From HPO
Tapered finger- MedGen UID:
- 98098
- •Concept ID:
- C0426886
- •
- Finding
The gradual reduction in girth of the finger from proximal to distal.
Limb muscle weakness- MedGen UID:
- 107956
- •Concept ID:
- C0587246
- •
- Finding
Reduced strength and weakness of the muscles of the arms and legs.
Long fingers- MedGen UID:
- 346836
- •Concept ID:
- C1858091
- •
- Finding
The middle finger is more than 2 SD above the mean for newborns 27 to 41 weeks EGA or above the 97th centile for children from birth to 16 years of age AND the five digits retain their normal length proportions relative to each other (i.e., it is not the case that the middle finger is the only lengthened digit), or, Fingers that appear disproportionately long compared to the palm of the hand.
2-3 toe syndactyly- MedGen UID:
- 1645640
- •Concept ID:
- C4551570
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Syndactyly with fusion of toes two and three.
Feeding difficulties- MedGen UID:
- 65429
- •Concept ID:
- C0232466
- •
- Finding
Impaired ability to eat related to problems gathering food and getting ready to suck, chew, or swallow it.
Macrotia- MedGen UID:
- 488785
- •Concept ID:
- C0152421
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Median longitudinal ear length greater than two standard deviations above the mean and median ear width greater than two standard deviations above the mean (objective); or, apparent increase in length and width of the pinna (subjective).
Intellectual disability, mild- MedGen UID:
- 10044
- •Concept ID:
- C0026106
- •
- Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Mild intellectual disability is defined as an intelligence quotient (IQ) in the range of 50-69.
Peripheral neuropathy- MedGen UID:
- 18386
- •Concept ID:
- C0031117
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Peripheral neuropathy is a general term for any disorder of the peripheral nervous system. The main clinical features used to classify peripheral neuropathy are distribution, type (mainly demyelinating versus mainly axonal), duration, and course.
Psychotic disorder- MedGen UID:
- 19568
- •Concept ID:
- C0033975
- •
- Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
A condition characterized by changes in personality and thought patterns, often accompanied by hallucinations and delusional beliefs, is known as psychosis.
Seizure- MedGen UID:
- 20693
- •Concept ID:
- C0036572
- •
- Sign or Symptom
A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.
Tremor- MedGen UID:
- 21635
- •Concept ID:
- C0040822
- •
- Sign or Symptom
An unintentional, oscillating to-and-fro muscle movement about a joint axis.
Sensory neuropathy- MedGen UID:
- 101791
- •Concept ID:
- C0151313
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Peripheral neuropathy affecting the sensory nerves.
Polyneuropathy- MedGen UID:
- 57502
- •Concept ID:
- C0152025
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
A generalized disorder of peripheral nerves.
Corpus callosum, agenesis of- MedGen UID:
- 104498
- •Concept ID:
- C0175754
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
The corpus callosum is the largest fiber tract in the central nervous system and the major interhemispheric fiber bundle in the brain. Formation of the corpus callosum begins as early as 6 weeks' gestation, with the first fibers crossing the midline at 11 to 12 weeks' gestation, and completion of the basic shape by age 18 to 20 weeks (Schell-Apacik et al., 2008). Agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) is one of the most frequent malformations in brain with a reported incidence ranging between 0.5 and 70 in 10,000 births. ACC is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous condition, which can be observed either as an isolated condition or as a manifestation in the context of a congenital syndrome (see MOLECULAR GENETICS and Dobyns, 1996). Also see mirror movements-1 and/or agenesis of the corpus callosum (MRMV1; 157600).
Schell-Apacik et al. (2008) noted that there is confusion in the literature regarding radiologic terminology concerning partial absence of the corpus callosum, where various designations have been used, including hypogenesis, hypoplasia, partial agenesis, or dysgenesis.
Areflexia- MedGen UID:
- 115943
- •Concept ID:
- C0234146
- •
- Finding
Absence of neurologic reflexes such as the knee-jerk reaction.
Limb tremor- MedGen UID:
- 115980
- •Concept ID:
- C0235081
- •
- Sign or Symptom
Demyelinating peripheral neuropathy- MedGen UID:
- 82859
- •Concept ID:
- C0270922
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Demyelinating neuropathy is characterized by slow nerve conduction velocities with reduced amplitudes of sensory/motor nerve conduction and prolonged distal latencies.
