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Neurodevelopmental disorder with hearing loss and spasticity(NEDHLS)

MedGen UID:
1794234
Concept ID:
C5562024
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: NEDHLS; NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER WITH HEARING LOSS AND SPASTICITY
 
Gene (location): AFG2B (15q21.1)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0859206
OMIM®: 619616

Definition

Neurodevelopmental disorder with hearing loss and spasticity (NEDHLS) is characterized by hearing loss, global developmental delay/impaired intellectual development, spastic-dystonic cerebral palsy, focal or generalized epilepsy, and microcephaly. Some children present with hypotonia (Richard et al., 2021). [from OMIM]

Clinical features

From HPO
Dystonic disorder
MedGen UID:
3940
Concept ID:
C0013421
Sign or Symptom
An abnormally increased muscular tone that causes fixed abnormal postures. There is a slow, intermittent twisting motion that leads to exaggerated turning and posture of the extremities and trunk.
Periventricular leukomalacia
MedGen UID:
6072
Concept ID:
C0023529
Disease or Syndrome
Periventricular leukomalacia is characterized by diffuse injury of deep cerebral white matter, accompanied in its most severe form by focal necrosis. The neuropathologic hallmarks of PVL are microglial activation and focal and diffuse periventricular depletion of premyelinating oligodendroglia.
Spasticity
MedGen UID:
7753
Concept ID:
C0026838
Sign or Symptom
A motor disorder characterized by a velocity-dependent increase in tonic stretch reflexes with increased muscle tone, exaggerated (hyperexcitable) tendon reflexes.
Seizure
MedGen UID:
20693
Concept ID:
C0036572
Sign or Symptom
A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.
Spastic hemiparesis
MedGen UID:
56345
Concept ID:
C0154694
Finding
Unilateral paresis (weakness) with spasticity of the affected muscles and increased tendon reflexes.
Hypoplasia of the corpus callosum
MedGen UID:
138005
Concept ID:
C0344482
Congenital Abnormality
Underdevelopment of the corpus callosum.
Spastic tetraplegia
MedGen UID:
98433
Concept ID:
C0426970
Disease or Syndrome
Spastic paralysis affecting all four limbs.
Bilateral tonic-clonic seizure
MedGen UID:
141670
Concept ID:
C0494475
Sign or Symptom
A bilateral tonic-clonic seizure is a seizure defined by a tonic (bilateral increased tone, lasting seconds to minutes) and then a clonic (bilateral sustained rhythmic jerking) phase.
Global developmental delay
MedGen UID:
107838
Concept ID:
C0557874
Finding
A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age.
Focal-onset seizure
MedGen UID:
199670
Concept ID:
C0751495
Disease or Syndrome
A focal-onset seizure is a type of seizure originating within networks limited to one hemisphere. They may be discretely localized or more widely distributed, and may originate in subcortical structures.
Intellectual disability
MedGen UID:
811461
Concept ID:
C3714756
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Intellectual disability, previously referred to as mental retardation, is characterized by subnormal intellectual functioning that occurs during the developmental period. It is defined by an IQ score below 70.
Infantile spasms
MedGen UID:
854616
Concept ID:
C3887898
Disease or Syndrome
Infantile spasms represent a subset of "epileptic spasms". Infantile Spasms are epileptic spasms starting in the first year of life (infancy).
Enlarged sylvian cistern
MedGen UID:
866575
Concept ID:
C4020921
Finding
