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Microcephaly 15, primary, autosomal recessive(NEDMISBA)

MedGen UID:
895496
Concept ID:
C4225310
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: NEDMISBA; NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER WITH PROGRESSIVE MICROCEPHALY, SPASTICITY, AND BRAIN IMAGING ABNORMALITIES
 
Gene (location): MFSD2A (1p34.2)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0014660
OMIM®: 616486

Definition

Neurodevelopmental disorder with progressive microcephaly, spasticity, and brain imaging abnormalities (NEDMISBA) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a spectrum of neurologic abnormalities apparent from early infancy. Affected individuals have impaired intellectual development with poor speech, progressive microcephaly, and appendicular spasticity. Brain imaging usually shows abnormalities, including enlarged ventricles, white matter defects, and atrophy or hypoplasia of brain tissue. Some patients have a more severe phenotype with seizures, lack of developmental milestones, and early death (summary by Harel et al., 2018). [from OMIM]

Clinical features

From HPO
Bilateral talipes equinovarus
MedGen UID:
332956
Concept ID:
C1837835
Congenital Abnormality
Bilateral clubfoot deformity.
Cerebellar ataxia
MedGen UID:
849
Concept ID:
C0007758
Disease or Syndrome
Cerebellar ataxia refers to ataxia due to dysfunction of the cerebellum. This causes a variety of elementary neurological deficits including asynergy (lack of coordination between muscles, limbs and joints), dysmetria (lack of ability to judge distances that can lead to under- or overshoot in grasping movements), and dysdiadochokinesia (inability to perform rapid movements requiring antagonizing muscle groups to be switched on and off repeatedly).
Seizure
MedGen UID:
20693
Concept ID:
C0036572
Sign or Symptom
A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.
Intellectual disability, severe
MedGen UID:
48638
Concept ID:
C0036857
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Severe mental retardation is defined as an intelligence quotient (IQ) in the range of 20-34.
Hyperreflexia
MedGen UID:
57738
Concept ID:
C0151889
Finding
Hyperreflexia is the presence of hyperactive stretch reflexes of the muscles.
Spastic gait
MedGen UID:
115907
Concept ID:
C0231687
Finding
Spasticity is manifested by increased stretch reflex which is intensified with movement velocity. This results in excessive and inappropriate muscle activation which can contribute to muscle hypertonia. Spastic gait is characterized by manifestations such as muscle hypertonia, stiff knee, and circumduction of the leg.
Cerebellar hypoplasia
MedGen UID:
120578
Concept ID:
C0266470
Congenital Abnormality
Cerebellar hypoplasia is a descriptive term implying a cerebellum with a reduced volume, but a normal shape and is stable over time.
Hypoplasia of the corpus callosum
MedGen UID:
138005
Concept ID:
C0344482
Congenital Abnormality
Underdevelopment of the corpus callosum.
Global developmental delay
MedGen UID:
107838
Concept ID:
C0557874
Finding
A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age.
Inability to walk
MedGen UID:
107860
Concept ID:
C0560046
Finding
Incapability to ambulate.
Spastic tetraparesis
MedGen UID:
658719
Concept ID:
C0575059
Disease or Syndrome
Spastic weakness affecting all four limbs.
Autistic behavior
MedGen UID:
163547
Concept ID:
C0856975
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Persistent deficits in social interaction and communication and interaction as well as a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interest as well as repetitive patterns of behavior.
Hypoplasia of the brainstem
MedGen UID:
334226
Concept ID:
C1842688
Finding
Underdevelopment of the brainstem.
Absent speech
MedGen UID:
340737
Concept ID:
C1854882
Finding
Complete lack of development of speech and language abilities.
Ventriculomegaly
MedGen UID:
480553
Concept ID:
C3278923
Finding
An increase in size of the ventricular system of the brain.
Hypotonia
MedGen UID:
10133
Concept ID:
C0026827
Finding
Hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle). Even when relaxed, muscles have a continuous and passive partial contraction which provides some resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia thus manifests as diminished resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness, although the two conditions can co-exist.
Poor head control
MedGen UID:
322809
Concept ID:
C1836038
Finding
Difficulty to maintain correct position of the head while standing or sitting. Infant head lag is observed when the head seems to flop around or lags posteriorly behind the trunk. Several articles have maintained that head lag should be absent by age 3 to 4 months.
Progressive microcephaly
MedGen UID:
340542
Concept ID:
C1850456
Anatomical Abnormality
Progressive microcephaly is diagnosed when the head circumference falls progressively behind age- and gender-dependent norms.
Microcephaly
MedGen UID:
1644158
Concept ID:
C4551563
Finding
Head circumference below 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender.
Upslanted palpebral fissure
MedGen UID:
98390
Concept ID:
C0423109
Finding
The palpebral fissure inclination is more than two standard deviations above the mean for age (objective); or, the inclination of the palpebral fissure is greater than typical for age.

