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Encephalomyelitis

MedGen UID:
8603
•Concept ID:
C0014070
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Myeloencephalitides; Myeloencephalitis
SNOMED CT: Encephalomyelitis (62950007)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0005156

Definition

A disorder characterised by inflammation of both the brain and the spinal cord. [from SNOMEDCT_US]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Update on the diagnosis and treatment of neuromyelits optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) - revised recommendations of the Neuromyelitis Optica Study Group (NEMOS). Part I: Diagnosis and differential diagnosis.
Jarius S, Aktas O, Ayzenberg I, Bellmann-Strobl J, Berthele A, Giglhuber K, Häußler V, Havla J, Hellwig K, Hümmert MW, Kleiter I, Klotz L, Krumbholz M, Kümpfel T, Paul F, Ringelstein M, Ruprecht K, Senel M, Stellmann JP, Bergh FT, Tumani H, Wildemann B, Trebst C; Neuromyelitis Optica Study Group (NEMOS)
J Neurol 2023 Jul;270(7):3341-3368. Epub 2023 Apr 6 doi: 10.1007/s00415-023-11634-0. PMID: 37022481Free PMC Article
Diagnosis of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease: International MOGAD Panel proposed criteria.
Banwell B, Bennett JL, Marignier R, Kim HJ, Brilot F, Flanagan EP, Ramanathan S, Waters P, Tenembaum S, Graves JS, Chitnis T, Brandt AU, Hemingway C, Neuteboom R, Pandit L, Reindl M, Saiz A, Sato DK, Rostasy K, Paul F, Pittock SJ, Fujihara K, Palace J
Lancet Neurol 2023 Mar;22(3):268-282. Epub 2023 Jan 24 doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(22)00431-8. PMID: 36706773
Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Essentials of Diagnosis and Management.
Bateman L, Bested AC, Bonilla HF, Chheda BV, Chu L, Curtin JM, Dempsey TT, Dimmock ME, Dowell TG, Felsenstein D, Kaufman DL, Klimas NG, Komaroff AL, Lapp CW, Levine SM, Montoya JG, Natelson BH, Peterson DL, Podell RN, Rey IR, Ruhoy IS, Vera-Nunez MA, Yellman BP
Mayo Clin Proc 2021 Nov;96(11):2861-2878. Epub 2021 Aug 25 doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2021.07.004. PMID: 34454716

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Acquired Demyelinating Syndromes.
Co DO
Med Clin North Am 2024 Jan;108(1):93-105. Epub 2023 Jul 11 doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2023.05.017. PMID: 37951658
Multiple Sclerosis-Minimizing Errors in Radiological Diagnosis.
Boski N, Gulati V, Raj R, Gulati P
Neurol India 2021 Nov-Dec;69(6):1539-1546. doi: 10.4103/0028-3886.333497. PMID: 34979638
Inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system.
Höftberger R, Lassmann H
Handb Clin Neurol 2017;145:263-283. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-802395-2.00019-5. PMID: 28987175Free PMC Article
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.
Marchioni E, Tavazzi E, Minoli L, Del Bue S, Ferrante P, Piccolo G, Bastianello S, Ravaglia S
Neurol Sci 2008 Sep;29 Suppl 2:S286-8. doi: 10.1007/s10072-008-0966-6. PMID: 18690521
Postinfectious encephalomyelitis.
Wingerchuk DM
Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2003 May;3(3):256-64. doi: 10.1007/s11910-003-0086-x. PMID: 12691631

