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Leishmaniasis, diffuse cutaneous

MedGen UID:
39020
•Concept ID:
C0085311
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Cutaneous Leishmaniases, Diffuse; Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, Diffuse; Diffuse Cutaneous Leishmaniases; Diffuse Cutaneous Leishmaniasis; Leishmaniases, Diffuse Cutaneous; Leishmaniasis, Diffuse Cutaneous
SNOMED CT: DCL - Diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (38573008); Diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (38573008)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0043904

Definition

A form of LEISHMANIASIS, CUTANEOUS caused by Leishmania aethiopica in Ethiopia and Kenya, L. pifanoi in Venezuela, L. braziliensis in South America, and L. mexicana in Central America. This disease is characterized by massive dissemination of skin lesions without visceral involvement. [from MONDO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVLeishmaniasis, diffuse cutaneous

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Clinical features and treatment response of cutaneous leishmaniasis in North-West Ethiopia.
Fikre H, Mohammed R, Atinafu S, van Griensven J, Diro E
Trop Med Int Health 2017 Oct;22(10):1293-1301. Epub 2017 Aug 13 doi: 10.1111/tmi.12928. PMID: 28712122
Cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis: Differential diagnosis, diagnosis, histopathology, and management.
Handler MZ, Patel PA, Kapila R, Al-Qubati Y, Schwartz RA
J Am Acad Dermatol 2015 Dec;73(6):911-26; 927-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2014.09.014. PMID: 26568336
Treatment of leishmaniasis with miltefosine: 2008 status.
Berman JJ
Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2008 Sep;4(9):1209-16. doi: 10.1517/17425255.4.9.1209. PMID: 18721114

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Comparative analysis of the tissue inflammatory response in human cutaneous and disseminated leishmaniasis.
Dantas ML, Oliveira JM, Carvalho L, Passos ST, Queiroz A, Guimarães LH, Machado P, Carvalho E, Arruda S
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2014 Apr;109(2):202-9. Epub 2014 Mar 5 doi: 10.1590/0074-0276130312. PMID: 24676653Free PMC Article
CD8 cells of patients with diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis display functional exhaustion: the latter is reversed, in vitro, by TLR2 agonists.
Hernández-Ruiz J, Salaiza-Suazo N, Carrada G, Escoto S, Ruiz-Remigio A, Rosenstein Y, Zentella A, Becker I
PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2010 Nov 2;4(11):e871. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000871. PMID: 21072232Free PMC Article
Clinical features of cutaneous and disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis in Paraty, Rio de Janeiro.
Vieira-Gonçalves R, Pirmez C, Jorge ME, Souza WJ, Oliveira MP, Rutowitsch MS, Da-Cruz AM
Int J Dermatol 2008 Sep;47(9):926-32. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2008.03701.x. PMID: 18937655
Monocyte cytokine and costimulatory molecule expression in patients infected with Leishmania mexicana.
Carrada G, Cañeda C, Salaiza N, Delgado J, Ruiz A, Sanchez B, Gutiérrez-Kobeh L, Aguirre M, Becker I
Parasite Immunol 2007 Mar;29(3):117-26. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2006.00924.x. PMID: 17266739
Disseminated leishmaniasis: a new and emerging form of leishmaniasis observed in northeastern Brazil.
Turetz ML, Machado PR, Ko AI, Alves F, Bittencourt A, Almeida RP, Mobashery N, Johnson WD Jr, Carvalho EM
J Infect Dis 2002 Dec 15;186(12):1829-34. Epub 2002 Nov 19 doi: 10.1086/345772. PMID: 12447770

Diagnosis

Diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis and HIV co-infection: A case report and review of the literature.
Kassardjian AA, Yim KM, Rabi S, Liang TZ, Kim GH, Ochoa MT, Sattah MV, Ahronowitz IZ
J Cutan Pathol 2021 Jun;48(6):802-806. Epub 2021 Mar 21 doi: 10.1111/cup.13993. PMID: 33611800
New World and Old World Leishmania Infections: A Practical Review.
Kevric I, Cappel MA, Keeling JH
Dermatol Clin 2015 Jul;33(3):579-93. doi: 10.1016/j.det.2015.03.018. PMID: 26143433
Cutaneous leishmaniasis: clinical features and diagnosis.
Salman SM, Rubeiz NG, Kibbi AG
Clin Dermatol 1999 May-Jun;17(3):291-6. doi: 10.1016/s0738-081x(99)00047-4. PMID: 10384868
Cutaneous leishmaniasis: clinical aspect.
Dowlati Y
Clin Dermatol 1996 Sep-Oct;14(5):425-31. doi: 10.1016/0738-081x(96)00058-2. PMID: 8889320
Leishmaniasis.
Grevelink SA, Lerner EA
J Am Acad Dermatol 1996 Feb;34(2 Pt 1):257-72. doi: 10.1016/s0190-9622(96)80121-6. PMID: 8642091