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Zhang Y, Li H, Pang J, Peng Y, Shu L, Wang H
Clin Chim Acta 2019 Apr;491:15-18. Epub 2019 Jan 10 doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.01.007. PMID: 30639237

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Zehavi Y, Mandel H, Eran A, Ravid S, Abu Rashid M, Jansen EEW, Wamelink MMC, Saada A, Shaag A, Elpeleg O, Spiegel R
Metab Brain Dis 2019 Apr;34(2):557-563. Epub 2019 Jan 12 doi: 10.1007/s11011-019-0384-x. PMID: 30637540

Diagnosis

Liu X, Yang J, Li Z, Liu R, Wu X, Zhang Z, Lai L, Li Z, Song Y
Neurobiol Dis 2023 Jun 15;182:106135. Epub 2023 May 2 doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106135. PMID: 37142085
Luo X, Liu Q, Jiang J, Tang W, Ding Y, Zhou L, Yu J, Tang X, An Y, Zhao X
Front Immunol 2021;12:695993. Epub 2021 Sep 24 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.695993. PMID: 34630384Free PMC Article
Razmara E, Azimi H, Tavasoli AR, Fallahi E, Sheida SV, Eidi M, Bitaraf A, Farjami Z, Daneshmand MA, Garshasbi M
Eur J Med Genet 2020 Dec;63(12):104096. Epub 2020 Nov 11 doi: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2020.104096. PMID: 33186761
Wang R, Khan A, Han S, Zhang X
J Hum Genet 2017 Feb;62(2):299-304. Epub 2016 Oct 27 doi: 10.1038/jhg.2016.128. PMID: 27784895
Abdel-Hamid MS, Ismail MF, Darwish HA, Effat LK, Zaki MS, Abdel-Salam GM
Am J Med Genet A 2016 Aug;170(8):2133-40. Epub 2016 Jun 2 doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37724. PMID: 27250695

Prognosis

Rupp V, Rauf S, Naveed I, Windpassinger C, Mir A
BMC Med Genet 2014 Oct 11;15:107. doi: 10.1186/s12881-014-0107-4. PMID: 25303973Free PMC Article
Kumar A, Girimaji SC, Duvvari MR, Blanton SH
Am J Hum Genet 2009 Feb;84(2):286-90. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.01.017. PMID: 19215732Free PMC Article
Kouprina N, Pavlicek A, Collins NK, Nakano M, Noskov VN, Ohzeki J, Mochida GH, Risinger JI, Goldsmith P, Gunsior M, Solomon G, Gersch W, Kim JH, Barrett JC, Walsh CA, Jurka J, Masumoto H, Larionov V
Hum Mol Genet 2005 Aug 1;14(15):2155-65. Epub 2005 Jun 22 doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddi220. PMID: 15972725

Clinical prediction guides

Rasool S, Baig JM, Moawia A, Ahmad I, Iqbal M, Waseem SS, Asif M, Abdullah U, Makhdoom EUH, Kaygusuz E, Zakaria M, Ramzan S, Haque SU, Mir A, Anjum I, Fiaz M, Ali Z, Tariq M, Saba N, Hussain W, Budde B, Irshad S, Noegel AA, Höning S, Baig SM, Nürnberg P, Hussain MS
Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020 Sep;8(9):e1408. Epub 2020 Jul 17 doi: 10.1002/mgg3.1408. PMID: 32677750Free PMC Article
Venkatesh T, Nagashri MN, Swamy SS, Mohiyuddin SM, Gopinath KS, Kumar A
PLoS One 2013;8(3):e54643. Epub 2013 Mar 5 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054643. PMID: 23472065Free PMC Article
Marchal JA, Ghani M, Schindler D, Gavvovidis I, Winkler T, Esquitino V, Sternberg N, Busche A, Krawitz P, Hecht J, Robinson P, Mundlos S, Graul-Neumann L, Sperling K, Trimborn M, Neitzel H
Cell Cycle 2011 Sep 1;10(17):2967-77. doi: 10.4161/cc.10.17.16871. PMID: 21857152
Kumar A, Girimaji SC, Duvvari MR, Blanton SH
Am J Hum Genet 2009 Feb;84(2):286-90. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.01.017. PMID: 19215732Free PMC Article
Alderton GK, Galbiati L, Griffith E, Surinya KH, Neitzel H, Jackson AP, Jeggo PA, O'Driscoll M
Nat Cell Biol 2006 Jul;8(7):725-33. Epub 2006 Jun 18 doi: 10.1038/ncb1431. PMID: 16783362

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