Diagnosis

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.
Clare E
JAAPA 2022 Sep 1;35(9):32-35. doi: 10.1097/01.JAA.0000832604.33045.9d. PMID: 36007116
Assessment and Management of Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) in the Pediatric Patient.
Wang CX
Paediatr Drugs 2021 May;23(3):213-221. Epub 2021 Apr 8 doi: 10.1007/s40272-021-00441-7. PMID: 33830467Free PMC Article
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis: Updates on an inflammatory CNS syndrome.
Pohl D, Alper G, Van Haren K, Kornberg AJ, Lucchinetti CF, Tenembaum S, Belman AL
Neurology 2016 Aug 30;87(9 Suppl 2):S38-45. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000002825. PMID: 27572859
Diagnosis and therapy of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and its variants.
Berzero G, Cortese A, Ravaglia S, Marchioni E
Expert Rev Neurother 2016;16(1):83-101. Epub 2015 Dec 22 doi: 10.1586/14737175.2015.1126510. PMID: 26620160
Acuted disseminated encephalomyelitis.
Parrish JB, Yeh EA
Adv Exp Med Biol 2012;724:1-14. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4614-0653-2_1. PMID: 22411230Free PMC Article

Therapy

B cell depletion therapies in autoimmune disease: advances and mechanistic insights.
Lee DSW, Rojas OL, Gommerman JL
Nat Rev Drug Discov 2021 Mar;20(3):179-199. Epub 2020 Dec 15 doi: 10.1038/s41573-020-00092-2. PMID: 33324003Free PMC Article
Ketogenic diet and fasting diet as Nutritional Approaches in Multiple Sclerosis (NAMS): protocol of a randomized controlled study.
Bahr LS, Bock M, Liebscher D, Bellmann-Strobl J, Franz L, Prüß A, Schumann D, Piper SK, Kessler CS, Steckhan N, Michalsen A, Paul F, Mähler A
Trials 2020 Jan 2;21(1):3. doi: 10.1186/s13063-019-3928-9. PMID: 31898518Free PMC Article
Intermittent Fasting Confers Protection in CNS Autoimmunity by Altering the Gut Microbiota.
Cignarella F, Cantoni C, Ghezzi L, Salter A, Dorsett Y, Chen L, Phillips D, Weinstock GM, Fontana L, Cross AH, Zhou Y, Piccio L
Cell Metab 2018 Jun 5;27(6):1222-1235.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.05.006. PMID: 29874567Free PMC Article
Role of the innate and adaptive immune responses in the course of multiple sclerosis.
Hemmer B, Kerschensteiner M, Korn T
Lancet Neurol 2015 Apr;14(4):406-19. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70305-9. PMID: 25792099
Interleukin-10 and the interleukin-10 receptor.
Moore KW, de Waal Malefyt R, Coffman RL, O'Garra A
Annu Rev Immunol 2001;19:683-765. doi: 10.1146/annurev.immunol.19.1.683. PMID: 11244051

Prognosis

Ketogenic diet and fasting diet as Nutritional Approaches in Multiple Sclerosis (NAMS): protocol of a randomized controlled study.
Bahr LS, Bock M, Liebscher D, Bellmann-Strobl J, Franz L, Prüß A, Schumann D, Piper SK, Kessler CS, Steckhan N, Michalsen A, Paul F, Mähler A
Trials 2020 Jan 2;21(1):3. doi: 10.1186/s13063-019-3928-9. PMID: 31898518Free PMC Article
Diagnosis and therapy of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and its variants.
Berzero G, Cortese A, Ravaglia S, Marchioni E
Expert Rev Neurother 2016;16(1):83-101. Epub 2015 Dec 22 doi: 10.1586/14737175.2015.1126510. PMID: 26620160
Role of the innate and adaptive immune responses in the course of multiple sclerosis.
Hemmer B, Kerschensteiner M, Korn T
Lancet Neurol 2015 Apr;14(4):406-19. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70305-9. PMID: 25792099
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.
Javed A, Khan O
Handb Clin Neurol 2014;123:705-17. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-53488-0.00035-3. PMID: 25015513Free PMC Article
Japanese encephalitis.
Abe T, Kojima K, Shoji H, Tanaka N, Fujimoto K, Uchida M, Nishimura H, Hayabuchi N, Norbash AM
J Magn Reson Imaging 1998 Jul-Aug;8(4):755-61. doi: 10.1002/jmri.1880080402. PMID: 9702874

