Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120
|
env
|
HIV-1 CN54 Env (gp120) induces phosphorylation of RELA (p65), IRF3, MAPK14 (p38), and MAPK1 (ERK1/2) through TLR4 induction in monocyte derived macrophages; anti-TLR4 antibodies could inhibit this activation |
PubMed
|
Nef
|
nef
|
HIV-1 Nef myristoylation is required for the activation of IRF-3, leading to the synthesis of IFNbeta in monocytes-derived-macrophages |
PubMed
|
|
nef
|
The acidic cluster (residues 64-69) of HIV-1 Nef is required for IRF-3 activation and IFNbeta production |
PubMed
|
Tat
|
tat
|
HIV-1 Tat-mediated downregulation of TRAF3 increases levels of phosphorylation of IRF3 and IRF7 in human microglial cells |
PubMed
|
Vif
|
vif
|
HIV-1 Vpr and Vif proteins cooperate with HIV-1 Vpu to induce IRF3 cleavage, although their individual effects are weaker than those of Vpu |
PubMed
|
|
vif
|
Virion-associated accessory proteins Vif and Vpr can independently degrade IRF-3. Eleven lysine residues in the N-terminal domain of IRF-3 are important for the Vif and Vpr mediated degradation |
PubMed
|
Vpr
|
vpr
|
HIV-1 Vpr and Vif proteins cooperate with HIV-1 Vpu to induce IRF3 cleavage, although their individual effects are weaker than those of Vpu |
PubMed
|
|
vpr
|
HIV-1 Vpr-mediated suppression of IFN induction is caused by failure of IRF-3 nucleus translocation |
PubMed
|
|
vpr
|
Virion-associated accessory proteins Vif and Vpr can independently degrade IRF-3. Eleven lysine residues in the N-terminal domain of IRF-3 are important for the Vif and Vpr mediated degradation |
PubMed
|
Vpu
|
vpu
|
HIV-1 Vpr and Vif proteins cooperate with HIV-1 Vpu to induce IRF3 cleavage, although their individual effects are weaker than those of Vpu |
PubMed
|
|
vpu
|
Residue Asp121 is the primary site for Vpu-induced, caspase-mediated IRF3 cleavage, and the alternative site is residues Asp125 when Asp121 is mutated |
PubMed
|
|
vpu
|
Caspase-8 and caspase-3 activity are required for HIV-1 Vpu-induced cleavage of IRF3 and HIV-1 infection also induces caspase-mediated IRF3 cleavage |
PubMed
|
|
vpu
|
HIV-1 Vpu-induced cleavage of IRF3 is largely dependent on the ability of Vpu to interact with beta-TrCP, and mutation of the Vpu phosphorylation sites Ser52 and Ser56 greatly decreases the function of Vpu-induced IRF3 cleavage |
PubMed
|
|
vpu
|
HIV-1 Vpu co-localizes with IRF3 during HIV protein expression |
PubMed
|
|
vpu
|
Interaction of HIV-1 Vpu with IRF3 governs the innate immune response of the host cell to HIV-1 infection |
PubMed
|
|
vpu
|
HIV-1 Vpu forms a stable and specific complex with IRF3 in HIV-1-infected cells, resulting in its specific sequestration within the endo-lysosomal compartment |
PubMed
|
capsid
|
gag
|
HIV-1 CA mutants N74D and P90A fail to bind to CPSF6 and cyclophilins (Nup358 and CypA), respectively, and trigger innate sensors, leading to nuclear translocation of NFkappaB and IRF3, production of type 1 IFN and induction of an antiviral state |
PubMed
|
reverse transcriptase
|
gag-pol
|
The reverse-transcribed viral DNA by HIV-1 RT is the trigger of IRF3 activation and IFN-beta production in HIV-1 infected human monocytic cell line THP1 |
PubMed
|