Therapy

Case Report: Diffuse Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Successfully Treated with a Combination of Oral Rifampicin and Fluconazole.
Yadav N, Madke B
Am J Trop Med Hyg 2023 Aug 2;109(2):315-318. Epub 2023 Jul 10 doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0170. PMID: 37429574Free PMC Article
Diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis and HIV co-infection: A case report and review of the literature.
Kassardjian AA, Yim KM, Rabi S, Liang TZ, Kim GH, Ochoa MT, Sattah MV, Ahronowitz IZ
J Cutan Pathol 2021 Jun;48(6):802-806. Epub 2021 Mar 21 doi: 10.1111/cup.13993. PMID: 33611800
New World and Old World Leishmania Infections: A Practical Review.
Kevric I, Cappel MA, Keeling JH
Dermatol Clin 2015 Jul;33(3):579-93. doi: 10.1016/j.det.2015.03.018. PMID: 26143433
In vitro and in vivo miltefosine susceptibility of a Leishmania amazonensis isolate from a patient with diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis.
Coelho AC, Trinconi CT, Costa CH, Uliana SR
PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014 Jul;8(7):e2999. Epub 2014 Jul 17 doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002999. PMID: 25033218Free PMC Article
The role of interferon-gamma in the treatment of visceral and diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis.
Badaro R, Johnson WD Jr
J Infect Dis 1993 Mar;167 Suppl 1:S13-7. doi: 10.1093/infdis/167.supplement_1.s13. PMID: 8433014

Prognosis

Case Report: Diffuse Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Successfully Treated with a Combination of Oral Rifampicin and Fluconazole.
Yadav N, Madke B
Am J Trop Med Hyg 2023 Aug 2;109(2):315-318. Epub 2023 Jul 10 doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0170. PMID: 37429574Free PMC Article
The role of metalloproteases in Leishmania species infection in the New World: a systematic review.
Murase LS, de Souza JVP, de Lima Neto QA, de Mello TFP, Cardoso BM, Lera-Nonose DSSL, Teixeira JJV, Lonardoni MVC, Demarchi IG
Parasitology 2018 Oct;145(12):1499-1509. Epub 2018 Mar 13 doi: 10.1017/S0031182018000367. PMID: 29530102
New World and Old World Leishmania Infections: A Practical Review.
Kevric I, Cappel MA, Keeling JH
Dermatol Clin 2015 Jul;33(3):579-93. doi: 10.1016/j.det.2015.03.018. PMID: 26143433
Exposure of phosphatidylserine on Leishmania amazonensis isolates is associated with diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis and parasite infectivity.
França-Costa J, Wanderley JL, Deolindo P, Zarattini JB, Costa J, Soong L, Barcinski MA, Barral A, Borges VM
PLoS One 2012;7(5):e36595. Epub 2012 May 4 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036595. PMID: 22574191Free PMC Article
Clinical features of cutaneous and disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis in Paraty, Rio de Janeiro.
Vieira-Gonçalves R, Pirmez C, Jorge ME, Souza WJ, Oliveira MP, Rutowitsch MS, Da-Cruz AM
Int J Dermatol 2008 Sep;47(9):926-32. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2008.03701.x. PMID: 18937655

Clinical prediction guides

Differential Regulation of l-Arginine Metabolism through Arginase 1 during Infection with Leishmania mexicana Isolates Obtained from Patients with Localized and Diffuse Cutaneous Leishmaniasis.
Wilkins-Rodríguez AA, Pérez-Torres A, Escalona-Montaño AR, Gutiérrez-Kobeh L
Infect Immun 2020 Jun 22;88(7) doi: 10.1128/IAI.00963-19. PMID: 32312763Free PMC Article
Old World Leishmaniasis: an ancient disease with nonstandardized microscopic and clinical classifications.
Zgheib E, Habib R, Moukarbel R, Khalifeh I
J Cutan Pathol 2016 Oct;43(10):815-20. Epub 2016 Jun 29 doi: 10.1111/cup.12745. PMID: 27251586
Clinical features of cutaneous and disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis in Paraty, Rio de Janeiro.
Vieira-Gonçalves R, Pirmez C, Jorge ME, Souza WJ, Oliveira MP, Rutowitsch MS, Da-Cruz AM
Int J Dermatol 2008 Sep;47(9):926-32. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2008.03701.x. PMID: 18937655
Polar and subpolar diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis in Brazil: clinical and immunopathologic aspects.
Barral A, Costa JM, Bittencourt AL, Barral-Netto M, Carvalho EM
Int J Dermatol 1995 Jul;34(7):474-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-4362.1995.tb00613.x. PMID: 7591410
Clinical and immunopathological aspects of disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis.
Carvalho EM, Barral A, Costa JM, Bittencourt A, Marsden P
Acta Trop 1994 Apr;56(4):315-25. doi: 10.1016/0001-706x(94)90103-1. PMID: 8023755

Recent systematic reviews

Potential antigenic targets used in immunological tests for diagnosis of tegumentary leishmaniasis: A systematic review.
Freire ML, Rêgo FD, Cota G, Pascoal-Xavier MA, Oliveira E
PLoS One 2021;16(5):e0251956. Epub 2021 May 27 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251956. PMID: 34043671Free PMC Article
The role of metalloproteases in Leishmania species infection in the New World: a systematic review.
Murase LS, de Souza JVP, de Lima Neto QA, de Mello TFP, Cardoso BM, Lera-Nonose DSSL, Teixeira JJV, Lonardoni MVC, Demarchi IG
Parasitology 2018 Oct;145(12):1499-1509. Epub 2018 Mar 13 doi: 10.1017/S0031182018000367. PMID: 29530102

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