Motor polyneuropathy- MedGen UID:
- 82885
- •Concept ID:
- C0271683
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Inflammation or degeneration of the peripheral motor nerves.
Global developmental delay- MedGen UID:
- 107838
- •Concept ID:
- C0557874
- •
- Finding
A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age.
Inability to walk- MedGen UID:
- 107860
- •Concept ID:
- C0560046
- •
- Finding
Incapability to ambulate.
Peripheral axonal neuropathy- MedGen UID:
- 266071
- •Concept ID:
- C1263857
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
An abnormality characterized by disruption of the normal functioning of peripheral axons.
Increased CSF protein concentration- MedGen UID:
- 329971
- •Concept ID:
- C1806780
- •
- Finding
Increased concentration of protein in the cerebrospinal fluid.
Onion bulb formation- MedGen UID:
- 376237
- •Concept ID:
- C1847906
- •
- Finding
Repeated episodes of segmental demyelination and remyelination lead to the accumulation of supernumerary Schwann cells around axons, which is referred to as onion bulb formation. This finding affects peripheral nerves.
Decreased sensory nerve conduction velocity- MedGen UID:
- 336512
- •Concept ID:
- C1849148
- •
- Finding
Reduced speed of conduction of the action potential along a sensory nerve.
Motor delay- MedGen UID:
- 381392
- •Concept ID:
- C1854301
- •
- Finding
A type of Developmental delay characterized by a delay in acquiring motor skills.
Absent speech- MedGen UID:
- 340737
- •Concept ID:
- C1854882
- •
- Finding
Complete lack of development of speech and language abilities.
Decreased nerve conduction velocity- MedGen UID:
- 347509
- •Concept ID:
- C1857640
- •
- Finding
A reduction in the speed at which electrical signals propagate along the axon of a neuron.
Decreased motor nerve conduction velocity- MedGen UID:
- 388130
- •Concept ID:
- C1858729
- •
- Finding
A type of decreased nerve conduction velocity that affects the motor neuron.
Axonal degeneration/regeneration- MedGen UID:
- 368889
- •Concept ID:
- C1968790
- •
- Finding
A pattern of simultaneous degeneration and regeneration of axons (see comment).
Ventriculomegaly- MedGen UID:
- 480553
- •Concept ID:
- C3278923
- •
- Finding
An increase in size of the ventricular system of the brain.
Intellectual disability- MedGen UID:
- 811461
- •Concept ID:
- C3714756
- •
- Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Intellectual disability, previously referred to as mental retardation, is characterized by subnormal intellectual functioning that occurs during the developmental period. It is defined by an IQ score below 70.
Interictal epileptiform activity- MedGen UID:
- 869073
- •Concept ID:
- C4023491
- •
- Finding
Epileptiform activity refers to distinctive EEG waves or complexes distinguished from background activity found in in a proportion of human subjects with epilepsy, but which can also be found in subjects without seizures. Interictal epileptiform activity refers to such activity that occurs in the absence of a clinical or subclinical seizure.
Diffuse white matter abnormalities- MedGen UID:
- 870477
- •Concept ID:
- C4024923
- •
- Anatomical Abnormality
Hypotonia- MedGen UID:
- 10133
- •Concept ID:
- C0026827
- •
- Finding
Hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle). Even when relaxed, muscles have a continuous and passive partial contraction which provides some resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia thus manifests as diminished resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness, although the two conditions can co-exist.
Scoliosis- MedGen UID:
- 11348
- •Concept ID:
- C0036439
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
The presence of an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.
Brachycephaly- MedGen UID:
- 113165
- •Concept ID:
- C0221356
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
An abnormality of skull shape characterized by a decreased anterior-posterior diameter. That is, a cephalic index greater than 81%. Alternatively, an apparently shortened anteroposterior dimension (length) of the head compared to width.
Hypoplasia of the maxilla- MedGen UID:
- 66804
- •Concept ID:
- C0240310
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Abnormally small dimension of the Maxilla. Usually creating a malocclusion or malalignment between the upper and lower teeth or resulting in a deficient amount of projection of the base of the nose and lower midface region.
Flexion contracture- MedGen UID:
- 83069
- •Concept ID:
- C0333068
- •
- Anatomical Abnormality
A flexion contracture is a bent (flexed) joint that cannot be straightened actively or passively. It is thus a chronic loss of joint motion due to structural changes in muscle, tendons, ligaments, or skin that prevents normal movement of joints.
