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Tapered sperm head

MedGen UID:
1635505
Concept ID:
C2208973
Finding
Synonyms: Tapered sperm heads; Tapered-head sperm
 
HPO: HP:0032562

Definition

Sperm with cigar-shaped heads that gradually dimish in diameter (taper). [from HPO]

Conditions with this feature

Spermatogenic failure 24
MedGen UID:
1646063
Concept ID:
C4693751
Disease or Syndrome
Spermatogenic failure-24 (SPGF24) is characterized by multiple morphologic abnormalities of the flagella (MMAF), including absent, short, coiled, bent, and irregular-caliber flagella. Malformations of the sperm head have also been observed. In addition, patients exhibit very low sperm concentrations and total sperm counts per ejaculate (Dong et al., 2018). For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).
Spermatogenic failure 38
MedGen UID:
1680356
Concept ID:
C5193095
Disease or Syndrome
Spermatogenic failure-38 (SPGF38) is characterized by primary infertility and asthenoteratozoospermia due to multiple morphologic abnormalities of the flagella (MMAF). Spermatozoa show total sperm motility below 10% and exhibit morphologic anomalies including short, absent, coiled, bent, or irregular-caliber flagella (Coutton et al., 2019). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).
Spermatogenic failure 39
MedGen UID:
1684778
Concept ID:
C5231438
Disease or Syndrome
Spermatogenic failure-39 (SPGF39) is characterized by infertility due to asthenozoospermia. In some patients, spermatozoa exhibit multiple morphologic anomalies of the sperm flagellum (MMAF), including short, absent, irregularly shaped, and coiled flagella. Abnormalities of the sperm head and midpiece have also been observed, and ultrastructural analysis shows a lack of the outer dynein arms (ODAs) in sperm cells. In other patients, sperm do not exhibit MMAF, and ultrastructural analysis shows that many flagella lack 1 or more of microtubule doublets (MTDs) 4 to 7 at the principal piece or end piece; however, ODAs are present at the remaining MTDs (Whitfield et al., 2019; Zhang et al., 2020). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).
Spermatogenic failure 41
MedGen UID:
1684739
Concept ID:
C5231455
Disease or Syndrome
Spermatogenic failure-41 (SPGF41) is characterized by infertility due to multiple morphologic abnormalities of the flagella (MMAF). Patient semen analysis has also shown oligozoospermia, and the flagellar abnormalities include short, absent, coiled, and irregular-caliber flagella. Some sperm show tapered heads and acrosomal abnormalities (Beurois et al., 2019). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).
Spermatogenic failure 42
MedGen UID:
1684744
Concept ID:
C5231488
Disease or Syndrome
Spermatogenic failure-42 (SPGF42) is characterized by infertility and spermatozoa with almost no progressive motility due to multiple morphologic abnormalities of the flagella (MMAF), including short, absent, coiled, irregular-caliber, and/or bent flagella. Some spermatozoa also show abnormalities of the head, acrosome, midpiece, or endpiece (Lores et al., 2019; Liu et al., 2019). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).
Spermatogenic failure 53
MedGen UID:
1787013
Concept ID:
C5543253
Disease or Syndrome
Spermatogenic failure-53 (SPGF53) is characterized by oocyte fertilization failure due to lack of oocyte activation, associated with ultrastructural abnormalities of the sperm head (Dai et al., 2021). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).
Spermatogenic failure 54
MedGen UID:
1782493
Concept ID:
C5543570
Disease or Syndrome
Spermatogenic failure-54 (SPGF54) is characterized by male infertility due to oligoteratoasthenozoospermia, with markedly reduced sperm counts and severely reduced or absent sperm motility (Arafat et al., 2021). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).
Spermatogenic failure 78
MedGen UID:
1824049
Concept ID:
C5774276
Disease or Syndrome
Spermatogenic failure-78 (SPGF78) is characterized by male infertility resulting from an abnormal acrosome structure due to a manchette assembly defect (Dai et al., 2022). For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).

Recent clinical studies

Therapy

Fawzy M, Emad M, Mahran A, Sabry M, Fetih AN, Abdelghafar H, Rasheed S
Hum Reprod 2018 Sep 1;33(9):1636-1644. doi: 10.1093/humrep/dey258. PMID: 30099496

Prognosis

Hua J, Guo L, Yao Y, Hu W, Wan YY, Xu B
Asian J Androl 2023 May-Jun;25(3):398-403. doi: 10.4103/aja202269. PMID: 36178131Free PMC Article
Osawa Y, Sueoka K, Iwata S, Shinohara M, Kobayashi N, Kuji N, Yoshimura Y
J Assist Reprod Genet 1999 Sep;16(8):436-42. doi: 10.1023/a:1020573609836. PMID: 10478324Free PMC Article
Marchini M, Ruspa M, Baglioni A, Piffaretti-Yanez A, Campana A, Balerna M
Andrologia 1989 Sep-Oct;21(5):468-75. PMID: 2817448

Clinical prediction guides

Hua J, Guo L, Yao Y, Hu W, Wan YY, Xu B
Asian J Androl 2023 May-Jun;25(3):398-403. doi: 10.4103/aja202269. PMID: 36178131Free PMC Article
Chang V, Garcia A, Hitschfeld N, Härtel S
Comput Biol Med 2017 Apr 1;83:143-150. Epub 2017 Mar 2 doi: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2017.03.004. PMID: 28279863
Andrade-Rocha FT
Gynecol Obstet Invest 2009;68(2):134-6. Epub 2009 Jul 15 doi: 10.1159/000228583. PMID: 19602896
Liu DY, Baker HW
J Reprod Fertil 1992 Jan;94(1):71-84. doi: 10.1530/jrf.0.0940071. PMID: 1552494
Urry RL, Heaton JB, Moore M, Middleton RG
Fertil Steril 1990 Feb;53(2):341-5. doi: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)53292-0. PMID: 2298316

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