An increase in size of the subarachnoid space associated with the lateral cerebral sulcus (Sylvian fissure).
Generalized non-motor (absence) seizure
MedGen UID:
1385688
Concept ID:
C4316903
Disease or Syndrome
A generalized non-motor (absence) seizure is a type of a type of dialeptic seizure that is of electrographically generalized onset. It is a generalized seizure characterized by an interruption of activities, a blank stare, and usually the person will be unresponsive when spoken to. Any ictal motor phenomena are minor in comparison to these non-motor features.
Myoclonic seizure
MedGen UID:
1385980
Concept ID:
C4317123
Sign or Symptom
A myoclonic seizure is a type of motor seizure characterized by sudden, brief (<100 ms) involuntary single or multiple contraction of muscles or muscle groups of variable topography (axial, proximal limb, distal). Myoclonus is less regularly repetitive and less sustained than is clonus.
Micrognathia
MedGen UID:
44428
Concept ID:
C0025990
Congenital Abnormality
Developmental hypoplasia of the mandible.
Hypotonia
MedGen UID:
10133
Concept ID:
C0026827
Finding
Hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle). Even when relaxed, muscles have a continuous and passive partial contraction which provides some resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia thus manifests as diminished resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness, although the two conditions can co-exist.
Scoliosis
MedGen UID:
11348
Concept ID:
C0036439
Disease or Syndrome
The presence of an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.
Microcephaly
MedGen UID:
1644158
Concept ID:
C4551563
Finding
Head circumference below 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender.
High palate
MedGen UID:
66814
Concept ID:
C0240635
Congenital Abnormality
Height of the palate more than 2 SD above the mean (objective) or palatal height at the level of the first permanent molar more than twice the height of the teeth (subjective).
Downslanted palpebral fissures
MedGen UID:
98391
Concept ID:
C0423110
Finding
The palpebral fissure inclination is more than two standard deviations below the mean.
Telecanthus
MedGen UID:
140836
Concept ID:
C0423113
Finding
Distance between the inner canthi more than two standard deviations above the mean (objective); or, apparently increased distance between the inner canthi.
Depressed nasal bridge
MedGen UID:
373112
Concept ID:
C1836542
Finding
Posterior positioning of the nasal root in relation to the overall facial profile for age.
Narrow forehead
MedGen UID:
326956
Concept ID:
C1839758
Finding
Width of the forehead or distance between the frontotemporales is more than two standard deviations below the mean (objective); or apparently narrow intertemporal region (subjective).
Low anterior hairline
MedGen UID:
331280
Concept ID:
C1842366
Finding
Distance between the hairline (trichion) and the glabella (the most prominent point on the frontal bone above the root of the nose), in the midline, more than two SD below the mean. Alternatively, an apparently decreased distance between the hairline and the glabella.
Thick upper lip vermilion
MedGen UID:
339521
Concept ID:
C1846423
Finding
Height of the vermilion of the upper lip in the midline more than 2 SD above the mean. Alternatively, an apparently increased height of the vermilion of the upper lip in the frontal view (subjective).
Cerebral visual impairment
MedGen UID:
890568
Concept ID:
C4048268
Pathologic Function
A form of loss of vision caused by damage to the visual cortex rather than a defect in the eye.