Muscular atrophy- MedGen UID:
- 892680
- •Concept ID:
- C0541794
- •
- Pathologic Function
The presence of skeletal muscular atrophy (which is also known as amyotrophy).
Facial diplegia- MedGen UID:
- 322796
- •Concept ID:
- C1836003
- •
- Finding
Facial diplegia refers to bilateral facial palsy (bilateral facial palsy is much rarer than unilateral facial palsy).
Neonatal hypotonia- MedGen UID:
- 412209
- •Concept ID:
- C2267233
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Muscular hypotonia (abnormally low muscle tone) manifesting in the neonatal period.
EMG: chronic denervation signs- MedGen UID:
- 871143
- •Concept ID:
- C4025614
- •
- Finding
Evidence of chronic denervation on electromyography.
Respiratory tract infection- MedGen UID:
- 11199
- •Concept ID:
- C0035243
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
An infection of the upper or lower respiratory tract.
Restrictive ventilatory defect- MedGen UID:
- 478856
- •Concept ID:
- C3277226
- •
- Finding
A functional defect characterized by reduced total lung capacity (TLC) not associated with abnormalities of expiratory airflow or airway resistance. Spirometrically, a restrictive defect is defined as FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 second) and FVC (forced vital capacity) less than 80 per cent. Restrictive lung disease may be caused by alterations in lung parenchyma or because of a disease of the pleura, chest wall, or neuromuscular apparatus.
High palate- MedGen UID:
- 66814
- •Concept ID:
- C0240635
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Height of the palate more than 2 SD above the mean (objective) or palatal height at the level of the first permanent molar more than twice the height of the teeth (subjective).
Facial asymmetry- MedGen UID:
- 266298
- •Concept ID:
- C1306710
- •
- Finding
An abnormal difference between the left and right sides of the face.
Long face- MedGen UID:
- 324419
- •Concept ID:
- C1836047
- •
- Finding
Facial height (length) is more than 2 standard deviations above the mean (objective); or, an apparent increase in the height (length) of the face (subjective).
Narrow forehead- MedGen UID:
- 326956
- •Concept ID:
- C1839758
- •
- Finding
Width of the forehead or distance between the frontotemporales is more than two standard deviations below the mean (objective); or apparently narrow intertemporal region (subjective).
Low anterior hairline- MedGen UID:
- 331280
- •Concept ID:
- C1842366
- •
- Finding
Distance between the hairline (trichion) and the glabella (the most prominent point on the frontal bone above the root of the nose), in the midline, more than two SD below the mean. Alternatively, an apparently decreased distance between the hairline and the glabella.
Wide nasal bridge- MedGen UID:
- 341441
- •Concept ID:
- C1849367
- •
- Finding
Increased breadth of the nasal bridge (and with it, the nasal root).
Short nose- MedGen UID:
- 343052
- •Concept ID:
- C1854114
- •
- Finding
Distance from nasion to subnasale more than two standard deviations below the mean, or alternatively, an apparently decreased length from the nasal root to the nasal tip.
Ptosis- MedGen UID:
- 2287
- •Concept ID:
- C0005745
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
The upper eyelid margin is positioned 3 mm or more lower than usual and covers the superior portion of the iris (objective); or, the upper lid margin obscures at least part of the pupil (subjective).
Esotropia- MedGen UID:
- 4550
- •Concept ID:
- C0014877
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
A form of strabismus with one or both eyes turned inward ('crossed') to a relatively severe degree, usually defined as 10 diopters or more.
Hypertelorism- MedGen UID:
- 9373
- •Concept ID:
- C0020534
- •
- Finding
Although hypertelorism means an excessive distance between any paired organs (e.g., the nipples), the use of the word has come to be confined to ocular hypertelorism. Hypertelorism occurs as an isolated feature and is also a feature of many syndromes, e.g., Opitz G syndrome (see 300000), Greig cephalopolysyndactyly (175700), and Noonan syndrome (163950) (summary by Cohen et al., 1995).
- Abnormality of head or neck
- Abnormality of limbs
- Abnormality of the digestive system
- Abnormality of the eye
- Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system
- Abnormality of the nervous system
- Abnormality of the respiratory system
- Ear malformation