From HPO
Arthralgia- MedGen UID:
- 13917
- •Concept ID:
- C0003862
- •
- Sign or Symptom
Joint pain.
Bone pain- MedGen UID:
- 57489
- •Concept ID:
- C0151825
- •
- Sign or Symptom
An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) localized to bone.
Renal tubular dysfunction- MedGen UID:
- 57484
- •Concept ID:
- C0151747
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Abnormal function of the renal tubule. The basic functional unit of the kidney, the nephron, consists of a renal corpuscle attached to a renal tubule, with roughly 0.8 to 1.5 nephrons per adult kidney. The functions of the renal tubule include reabsorption of water, electrolytes, glucose, and amino acids and secretion of substances such as uric acid.
Renal phosphate wasting- MedGen UID:
- 335116
- •Concept ID:
- C1845169
- •
- Finding
High urine phosphate in the presence of hypophosphatemia.
Genu valgum- MedGen UID:
- 154364
- •Concept ID:
- C0576093
- •
- Anatomical Abnormality
The legs angle inward, such that the knees are close together and the ankles far apart.
Tibial bowing- MedGen UID:
- 332360
- •Concept ID:
- C1837081
- •
- Finding
A bending or abnormal curvature of the tibia.
Trapezoidal distal femoral condyles- MedGen UID:
- 336091
- •Concept ID:
- C1843983
- •
- Finding
Shortening of the talar neck- MedGen UID:
- 375330
- •Concept ID:
- C1843985
- •
- Finding
Flattening of the talar dome- MedGen UID:
- 336092
- •Concept ID:
- C1843986
- •
- Finding
Fibular bowing- MedGen UID:
- 869374
- •Concept ID:
- C4023801
- •
- Anatomical Abnormality
A bending or abnormal curvature of the fibula.
Cupped metaphyses of hand bones- MedGen UID:
- 870915
- •Concept ID:
- C4025377
- •
- Anatomical Abnormality
Short stature- MedGen UID:
- 87607
- •Concept ID:
- C0349588
- •
- Finding
A height below that which is expected according to age and gender norms. Although there is no universally accepted definition of short stature, many refer to "short stature" as height more than 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender (or below the 3rd percentile for age and gender dependent norms).
Hepatosplenomegaly- MedGen UID:
- 9225
- •Concept ID:
- C0019214
- •
- Sign or Symptom
Simultaneous enlargement of the liver and spleen.
Spinal cord compression- MedGen UID:
- 11549
- •Concept ID:
- C0037926
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
External mechanical compression of the spinal cord.
Waddling gait- MedGen UID:
- 66667
- •Concept ID:
- C0231712
- •
- Finding
Weakness of the hip girdle and upper thigh muscles, for instance in myopathies, leads to an instability of the pelvis on standing and walking. If the muscles extending the hip joint are affected, the posture in that joint becomes flexed and lumbar lordosis increases. The patients usually have difficulties standing up from a sitting position. Due to weakness in the gluteus medius muscle, the hip on the side of the swinging leg drops with each step (referred to as Trendelenburg sign). The gait appears waddling. The patients frequently attempt to counteract the dropping of the hip on the swinging side by bending the trunk towards the side which is in the stance phase (in the German language literature this is referred to as Duchenne sign). Similar gait patterns can be caused by orthopedic conditions when the origin and the insertion site of the gluteus medius muscle are closer to each other than normal, for instance due to a posttraumatic elevation of the trochanter or pseudarthrosis of the femoral neck.
Delayed ability to walk- MedGen UID:
- 66034
- •Concept ID:
- C0241726
- •
- Finding
A failure to achieve the ability to walk at an appropriate developmental stage. Most children learn to walk in a series of stages, and learn to walk short distances independently between 12 and 15 months.
Delayed gross motor development- MedGen UID:
- 332508
- •Concept ID:
- C1837658
- •
- Finding
A type of motor delay characterized by a delay in acquiring the ability to control the large muscles of the body for walking, running, sitting, and crawling.
Osteoarthritis- MedGen UID:
- 45244
- •Concept ID:
- C0029408
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease of the joints characterized by degradation of the hyaline articular cartilage and remodeling of the subchondral bone with sclerosis (Meulenbelt et al., 2006). Clinical problems include pain and joint stiffness often leading to significant disability and joint replacement. Osteoarthritis exhibits a clear predilection for specific joints; it appears most commonly in the hip and knee joints and lumbar and cervical spine, as well as in the distal interphalangeal and the first carpometacarpal (base of thumb) and proximal interphalangeal joints of the hand; however, patients with osteoarthritis may have 1, a few, or all of these sites affected (Stefansson et al., 2003). According to a conservative estimate, greater than 70% of the population of the United States at age 65 years is affected by the disease, reflecting its age dependence.