Clinical prediction guides

CAR-T Cell-Mediated B-Cell Depletion in Central Nervous System Autoimmunity.
Gupta S, Simic M, Sagan SA, Shepherd C, Duecker J, Sobel RA, Dandekar R, Wu GF, Wu W, Pak JE, Hauser SL, Lim W, Wilson MR, Zamvil SS
Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2023 Mar;10(2) Epub 2023 Jan 19 doi: 10.1212/NXI.0000000000200080. PMID: 36657993Free PMC Article
Seronegative autoimmune encephalitis: clinical characteristics and factors associated with outcomes.
Lee WJ, Lee HS, Kim DY, Lee HS, Moon J, Park KI, Lee SK, Chu K, Lee ST
Brain 2022 Oct 21;145(10):3509-3521. doi: 10.1093/brain/awac166. PMID: 35512357
Gut Microbiome in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis.
Cox LM, Maghzi AH, Liu S, Tankou SK, Dhang FH, Willocq V, Song A, Wasén C, Tauhid S, Chu R, Anderson MC, De Jager PL, Polgar-Turcsanyi M, Healy BC, Glanz BI, Bakshi R, Chitnis T, Weiner HL
Ann Neurol 2021 Jun;89(6):1195-1211. Epub 2021 Apr 30 doi: 10.1002/ana.26084. PMID: 33876477Free PMC Article
Development of the clinical assessment scale in autoimmune encephalitis.
Lim JA, Lee ST, Moon J, Jun JS, Kim TJ, Shin YW, Abdullah S, Byun JI, Sunwoo JS, Kim KT, Yang TW, Lee WJ, Moon HJ, Kim DW, Lim BC, Cho YW, Yang TH, Kim HJ, Kim YS, Koo YS, Park B, Jung KH, Kim M, Park KI, Jung KY, Chu K, Lee SK
Ann Neurol 2019 Mar;85(3):352-358. Epub 2019 Feb 10 doi: 10.1002/ana.25421. PMID: 30675918
The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis and the various related demyelinating syndromes: a critical review.
Karussis D
J Autoimmun 2014 Feb-Mar;48-49:134-42. Epub 2014 Feb 10 doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2014.01.022. PMID: 24524923

Recent systematic reviews

Microbiome and Behçet's disease: a systematic review.
Joubert M, André M, Barnich N, Billard E
Clin Exp Rheumatol 2023 Oct;41(10):2093-2104. Epub 2023 Jun 7 doi: 10.55563/clinexprheumatol/zbt4gx. PMID: 37382445
Clinical overlap between fibromyalgia and myalgic encephalomyelitis. A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Ramírez-Morales R, Bermúdez-Benítez E, Martínez-Martínez LA, Martínez-Lavín M
Autoimmun Rev 2022 Aug;21(8):103129. Epub 2022 Jun 9 doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2022.103129. PMID: 35690247
Autoimmune encephalitis associated with COVID-19: A systematic review.
Nabizadeh F, Balabandian M, Sodeifian F, Rezaei N, Rostami MR, Naser Moghadasi A
Mult Scler Relat Disord 2022 Jun;62:103795. Epub 2022 Apr 6 doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.103795. PMID: 35472834Free PMC Article
Long COVID and Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS)-A Systemic Review and Comparison of Clinical Presentation and Symptomatology.
Wong TL, Weitzer DJ
Medicina (Kaunas) 2021 Apr 26;57(5) doi: 10.3390/medicina57050418. PMID: 33925784Free PMC Article
Systematic review of randomized controlled trials for chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME).
Kim DY, Lee JS, Park SY, Kim SJ, Son CG
J Transl Med 2020 Jan 6;18(1):7. doi: 10.1186/s12967-019-02196-9. PMID: 31906979Free PMC Article

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