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Hereditary spastic paraplegia 12(SPG12)

MedGen UID:
347618
Concept ID:
C1858106
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Spastic paraplegia 12; SPASTIC PARAPLEGIA 12, AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT; SPG12
SNOMED CT: Autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia type 12 (763374004)
Modes of inheritance:
Autosomal dominant inheritance
MedGen UID:
141047
Concept ID:
C0443147
Intellectual Product
Source: Orphanet
A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in heterozygotes. In the context of medical genetics, an autosomal dominant disorder is caused when a single copy of the mutant allele is present. Males and females are affected equally, and can both transmit the disorder with a risk of 50% for each child of inheriting the mutant allele.
 
Gene (location): RTN2 (19q13.32)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0011489
OMIM®: 604805
Orphanet: ORPHA100993

Definition

Spastic paraplegia-12 (SPG12) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder characterized by lower limb spasticity and hyperreflexia, resulting in walking difficulties. Some patients may have urinary symptoms and distal sensory impairment. Age at onset ranges from childhood to adulthood (summary by Montenegro et al., 2012). For a general description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia, see SPG3A (182600). [from OMIM]

Clinical features

From HPO
Urinary incontinence
MedGen UID:
22579
Concept ID:
C0042024
Finding
Loss of the ability to control the urinary bladder leading to involuntary urination.
Urinary urgency
MedGen UID:
39315
Concept ID:
C0085606
Finding
Urge incontinence is the strong, sudden need to urinate.
Urinary bladder sphincter dysfunction
MedGen UID:
334804
Concept ID:
C1843663
Finding
Abnormal function of a sphincter of the urinary bladder.
Ankle clonus
MedGen UID:
68672
Concept ID:
C0238651
Finding
Clonus is an involuntary tendon reflex that causes repeated flexion and extension of the foot. Ankle clonus is tested by rapidly flexing the foot upward.
Pes cavus
MedGen UID:
675590
Concept ID:
C0728829
Congenital Abnormality
An increase in height of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot that does not flatten on weight bearing (i.e., a distinctly hollow form of the sole of the foot when it is bearing weight).
Lower limb muscle weakness
MedGen UID:
324478
Concept ID:
C1836296
Finding
Weakness of the muscles of the legs.
Babinski sign
MedGen UID:
19708
Concept ID:
C0034935
Finding
Upturning of the big toe (and sometimes fanning of the other toes) in response to stimulation of the sole of the foot. If the Babinski sign is present it can indicate damage to the corticospinal tract.
Spastic paraplegia
MedGen UID:
20882
Concept ID:
C0037772
Disease or Syndrome
Spasticity and weakness of the leg and hip muscles.
Hyperreflexia
MedGen UID:
57738
Concept ID:
C0151889
Finding
Hyperreflexia is the presence of hyperactive stretch reflexes of the muscles.
Spastic gait
MedGen UID:
115907
Concept ID:
C0231687
Finding
Spasticity is manifested by increased stretch reflex which is intensified with movement velocity. This results in excessive and inappropriate muscle activation which can contribute to muscle hypertonia. Spastic gait is characterized by manifestations such as muscle hypertonia, stiff knee, and circumduction of the leg.
Knee clonus
MedGen UID:
488908
Concept ID:
C0520823
Finding
Clonus is an involuntary tendon reflex that causes repeated flexion and extension of the foot. Knee clonus can be tested by rapidly pushing the patella towards the toes.
Lower limb spasticity
MedGen UID:
220865
Concept ID:
C1271100
Finding
Spasticity (velocity-dependent increase in tonic stretch reflexes with increased muscle tone and hyperexcitable tendon reflexes) in the muscles of the lower limbs, hips, and pelvis.
Impaired vibration sensation in the lower limbs
MedGen UID:
338617
Concept ID:
C1849134
Finding
A decrease in the ability to perceive vibration in the legs.

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVHereditary spastic paraplegia 12
Follow this link to review classifications for Hereditary spastic paraplegia 12 in Orphanet.

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Meyyazhagan A, Kuchi Bhotla H, Pappuswamy M, Orlacchio A
Int J Mol Sci 2022 Jul 11;23(14) doi: 10.3390/ijms23147665. PMID: 35887006Free PMC Article
Döring JH, Schröter J, Jüngling J, Biskup S, Klotz KA, Bast T, Dietel T, Korenke GC, Christoph S, Brennenstuhl H, Rubboli G, Møller RS, Lesca G, Chaix Y, Kölker S, Hoffmann GF, Lemke JR, Syrbe S
Int J Mol Sci 2021 Mar 10;22(6) doi: 10.3390/ijms22062824. PMID: 33802230Free PMC Article
Zhou YX, Qiao WH, Gu WH, Xie H, Tang BS, Zhou LS, Yang BX, Takiyama Y, Tsuji S, He HY, Deng CX, Goldfarb LG, Wang GX
Arch Neurol 2001 May;58(5):789-94. doi: 10.1001/archneur.58.5.789. PMID: 11346374

