U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Thyroid nodule

MedGen UID:
21547
Concept ID:
C0040137
Neoplastic Process
Synonyms: Nodule, Thyroid; Nodules, Thyroid; Thyroid Nodule; Thyroid Nodules
SNOMED CT: Thyroid nodule (237495005)
 
HPO: HP:0025388

Definition

A nodular lesion that develops in the thyroid gland. The term "thyroid nodule" refers to any abnormal growth that forms a lump in the thyroid gland. [from HPO]

Conditions with this feature

Rhabdomyosarcoma, embryonal, 2
MedGen UID:
357232
Concept ID:
C1867234
Neoplastic Process
DICER1 tumor predisposition (DICER1) is characterized by an increased risk for pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB), pulmonary cysts, thyroid gland neoplasia (multinodular goiter, adenomas, and/or thyroid cancer), ovarian tumors (Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor, gynandroblastoma, and sarcoma), and cystic nephroma. Less commonly observed tumors include ciliary body medulloepithelioma, nasal chondromesenchymal hamartoma, embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, pituitary blastoma, pineoblastoma, central nervous system (CNS) sarcoma, other CNS tumors, and presacral malignant teratoid tumor. The majority of tumors occur in individuals younger than age 40 years. PPB typically presents in infants and children younger than age six years. Ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors are most often diagnosed before age 40 years. Cystic nephroma generally presents in young children but has also been reported in adolescents. Additional clinical features that may be seen include macrocephaly, ocular abnormalities, structural anomalies of the kidney and collecting system, and dental anomalies (bulbous crowns).

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Durante C, Hegedüs L, Czarniecka A, Paschke R, Russ G, Schmitt F, Soares P, Solymosi T, Papini E
Eur Thyroid J 2023 Oct 1;12(5) Epub 2023 Aug 14 doi: 10.1530/ETJ-23-0067. PMID: 37358008Free PMC Article
Alexander EK, Doherty GM, Barletta JA
Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2022 Jul;10(7):540-548. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(22)00139-5. PMID: 35752201
Grani G, Sponziello M, Pecce V, Ramundo V, Durante C
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020 Sep 1;105(9):2869-83. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa322. PMID: 32491169Free PMC Article

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Chen DW, Lang BHH, McLeod DSA, Newbold K, Haymart MR
Lancet 2023 May 6;401(10387):1531-1544. Epub 2023 Apr 3 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(23)00020-X. PMID: 37023783
Alexander EK, Doherty GM, Barletta JA
Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2022 Jul;10(7):540-548. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(22)00139-5. PMID: 35752201
Alexander EK, Cibas ES
Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2022 Jul;10(7):533-539. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(22)00101-2. PMID: 35752200
Kobaly K, Kim CS, Mandel SJ
Annu Rev Med 2022 Jan 27;73:517-528. Epub 2021 Aug 20 doi: 10.1146/annurev-med-042220-015032. PMID: 34416120
Grani G, Sponziello M, Pecce V, Ramundo V, Durante C
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020 Sep 1;105(9):2869-83. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa322. PMID: 32491169Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Alexander EK, Doherty GM, Barletta JA
Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2022 Jul;10(7):540-548. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(22)00139-5. PMID: 35752201
Grani G, Sponziello M, Pecce V, Ramundo V, Durante C
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020 Sep 1;105(9):2869-83. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa322. PMID: 32491169Free PMC Article
Wong R, Farrell SG, Grossmann M
Med J Aust 2018 Jul 16;209(2):92-98. doi: 10.5694/mja17.01204. PMID: 29996756
Pemayun TG
Acta Med Indones 2016 Jul;48(3):247-257. PMID: 27840362
Dean DS, Gharib H
Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 Dec;22(6):901-11. doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2008.09.019. PMID: 19041821

Therapy

Chen DW, Lang BHH, McLeod DSA, Newbold K, Haymart MR
Lancet 2023 May 6;401(10387):1531-1544. Epub 2023 Apr 3 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(23)00020-X. PMID: 37023783
Livhits MJ, Zhu CY, Kuo EJ, Nguyen DT, Kim J, Tseng CH, Leung AM, Rao J, Levin M, Douek ML, Beckett KR, Cheung DS, Gofnung YA, Smooke-Praw S, Yeh MW
JAMA Oncol 2021 Jan 1;7(1):70-77. doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2020.5935. PMID: 33300952Free PMC Article
Sullivan SA
Clin Obstet Gynecol 2019 Jun;62(2):365-372. doi: 10.1097/GRF.0000000000000431. PMID: 30925552
Kalra B, Gupta Y, Kalra S
J Pak Med Assoc 2017 Apr;67(4):645-647. PMID: 28420934
Ladenson PW
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016 Mar;101(3):799-803. Epub 2016 Feb 23 doi: 10.1210/jc.2015-3695. PMID: 26908108

Prognosis

Lim JY, Kuo JH
Tech Vasc Interv Radiol 2022 Jun;25(2):100824. Epub 2022 Mar 10 doi: 10.1016/j.tvir.2022.100824. PMID: 35551808
Traylor KS
Radiol Clin North Am 2020 Nov;58(6):1059-1070. Epub 2020 Sep 17 doi: 10.1016/j.rcl.2020.07.004. PMID: 33040848
Nambron R, Rosenthal R, Bahl D
Radiol Clin North Am 2020 Nov;58(6):1009-1018. Epub 2020 Sep 17 doi: 10.1016/j.rcl.2020.07.007. PMID: 33040844
Jatana KR, Zimmerman D
Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2015 Feb;48(1):47-58. doi: 10.1016/j.otc.2014.09.005. PMID: 25439549
Wilhelm S
Surg Clin North Am 2014 Jun;94(3):485-97. Epub 2014 Mar 28 doi: 10.1016/j.suc.2014.02.004. PMID: 24857572

Clinical prediction guides

Peng S, Liu Y, Lv W, Liu L, Zhou Q, Yang H, Ren J, Liu G, Wang X, Zhang X, Du Q, Nie F, Huang G, Guo Y, Li J, Liang J, Hu H, Xiao H, Liu Z, Lai F, Zheng Q, Wang H, Li Y, Alexander EK, Wang W, Xiao H
Lancet Digit Health 2021 Apr;3(4):e250-e259. doi: 10.1016/S2589-7500(21)00041-8. PMID: 33766289
Vora A, Holt S, Haque W, Lingvay I
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2020 May;162(5):634-640. Epub 2020 Mar 17 doi: 10.1177/0194599820911718. PMID: 32182188
Steward DL, Carty SE, Sippel RS, Yang SP, Sosa JA, Sipos JA, Figge JJ, Mandel S, Haugen BR, Burman KD, Baloch ZW, Lloyd RV, Seethala RR, Gooding WE, Chiosea SI, Gomes-Lima C, Ferris RL, Folek JM, Khawaja RA, Kundra P, Loh KS, Marshall CB, Mayson S, McCoy KL, