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Perrault syndrome 1(PRLTS1)

MedGen UID:
1640257
Concept ID:
C4551721
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: GONADAL DYSGENESIS, XX TYPE, WITH DEAFNESS; Ovarian dysgenesis with sensorineural deafness; PRLTS1
 
Gene (location): HSD17B4 (5q23.1)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0009300
OMIM®: 233400

Disease characteristics

Excerpted from the GeneReview: Perrault Syndrome
Perrault syndrome is characterized by sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in males and females and ovarian dysfunction in females. SNHL is bilateral and ranges from profound with prelingual (congenital) onset to moderate with early-childhood onset. When onset is in early childhood, hearing loss can be progressive. Ovarian dysfunction ranges from gonadal dysgenesis (absent or streak gonads) manifesting as primary amenorrhea to primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) defined as cessation of menses before age 40 years. Fertility in affected males is reported as normal (although the number of reported males is limited). Neurologic features described in some individuals with Perrault syndrome include learning difficulties and developmental delay, cerebellar ataxia, and motor and sensory peripheral neuropathy. [from GeneReviews]
Authors:
William G Newman  |  Thomas B Friedman  |  Gerard S Conway, et. al.   view full author information

Additional description

From OMIM
Perrault syndrome is a sex-influenced disorder characterized by sensorineural deafness in both males and females and ovarian dysgenesis in females. Some patients also have neurologic manifestations, including mild mental retardation and cerebellar and peripheral nervous system involvement (summary by Pierce et al., 2010). Pierce et al. (2010) noted that clinical heterogeneity of Perrault syndrome has prompted classification into type I, which is static and without neurologic disease, and type II, which is with progressive neurologic disease. Genetic Heterogeneity of Perrault Syndrome See also PRLTS2 (614926), caused by mutation in the HARS2 gene (600783) on chromosome 5q31; PRLTS3 (614129), caused by mutation in the CLPP gene (601119) on chromosome 19p13; PRLTS4 (615300), caused by mutation in the LARS2 gene (604544) on chromosome 3p21; PRLTS5 (616138), caused by mutation in the TWNK gene (606075) on chromosome 10q24; and PRLTS6, caused by mutation in the ERAL1 gene (607435) on chromosome 17q11. See COXPD54 (619737), which can manifest as Perrault syndrome.  http://www.omim.org/entry/233400

Clinical features

From HPO
Gonadal dysgenesis
MedGen UID:
9075
Concept ID:
C0018051
Congenital Abnormality
A congenital disorder characterized by the presence of extremely hypoplastic gonads preventing the development of secondary sex characteristics.
Primary amenorrhea
MedGen UID:
115918
Concept ID:
C0232939
Disease or Syndrome
Abnormally late or absent menarche in a female with normal secondary sexual characteristics.
Clubfoot
MedGen UID:
3130
Concept ID:
C0009081
Congenital Abnormality
Clubfoot is a congenital limb deformity defined as fixation of the foot in cavus, adductus, varus, and equinus (i.e., inclined inwards, axially rotated outwards, and pointing downwards) with concomitant soft tissue abnormalities (Cardy et al., 2007). Clubfoot may occur in isolation or as part of a syndrome (e.g., diastrophic dysplasia, 222600). Clubfoot has been reported with deficiency of long bones and mirror-image polydactyly (Gurnett et al., 2008; Klopocki et al., 2012).
Pes cavus
MedGen UID:
675590
Concept ID:
C0728829
Congenital Abnormality
An increase in height of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot that does not flatten on weight bearing (i.e., a distinctly hollow form of the sole of the foot when it is bearing weight).
Short stature
MedGen UID:
87607
Concept ID:
C0349588
Finding
A height below that which is expected according to age and gender norms. Although there is no universally accepted definition of short stature, many refer to "short stature" as height more than 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender (or below the 3rd percentile for age and gender dependent norms).
Sensorineural hearing loss disorder
MedGen UID:
9164
Concept ID:
C0018784
Disease or Syndrome
A type of hearing impairment in one or both ears related to an abnormal functionality of the cochlear nerve.
Cerebellar ataxia
MedGen UID:
849
Concept ID:
C0007758
Disease or Syndrome
Cerebellar ataxia refers to ataxia due to dysfunction of the cerebellum. This causes a variety of elementary neurological deficits including asynergy (lack of coordination between muscles, limbs and joints), dysmetria (lack of ability to judge distances that can lead to under- or overshoot in grasping movements), and dysdiadochokinesia (inability to perform rapid movements requiring antagonizing muscle groups to be switched on and off repeatedly).
Dysarthria
MedGen UID:
8510
Concept ID:
C0013362
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Dysarthric speech is a general description referring to a neurological speech disorder characterized by poor articulation. Depending on the involved neurological structures, dysarthria may be further classified as spastic, flaccid, ataxic, hyperkinetic and hypokinetic, or mixed.
Spastic diplegia
MedGen UID:
44181
Concept ID:
C0023882
Disease or Syndrome
Spasticity (neuromuscular hypertonia) primarily in the muscles of the legs, hips, and pelvis.
Intellectual disability, mild
MedGen UID:
10044
Concept ID:
C0026106
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Mild intellectual disability is defined as an intelligence quotient (IQ) in the range of 50-69.
Areflexia
MedGen UID:
115943
Concept ID:
C0234146
Finding
Absence of neurologic reflexes such as the knee-jerk reaction.
Hyporeflexia
MedGen UID:
195967
Concept ID:
C0700078
Finding
Reduction of neurologic reflexes such as the knee-jerk reaction.
Cerebellar atrophy
MedGen UID:
196624
Concept ID:
C0740279
Disease or Syndrome
Cerebellar atrophy is defined as a cerebellum with initially normal structures, in a posterior fossa with normal size, which displays enlarged fissures (interfolial spaces) in comparison to the foliae secondary to loss of tissue. Cerebellar atrophy implies irreversible loss of tissue and result from an ongoing progressive disease until a final stage is reached or a single injury, e.g. an intoxication or infectious event.
Gait ataxia
MedGen UID:
155642
Concept ID:
C0751837
Sign or Symptom
A type of ataxia characterized by the impairment of the ability to coordinate the movements required for normal walking. Gait ataxia is characteirzed by a wide-based staggering gait with a tendency to fall.
Sensorimotor neuropathy
MedGen UID:
207266
Concept ID:
C1112256
Disease or Syndrome
Motor delay
MedGen UID:
381392
Concept ID:
C1854301
Finding
A type of Developmental delay characterized by a delay in acquiring motor skills.
Intention tremor
MedGen UID:
1642960
Concept ID:
C4551520
Sign or Symptom
A type of kinetic tremor that occurs during target directed movement is called intention tremor. That is, an oscillatory cerebellar ataxia that tends to be absent when the limbs are inactive and during the first part of voluntary movement but worsening as the movement continues and greater precision is required (e.g., in touching a target such as the patient's nose or a physician's finger).
Osteoporosis
MedGen UID:
14535
Concept ID:
C0029456
Disease or Syndrome
Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone density and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue with a consequent increase in bone fragility. According to the WHO criteria, osteoporosis is defined as a BMD that lies 2.5 standard deviations or more below the average value for young healthy adults (a T-score below -2.5 SD).
Scoliosis
MedGen UID:
11348
Concept ID:
C0036439
Disease or Syndrome
The presence of an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.
High palate
MedGen UID:
66814
Concept ID:
C0240635
Congenital Abnormality
Height of the palate more than 2 SD above the mean (objective) or palatal height at the level of the first permanent molar more than twice the height of the teeth (subjective).
Increased circulating gonadotropin level
MedGen UID:
400008
Concept ID:
C1862265
Finding
Overproduction of gonadotropins (FSH, LH) by the anterior pituitary gland.
Nystagmus
MedGen UID:
45166
Concept ID:
C0028738
Disease or Syndrome
Rhythmic, involuntary oscillations of one or both eyes related to abnormality in fixation, conjugate gaze, or vestibular mechanisms.
Limited extraocular movements
MedGen UID:
388060
Concept ID:
C1858427
Finding
Limited mobility of the eye within its socket.

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Brodie EJ, Zhan H, Saiyed T, Truscott KN, Dougan DA
Sci Rep 2018 Aug 27;8(1):12862. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-30311-1. PMID: 30150665Free PMC Article
Kosaki R, Horikawa R, Fujii E, Kosaki K
Am J Med Genet A 2018 Feb;176(2):404-408. Epub 2017 Dec 3 doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38552. PMID: 29205794
Dursun F, Mohamoud HS, Karim N, Naeem M, Jelani M, Kırmızıbekmez H
J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2016 Dec 1;8(4):472-477. Epub 2016 Apr 18 doi: 10.4274/jcrpe.2717. PMID: 27087618Free PMC Article
Mayr JA, Haack TB, Freisinger P, Karall D, Makowski C, Koch J, Feichtinger RG, Zimmermann FA, Rolinski B, Ahting U, Meitinger T, Prokisch H, Sperl W
J Inherit Metab Dis 2015 Jul;38(4):629-40. Epub 2015 Mar 17 doi: 10.1007/s10545-015-9831-y. PMID: 25778941Free PMC Article
Öcal G, Berberoğlu M, Sıklar Z, Aycan Z, Hacıhamdioglu B, Savas Erdeve Ş, Çamtosun E, Kocaay P, Ruhi HI, Kılıç BG, Tukun A
J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2015 Feb;28(1):6-11. Epub 2014 Nov 12 doi: 10.1016/j.jpag.2014.01.106. PMID: 25444050

Diagnosis

Munson HE, De Simone L, Schwaede A, Bhatia A, Mithal DS, Young N, Kuntz N, Rao VK
BMC Med Genomics 2023 Nov 6;16(1):278. doi: 10.1186/s12920-023-01599-4. PMID: 37932750Free PMC Article
Neyroud AS, Rudinger-Thirion J, Frugier M, Riley LG, Bidet M, Akloul L, Simpson A, Gilot D, Christodoulou J, Ravel C, Sinclair AH, Belaud-Rotureau MA, Tucker EJ, Jaillard S
Eur J Hum Genet 2023 Apr;31(4):453-460. Epub 2022 Dec 1 doi: 10.1038/s41431-022-01252-1. PMID: 36450801Free PMC Article
Carminho-Rodrigues MT, Klee P, Laurent S, Guipponi M, Abramowicz M, Cao-van H, Guinand N, Paoloni-Giacobino A
BMC Med Genet 2020 May 18;21(1):109. doi: 10.1186/s12881-020-01028-8. PMID: 32423379Free PMC Article
Lerat J, Jonard L, Loundon N, Christin-Maitre S, Lacombe D, Goizet C, Rouzier C, Van Maldergem L, Gherbi S, Garabedian EN, Bonnefont JP, Touraine P, Mosnier I, Munnich A, Denoyelle F, Marlin S
Hum Mutat 2016 Dec;37(12):1354-1362. Epub 2016 Oct 7 doi: 10.1002/humu.23120. PMID: 27650058
Mayr JA, Haack TB, Freisinger P, Karall D, Makowski C, Koch J, Feichtinger RG, Zimmermann FA, Rolinski B, Ahting U, Meitinger T, Prokisch H, Sperl W
J Inherit Metab Dis 2015 Jul;38(4):629-40. Epub 2015 Mar 17 doi: 10.1007/s10545-015-9831-y. PMID: 25778941Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Idyahia A, Redouan S, Amalou G, Charoute H, Harmak H, Bonnet C, Petit C, Benrahma H, Barakat A
Mol Biol Rep 2024 Jul 25;51(1):850. doi: 10.1007/s11033-024-09740-x. PMID: 39052101
Neyroud AS, Rudinger-Thirion J, Frugier M, Riley LG, Bidet M, Akloul L, Simpson A, Gilot D, Christodoulou J, Ravel C, Sinclair AH, Belaud-Rotureau MA, Tucker EJ, Jaillard S
Eur J Hum Genet 2023 Apr;31(4):453-460. Epub 2022 Dec 1 doi: 10.1038/s41431-022-01252-1. PMID: 36450801Free PMC Article
Oziębło D, Pazik J, Stępniak I, Skarżyński H, Ołdak M
Genes (Basel) 2020 Sep 8;11(9) doi: 10.3390/genes11091060. PMID: 32911714Free PMC Article
Ołdak M, Oziębło D, Pollak A, Stępniak I, Lazniewski M, Lechowicz U, Kochanek K, Furmanek M, Tacikowska G, Plewczynski D, Wolak T, Płoski R, Skarżyński H
J Transl Med 2017 Feb 8;15(1):25. doi: 10.1186/s12967-017-1129-4. PMID: 28178980Free PMC Article
Mayr JA, Haack TB, Freisinger P, Karall D, Makowski C, Koch J, Feichtinger RG, Zimmermann FA, Rolinski B, Ahting U, Meitinger T, Prokisch H, Sperl W
J Inherit Metab Dis 2015 Jul;38(4):629-40. Epub 2015 Mar 17 doi: 10.1007/s10545-015-9831-y. PMID: 25778941Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

Neyroud AS, Rudinger-Thirion J, Frugier M, Riley LG, Bidet M, Akloul L, Simpson A, Gilot D, Christodoulou J, Ravel C, Sinclair AH, Belaud-Rotureau MA, Tucker EJ, Jaillard S
Eur J Hum Genet 2023 Apr;31(4):453-460. Epub 2022 Dec 1 doi: 10.1038/s41431-022-01252-1. PMID: 36450801Free PMC Article
Key J, Gispert S, Koornneef L, Sleddens-Linkels E, Kohli A, Torres-Odio S, Koepf G, Amr S, Reichlmeir M, Harter PN, West AP, Münch C, Baarends WM, Auburger G
Cells 2022 Dec 22;12(1) doi: 10.3390/cells12010052. PMID: 36611846Free PMC Article
Fekete B, Pentelényi K, Rudas G, Gál A, Grosz Z, Illés A, Idris J, Csukly G, Domonkos A, Molnar MJ
BMC Med Genet 2019 Dec 18;20(1):198. doi: 10.1186/s12881-019-0934-4. PMID: 31852434Free PMC Article
Brodie EJ, Zhan H, Saiyed T, Truscott KN, Dougan DA
Sci Rep 2018 Aug 27;8(1):12862. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-30311-1. PMID: 30150665Free PMC Article
Ołdak M, Oziębło D, Pollak A, Stępniak I, Lazniewski M, Lechowicz U, Kochanek K, Furmanek M, Tacikowska G, Plewczynski D, Wolak T, Płoski R, Skarżyński H
J Transl Med 2017 Feb 8;15(1):25. doi: 10.1186/s12967-017-1129-4. PMID: 28178980Free PMC Article

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