Genetic Heterogeneity of Susceptibility to Osteoarthritis
Susceptibility to osteoarthritis has been associated with variation in other genes: OS2 (140600) with variation in the MATN3 gene (602109) on chromosome 2p24; OS3 (607850) with variation in the ASPN gene (608135) on chromosome 9q22; and OS5 (612400) with variation in the GDF5 gene (601146) on chromosome 20q11.
Other susceptibility loci for osteoarthritis have been mapped to chromosomes 2q33 (OS4; 610839) and 3p24 (OS6; 612401).
Osteomalacia- MedGen UID:
- 14533
- •Concept ID:
- C0029442
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Osteomalacia is a general term for bone weakness owing to a defect in mineralization of the protein framework known as osteoid. This defective mineralization is mainly caused by lack in vitamin D. Osteomalacia in children is known as rickets.
Rickets- MedGen UID:
- 48470
- •Concept ID:
- C0035579
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Rickets is divided into two major categories including calcipenic and phosphopenic. Hypophosphatemia is described as a common manifestation of both categories. Hypophosphatemic rickets is the most common type of rickets that is characterized by low levels of serum phosphate, resistance to ultraviolet radiation or vitamin D intake. There are several issues involved in hypophosphatemic rickets such as calcium, vitamin D, phosphorus deficiencies. Moreover, other disorder can be associated with its occurrence such as absorption defects due to pancreatic, intestinal, gastric, and renal disorders and hepatobiliary disease. Symptoms are usually seen in childhood and can be varied in severity. Severe forms may be linked to bowing of the legs, poor bone growth, and short stature as well as joint and bone pain. Hypophosphatemic rickets are associated with renal excretion of phosphate, hypophosphatemia, and mineral defects in bones. The familial type of the disease is the most common type of rickets.
Frontal bossing- MedGen UID:
- 67453
- •Concept ID:
- C0221354
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Bilateral bulging of the lateral frontal bone prominences with relative sparing of the midline.
Hypophosphatemic rickets- MedGen UID:
- 309957
- •Concept ID:
- C1704375
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Rickets due to low serum phosphate concentrations, the cause of which can be nutritional or genetic. This condition is characterized by normal parathyroid hormone concentrations, usually caused by renal phosphate wasting occurring in isolation or as part of a renal tubular disorder, and characterized by resistance to treatment with ultraviolet radiation or vitamin D.
Metaphyseal irregularity- MedGen UID:
- 325478
- •Concept ID:
- C1838662
- •
- Finding
Irregularity of the normally smooth surface of the metaphyses.
Femoral bowing- MedGen UID:
- 347888
- •Concept ID:
- C1859461
- •
- Finding
Bowing (abnormal curvature) of the femur.
Spinal canal stenosis- MedGen UID:
- 396107
- •Concept ID:
- C1861329
- •
- Anatomical Abnormality
An abnormal narrowing of the spinal canal.
Abnormal pelvic girdle bone morphology- MedGen UID:
- 866545
- •Concept ID:
- C4020847
- •
- Anatomical Abnormality
An abnormality of the bony pelvic girdle, which is a ring of bones connecting the vertebral column to the femurs.
Rachitic rosary- MedGen UID:
- 1642285
- •Concept ID:
- C4551565
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
A row of beadlike prominences at the junction of a rib and its cartilage (i.e., enlarged costochondral joints), resembling a rosary. Note that rachitic rosary would have one bead per rib (a swelling at the costochondral junction), while beaded ribs in the context of multiple rib fractures have multiple beads (fractures) along the same rib.
Bowing of the legs- MedGen UID:
- 1807399
- •Concept ID:
- C5574706
- •
- Finding
A bending or abnormal curvature affecting a long bone of the leg.
Enamel hypomineralization- MedGen UID:
- 1802594
- •Concept ID:
- C5690820
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
A decreased amount of enamel mineralization. Hypomineralized enamel has a brown discoloration and brittle aspect.
Hypophosphatemia- MedGen UID:
- 39327
- •Concept ID:
- C0085682
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
An abnormally decreased phosphate concentration in the blood.
Elevated circulating parathyroid hormone level- MedGen UID:
- 167805
- •Concept ID:
- C0857973
- •
- Finding
An abnormal increased concentration of parathyroid hormone.
Elevated circulating alkaline phosphatase concentration- MedGen UID:
- 727252
- •Concept ID:
- C1314665
- •
- Finding
Abnormally increased serum levels of alkaline phosphatase activity.
Abnormal circulating calcium concentration- MedGen UID:
- 868059
- •Concept ID:
- C4022450
- •
- Finding
Any deviation from the normal concentration of calcium in the blood circulation.
- Abnormality of limbs
- Abnormality of metabolism/homeostasis
- Abnormality of the digestive system
- Abnormality of the genitourinary system
- Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system
- Abnormality of the nervous system
- Constitutional symptom
- Growth abnormality