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Salpietro V, Maroofian R, Zaki MS, Wangen J, Ciolfi A, Barresi S, Efthymiou S, Lamaze A, Aughey GN, Al Mutairi F, Rad A, Rocca C, Calì E, Accogli A, Zara F, Striano P, Mojarrad M, Tariq H, Giacopuzzi E, Taylor JC, Oprea G, Skrahina V, Rehman KU, Abd Elmaksoud M, Bassiony M, El Said HG, Abdel-Hamid MS, Al Shalan M, Seo G, Kim S, Lee H, Khang R, Issa MY, Elbendary HM, Rafat K, Marinakis NM, Traeger-Synodinos J, Ververi A, Sourmpi M, Eslahi A, Khadivi Zand F, Beiraghi Toosi M, Babaei M, Jackson A; SYNAPS Study Group, Bertoli-Avella A, Pagnamenta AT, Niceta M, Battini R, Corsello A, Leoni C, Chiarelli F, Dallapiccola B, Faqeih EA, Tallur KK, Alfadhel M, Alobeid E, Maddirevula S, Mankad K, Banka S, Ghayoor-Karimiani E, Tartaglia M, Chung WK, Green R, Alkuraya FS, Jepson JEC, Houlden H
Am J Hum Genet 2024 Jan 4;111(1):200-210. Epub 2023 Dec 20 doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2023.11.012. PMID: 38118446Free PMC Article
Alharby E, Faqeih EA, Saleh M, Alameer S, Almuntashri M, Pastore A, Samman MA, Alnawfal AM, Hashem M, Zaytuni D, Alharbi G, Almannai M, Alasmari A, Mahmoud AA, Alwadei AH, Jad L, AlOtaibi A, Al-Hakami F, Eyaid W, Alkuraya FS, Alfadhel M, Peake RWA, Almontashiri NAM
Genet Med 2020 Dec;22(12):2071-2080. Epub 2020 Aug 3 doi: 10.1038/s41436-020-0919-x. PMID: 32741967
Gincota Bufteac E, Andersen GL, Torstein V, Jahnsen R
BMC Pediatr 2018 Oct 19;18(1):332. doi: 10.1186/s12887-018-1305-6. PMID: 30340478Free PMC Article
Maas RR, Iwanicka-Pronicka K, Kalkan Ucar S, Alhaddad B, AlSayed M, Al-Owain MA, Al-Zaidan HI, Balasubramaniam S, Barić I, Bubshait DK, Burlina A, Christodoulou J, Chung WK, Colombo R, Darin N, Freisinger P, Garcia Silva MT, Grunewald S, Haack TB, van Hasselt PM, Hikmat O, Hörster F, Isohanni P, Ramzan K, Kovacs-Nagy R, Krumina Z, Martin-Hernandez E, Mayr JA, McClean P, De Meirleir L, Naess K, Ngu LH, Pajdowska M, Rahman S, Riordan G, Riley L, Roeben B, Rutsch F, Santer R, Schiff M, Seders M, Sequeira S, Sperl W, Staufner C, Synofzik M, Taylor RW, Trubicka J, Tsiakas K, Unal O, Wassmer E, Wedatilake Y, Wolff T, Prokisch H, Morava E, Pronicka E, Wevers RA, de Brouwer AP, Wortmann SB
Ann Neurol 2017 Dec;82(6):1004-1015. doi: 10.1002/ana.25110. PMID: 29205472Free PMC Article
Jan MM
Ann Saudi Med 2006 Mar-Apr;26(2):123-32. doi: 10.5144/0256-4947.2006.123. PMID: 16761450Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Calame DG, Moreno Vadillo C, Berger S, Lotze T, Shinawi M, Poupak J, Heller C, Cohen J, Person R, Telegrafi A, Phitsanuwong C, Fiala K, Thiffault I, Del Viso F, Zhou D, Fleming EA, Pastinen T, Fatemi A, Thomas S, Pascual SI, Torres RJ, Prior C, Gómez-González C, Biskup S, Lupski JR, Maric D, Holmgren M, Regier D, Yano ST
Brain 2023 Aug 1;146(8):3162-3171. doi: 10.1093/brain/awad124. PMID: 37043503Free PMC Article
Alharby E, Faqeih EA, Saleh M, Alameer S, Almuntashri M, Pastore A, Samman MA, Alnawfal AM, Hashem M, Zaytuni D, Alharbi G, Almannai M, Alasmari A, Mahmoud AA, Alwadei AH, Jad L, AlOtaibi A, Al-Hakami F, Eyaid W, Alkuraya FS, Alfadhel M, Peake RWA, Almontashiri NAM
Genet Med 2020 Dec;22(12):2071-2080. Epub 2020 Aug 3 doi: 10.1038/s41436-020-0919-x. PMID: 32741967
Finsterer J, Scorza FA, Fiorini AC, Scorza CA
Pediatr Neurol 2020 Sep;110:25-29. Epub 2020 Jul 16 doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2020.03.009. PMID: 32684373
McMacken G, Lochmüller H, Bansagi B, Pyle A, Lochmüller A, Chinnery PF, Laurie S, Beltran S, Matalonga L, Horvath R
J Neurol 2020 Dec;267(12):3643-3649. Epub 2020 Jul 12 doi: 10.1007/s00415-020-10059-3. PMID: 32656641Free PMC Article
RICHARDS BW
Can Med Assoc J 1963 Nov 16;89(20):1024-9. PMID: 14081787Free PMC Article

