcia V, Cabello JB, Bort-Martí S, Carbonell Sanchis R
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022 Jul 18;7(7):CD008462. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008462.pub4. PMID: 35849083Free PMC Article
Serum Sodium Concentration and Mental Status in Children With Diabetic Ketoacidosis.
Glaser NS, Stoner MJ, Garro A, Baird S, Myers SR, Rewers A, Brown KM, Trainor JL, Quayle KS, McManemy JK, DePiero AD, Nigrovic LE, Tzimenatos L, Schunk JE, Olsen CS, Casper TC, Ghetti S, Kuppermann N; Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) DKA FLUID Study Group
Pediatrics 2021 Sep;148(3) Epub 2021 Aug 9 doi: 10.1542/peds.2021-050243. PMID: 34373322
Clinical Management of Hyperkalemia.
Palmer BF, Carrero JJ, Clegg DJ, Colbert GB, Emmett M, Fishbane S, Hain DJ, Lerma E, Onuigbo M, Rastogi A, Roger SD, Spinowitz BS, Weir MR
Mayo Clin Proc 2021 Mar;96(3):744-762. Epub 2020 Nov 5 doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.06.014. PMID: 33160639
A prediction rule to identify low-risk patients with community-acquired pneumonia.
Fine MJ, Auble TE, Yealy DM, Hanusa BH, Weissfeld LA, Singer DE, Coley CM, Marrie TJ, Kapoor WN
N Engl J Med 1997 Jan 23;336(4):243-50. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199701233360402. PMID: 8995086
Epilepsy and pregnancy.
O'Brien MD, Gilmour-White S
BMJ 1993 Aug 21;307(6902):492-5. doi: 10.1136/bmj.307.6902.492. PMID: 8400940Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Stress Cardiac Biomarkers, Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes, and Response to Canagliflozin.
Vaduganathan M, Sattar N, Xu J, Butler J, Mahaffey KW, Neal B, Shaw W, Rosenthal N, Pfeifer M, Hansen MK, Januzzi JL Jr
J Am Coll Cardiol 2022 Feb 8;79(5):432-444. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.11.027. PMID: 35115099Free PMC Article
Diagnosis and Management of Disorders of Body Tonicity-Hyponatremia and Hypernatremia: Core Curriculum 2020.
Seay NW, Lehrich RW, Greenberg A
Am J Kidney Dis 2020 Feb;75(2):272-286. Epub 2019 Oct 10 doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2019.07.014. PMID: 31606238
Exercise-Associated Hyponatremia.
Hew-Butler T
Front Horm Res 2019;52:178-189. Epub 2019 Jan 15 doi: 10.1159/000493247. PMID: 32097926
Cystic fibrosis.
Radlović N
Srp Arh Celok Lek 2012 Mar-Apr;140(3-4):244-9. PMID: 22650116
A prediction rule to identify low-risk patients with community-acquired pneumonia.
Fine MJ, Auble TE, Yealy DM, Hanusa BH, Weissfeld LA, Singer DE, Coley CM, Marrie TJ, Kapoor WN
N Engl J Med 1997 Jan 23;336(4):243-50. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199701233360402. PMID: 8995086

Therapy

Heparin versus 0.9% sodium chloride locking for prevention of occlusion in central venous catheters in adults.
López-Briz E, Ruiz Garcia V, Cabello JB, Bort-Martí S, Carbonell Sanchis R
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022 Jul 18;7(7):CD008462. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008462.pub4. PMID: 35849083Free PMC Article
Stress Cardiac Biomarkers, Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes, and Response to Canagliflozin.
Vaduganathan M, Sattar N, Xu J, Butler J, Mahaffey KW, Neal B, Shaw W, Rosenthal N, Pfeifer M, Hansen MK, Januzzi JL Jr
J Am Coll Cardiol 2022 Feb 8;79(5):432-444. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.11.027. PMID: 35115099Free PMC Article
Clinical Management of Hyperkalemia.
Palmer BF, Carrero JJ, Clegg DJ, Colbert GB, Emmett M, Fishbane S, Hain DJ, Lerma E, Onuigbo M, Rastogi A, Roger SD, Spinowitz BS, Weir MR
Mayo Clin Proc 2021 Mar;96(3):744-762. Epub 2020 Nov 5 doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.06.014. PMID: 33160639
Hyponatremia in Neurotrauma: The Role of Vasopressin.
Kleindienst A, Hannon MJ, Buchfelder M, Verbalis JG
J Neurotrauma 2016 Apr 1;33(7):615-24. Epub 2015 Dec 23 doi: 10.1089/neu.2015.3981. PMID: 26472056
Amphotericin B nephrotoxicity.
Sabra R, Branch RA
Drug Saf 1990 Mar-Apr;5(2):94-108. doi: 10.2165/00002018-199005020-00003. PMID: 2182052