Recent clinical studies

Therapy

Dowling JJ, Pirovolakis T, Devakandan K, Stosic A, Pidsadny M, Nigro E, Sahin M, Ebrahimi-Fakhari D, Messahel S, Varadarajan G, Greenberg BM, Chen X, Minassian BA, Cohn R, Bonnemann CG, Gray SJ
Nat Med 2024 Jul;30(7):1882-1887. Epub 2024 Jun 28 doi: 10.1038/s41591-024-03078-4. PMID: 38942994Free PMC Article
Meyyazhagan A, Kuchi Bhotla H, Pappuswamy M, Orlacchio A
Int J Mol Sci 2022 Jul 11;23(14) doi: 10.3390/ijms23147665. PMID: 35887006Free PMC Article
Lin Q, Liu Y, Ye Z, Hu J, Cai W, Weng Q, Chen WJ, Wang N, Cao D, Lin Y, Fu Y
Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021 Sep 19;16(1):391. doi: 10.1186/s13023-021-02014-w. PMID: 34538260Free PMC Article
Schöls L, Rattay TW, Martus P, Meisner C, Baets J, Fischer I, Jägle C, Fraidakis MJ, Martinuzzi A, Saute JA, Scarlato M, Antenora A, Stendel C, Höflinger P, Lourenco CM, Abreu L, Smets K, Paucar M, Deconinck T, Bis DM, Wiethoff S, Bauer P, Arnoldi A, Marques W, Jardim LB, Hauser S, Criscuolo C, Filla A, Züchner S, Bassi MT, Klopstock T, De Jonghe P, Björkhem I, Schüle R
Brain 2017 Dec 1;140(12):3112-3127. doi: 10.1093/brain/awx273. PMID: 29126212Free PMC Article
Béreau M, Anheim M, Chanson JB, Tio G, Echaniz-Laguna A, Depienne C, Collongues N, de Sèze J
J Neurol 2015 May;262(5):1285-8. Epub 2015 Mar 26 doi: 10.1007/s00415-015-7707-6. PMID: 25808501

Prognosis

Dowling JJ, Pirovolakis T, Devakandan K, Stosic A, Pidsadny M, Nigro E, Sahin M, Ebrahimi-Fakhari D, Messahel S, Varadarajan G, Greenberg BM, Chen X, Minassian BA, Cohn R, Bonnemann CG, Gray SJ
Nat Med 2024 Jul;30(7):1882-1887. Epub 2024 Jun 28 doi: 10.1038/s41591-024-03078-4. PMID: 38942994Free PMC Article
Rios JJ, Li Y, Paria N, Bohlender RJ, Huff C, Rosenfeld JA, Liu P, Bi W, Haga K, Fukuda M, Vashisth S, Kaur K, Chahrour MH, Bober MB, Duker AL, Ladha FA, Hanchard NA, Atala K, Khanshour AM, Smith L, Wise CA, Delgado MR
Am J Hum Genet 2023 Dec 7;110(12):2103-2111. Epub 2023 Nov 3 doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2023.10.009. PMID: 37924809Free PMC Article
Döring JH, Schröter J, Jüngling J, Biskup S, Klotz KA, Bast T, Dietel T, Korenke GC, Christoph S, Brennenstuhl H, Rubboli G, Møller RS, Lesca G, Chaix Y, Kölker S, Hoffmann GF, Lemke JR, Syrbe S
Int J Mol Sci 2021 Mar 10;22(6) doi: 10.3390/ijms22062824. PMID: 33802230Free PMC Article
Chen X, Liu J, Wei QQ, Ou RW, Cao B, Yuan X, Hou Y, Zhang L, Shang H
BMC Neurol 2020 Jan 3;20(1):2. doi: 10.1186/s12883-019-1593-y. PMID: 31900114Free PMC Article
Béreau M, Anheim M, Chanson JB, Tio G, Echaniz-Laguna A, Depienne C, Collongues N, de Sèze J
J Neurol 2015 May;262(5):1285-8. Epub 2015 Mar 26 doi: 10.1007/s00415-015-7707-6. PMID: 25808501

Clinical prediction guides

Alkhalifa A, Chen S, Hasiloglu ZI, Filosto M, Cali E, Houlden H, Sgobbi de Souza P, Alavi A, Goizet C, Stevanin G, Taithe F, Nicita F, Vasco G, Tozza S, Cocozza S, Carboni N, Figus A, Wu J, Basak AN, Brais B, Rouleau G, La Piana R
J Neurol 2023 Dec;270(12):5784-5792. Epub 2023 Aug 14 doi: 10.1007/s00415-023-11918-5. PMID: 37578488
Meyyazhagan A, Kuchi Bhotla H, Pappuswamy M, Orlacchio A
Int J Mol Sci 2022 Jul 11;23(14) doi: 10.3390/ijms23147665. PMID: 35887006Free PMC Article
Meyyazhagan A, Orlacchio A
Int J Mol Sci 2022 Feb 1;23(3) doi: 10.3390/ijms23031697. PMID: 35163618Free PMC Article
Hsu SL, Hsueh HW, Chen SY, Chang YY, Tan S, Hong CT, Tsai YS, Yu KW, Wu HM, Liao YC, Soong BW, Hu CJ, Lan MY, Lee YC
Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2021 Jun;87:87-91. Epub 2021 May 11 doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2021.05.004. PMID: 34015694
González-Salazar C, Takazaki KAG, Martinez ARM, Pimentel-Silva LR, Jacinto-Scudeiro LA, Nakagawa ÉY, Fujiwara Murakami CE, Saute JAM, Pedroso JL, Barsottini OGP, Teive HAG, França MC Jr
Eur J Neurol 2019 Apr;26(4):687-693. Epub 2019 Jan 10 doi: 10.1111/ene.13878. PMID: 30489674

Recent systematic reviews

Fereshtehnejad SM, Saleh PA, Oliveira LM, Patel N, Bhowmick S, Saranza G, Kalia LV
Neurol Sci 2023 Mar;44(3):947-959. Epub 2022 Nov 28 doi: 10.1007/s10072-022-06516-8. PMID: 36441344Free PMC Article
Loureiro JL, Brandão E, Ruano L, Brandão AF, Lopes AM, Thieleke-Matos C, Miller-Fleming L, Cruz VT, Barbosa M, Silveira I, Stevanin G, Pinto-Basto J, Sequeiros J, Alonso I, Coutinho P
JAMA Neurol 2013 Apr;70(4):481-7. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2013.1956. PMID: 23400676

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