Therapy

van Klink JM, Slaghekke F, Balestriero MA, Scelsa B, Introvini P, Rustico M, Faiola S, Rijken M, Koopman HM, Middeldorp JM, Oepkes D, Lopriore E
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Brain 2011 Dec;134(Pt 12):3502-15. Epub 2011 Nov 26 doi: 10.1093/brain/awr302. PMID: 22120147
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Kirsten GF, van Zyl JI, le Grange M, Ancker E, van Zyl F
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Prognosis

Alharby E, Faqeih EA, Saleh M, Alameer S, Almuntashri M, Pastore A, Samman MA, Alnawfal AM, Hashem M, Zaytuni D, Alharbi G, Almannai M, Alasmari A, Mahmoud AA, Alwadei AH, Jad L, AlOtaibi A, Al-Hakami F, Eyaid W, Alkuraya FS, Alfadhel M, Peake RWA, Almontashiri NAM
Genet Med 2020 Dec;22(12):2071-2080. Epub 2020 Aug 3 doi: 10.1038/s41436-020-0919-x. PMID: 32741967
Maas RR, Iwanicka-Pronicka K, Kalkan Ucar S, Alhaddad B, AlSayed M, Al-Owain MA, Al-Zaidan HI, Balasubramaniam S, Barić I, Bubshait DK, Burlina A, Christodoulou J, Chung WK, Colombo R, Darin N, Freisinger P, Garcia Silva MT, Grunewald S, Haack TB, van Hasselt PM, Hikmat O, Hörster F, Isohanni P, Ramzan K, Kovacs-Nagy R, Krumina Z, Martin-Hernandez E, Mayr JA, McClean P, De Meirleir L, Naess K, Ngu LH, Pajdowska M, Rahman S, Riordan G, Riley L, Roeben B, Rutsch F, Santer R, Schiff M, Seders M, Sequeira S, Sperl W, Staufner C, Synofzik M, Taylor RW, Trubicka J, Tsiakas K, Unal O, Wassmer E, Wedatilake Y, Wolff T, Prokisch H, Morava E, Pronicka E, Wevers RA, de Brouwer AP, Wortmann SB
Ann Neurol 2017 Dec;82(6):1004-1015. doi: 10.1002/ana.25110. PMID: 29205472Free PMC Article
Miyake N, Wolf NI, Cayami FK, Crawford J, Bley A, Bulas D, Conant A, Bent SJ, Gripp KW, Hahn A, Humphray S, Kimura-Ohba S, Kingsbury Z, Lajoie BR, Lal D, Micha D, Pizzino A, Sinke RJ, Sival D, Stolte-Dijkstra I, Superti-Furga A, Ulrick N, Taft RJ, Ogata T, Ozono K, Matsumoto N, Neubauer BA, Simons C, Vanderver A
Neurogenetics 2017 Dec;18(4):185-194. Epub 2017 Aug 26 doi: 10.1007/s10048-017-0520-x. PMID: 28842795Free PMC Article
Tanaka AJ, Cho MT, Millan F, Juusola J, Retterer K, Joshi C, Niyazov D, Garnica A, Gratz E, Deardorff M, Wilkins A, Ortiz-Gonzalez X, Mathews K, Panzer K, Brilstra E, van Gassen KL, Volker-Touw CM, van Binsbergen E, Sobreira N, Hamosh A, McKnight D, Monaghan KG, Chung WK
Am J Hum Genet 2015 Sep 3;97(3):457-64. Epub 2015 Aug 20 doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.07.014. PMID: 26299366Free PMC Article
Jan MM
Ann Saudi Med 2006 Mar-Apr;26(2):123-32. doi: 10.5144/0256-4947.2006.123. PMID: 16761450Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

Ivarola P, Urdinez L, Oleastro M, Labonia D, Roizen M, Caraballo R, Tenembaum S
Pediatr Neurol 2024 Sep;158:49-56. Epub 2024 Jun 8 doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2024.05.022. PMID: 38959649
Kaiyrzhanov R, Rad A, Lin SJ, Bertoli-Avella A, Kallemeijn WW, Godwin A, Zaki MS, Huang K, Lau T, Petree C, Efthymiou S, Karimiani EG, Hempel M, Normand EA, Rudnik-Schöneborn S, Schatz UA, Baggelaar MP, Ilyas M, Sultan T, Alvi JR, Ganieva M, Fowler B, Aanicai R, Tayfun GA, Al Saman A, Alswaid A, Amiri N, Asilova N, Shotelersuk V, Yeetong P, Azam M, Babaei M, Monajemi GB, Mohammadi P, Samie S, Banu SH, Pinto Basto J, Kortüm F, Bauer M, Bauer P, Beetz C, Garshasbi M, Issa AH, Eyaid W, Ahmed H, Hashemi N, Hassanpour K, Herman I, Ibrohimov S, Abdul-Majeed BA, Imdad M, Isrofilov M, Kaiyal Q, Khan S, Kirmse B, Koster J, Lourenço CM, Mitani T, Moldovan O, Murphy D, Najafi M, Pehlivan D, Rocha ME, Salpietro V, Schmidts M, Shalata A, Mahroum M, Talbeya JK, Taylor RW, Vazquez D, Vetro A, Waterham HR, Zaman M, Schrader TA, Chung WK, Guerrini R, Lupski JR, Gleeson J, Suri M, Jamshidi Y, Bhatia KP, Vona B, Schrader M, Severino M, Guille M, Tate EW, Varshney GK, Houlden H, Maroofian R
Brain 2024 Apr 4;147(4):1436-1456. doi: 10.1093/brain/awad380. PMID: 37951597Free PMC Article
Gincota Bufteac E, Andersen GL, Torstein V, Jahnsen R
BMC Pediatr 2018 Oct 19;18(1):332. doi: 10.1186/s12887-018-1305-6. PMID: 30340478Free PMC Article
Tanaka AJ, Cho MT, Millan F, Juusola J, Retterer K, Joshi C, Niyazov D, Garnica A, Gratz E, Deardorff M, Wilkins A, Ortiz-Gonzalez X, Mathews K, Panzer K, Brilstra E, van Gassen KL, Volker-Touw CM, van Binsbergen E, Sobreira N, Hamosh A, McKnight D, Monaghan KG, Chung WK
Am J Hum Genet 2015 Sep 3;97(3):457-64. Epub 2015 Aug 20 doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.07.014. PMID: 26299366Free PMC Article
RICHARDS BW
Can Med Assoc J 1963 Nov 16;89(20):1024-9. PMID: 14081787Free PMC Article

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