Prognosis

Stress Cardiac Biomarkers, Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes, and Response to Canagliflozin.
Vaduganathan M, Sattar N, Xu J, Butler J, Mahaffey KW, Neal B, Shaw W, Rosenthal N, Pfeifer M, Hansen MK, Januzzi JL Jr
J Am Coll Cardiol 2022 Feb 8;79(5):432-444. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.11.027. PMID: 35115099Free PMC Article
Trimethylamine oxide: a potential target for heart failure therapy.
Lv S, Wang Y, Zhang W, Shang H
Heart 2022 May 25;108(12):917-922. doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2021-320054. PMID: 34611047
Vasopressin receptor antagonists.
Greenberg A, Verbalis JG
Kidney Int 2006 Jun;69(12):2124-30. Epub 2006 May 3 doi: 10.1038/sj.ki.5000432. PMID: 16672911
A prediction rule to identify low-risk patients with community-acquired pneumonia.
Fine MJ, Auble TE, Yealy DM, Hanusa BH, Weissfeld LA, Singer DE, Coley CM, Marrie TJ, Kapoor WN
N Engl J Med 1997 Jan 23;336(4):243-50. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199701233360402. PMID: 8995086
Red blood cell sodium content and permeability changes in hemorrhagic shock.
Illner HP, Cunningham JN Jr, Shires GT
Am J Surg 1982 Mar;143(3):349-55. doi: 10.1016/0002-9610(82)90105-2. PMID: 7039379

Clinical prediction guides

Stress Cardiac Biomarkers, Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes, and Response to Canagliflozin.
Vaduganathan M, Sattar N, Xu J, Butler J, Mahaffey KW, Neal B, Shaw W, Rosenthal N, Pfeifer M, Hansen MK, Januzzi JL Jr
J Am Coll Cardiol 2022 Feb 8;79(5):432-444. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.11.027. PMID: 35115099Free PMC Article
Exercise-Associated Hyponatremia.
Hew-Butler T
Front Horm Res 2019;52:178-189. Epub 2019 Jan 15 doi: 10.1159/000493247. PMID: 32097926
Diabetes and branched-chain amino acids: What is the link?
Bloomgarden Z
J Diabetes 2018 May;10(5):350-352. Epub 2018 Feb 13 doi: 10.1111/1753-0407.12645. PMID: 29369529
A prediction rule to identify low-risk patients with community-acquired pneumonia.
Fine MJ, Auble TE, Yealy DM, Hanusa BH, Weissfeld LA, Singer DE, Coley CM, Marrie TJ, Kapoor WN
N Engl J Med 1997 Jan 23;336(4):243-50. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199701233360402. PMID: 8995086
Amphotericin B nephrotoxicity.
Sabra R, Branch RA
Drug Saf 1990 Mar-Apr;5(2):94-108. doi: 10.2165/00002018-199005020-00003. PMID: 2182052

Recent systematic reviews

Micronutrient status in children and adolescents with Down syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Barišić A, Ravančić ME, Majstorivić D, Vraneković J
J Intellect Disabil Res 2023 Aug;67(8):701-719. Epub 2023 May 22 doi: 10.1111/jir.13042. PMID: 37218392
Heparin versus 0.9% sodium chloride locking for prevention of occlusion in central venous catheters in adults.
López-Briz E, Ruiz Garcia V, Cabello JB, Bort-Martí S, Carbonell Sanchis R
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022 Jul 18;7(7):CD008462. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008462.pub4. PMID: 35849083Free PMC Article
Development of diagnostic criteria and severity scale for polydipsia: A systematic literature review and well-experienced clinicians' consensus.
Sakuma M, Misawa F, Maeda M, Fujii Y, Uchida H, Mimura M, Takeuchi H
Psychiatry Res 2021 Mar;297:113708. Epub 2021 Jan 4 doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113708. PMID: 33461119
Pharmacotherapies that specifically target ammonia for the prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in adults with cirrhosis.
Zacharias HD, Zacharias AP, Gluud LL, Morgan MY
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019 Jun 17;6(6):CD012334. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012334.pub2. PMID: 31204790Free PMC Article
Interventions for chronic non-hypovolaemic hypotonic hyponatraemia.
Nagler EV, Haller MC, Van Biesen W, Vanholder R, Craig JC, Webster AC
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018 Jun 28;6(6):CD010965. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010965.pub2. PMID: 29953167Free PMC Article

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Clinical resources

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.
    • Bookshelf
      See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Consumer resources

    Reviews

    Related information

    • PMC Articles
      Related information in PubMed Central Links
    • PubMed
      Related literature resources in PubMed

    Recent activity

    Clear Turn Off Turn On

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...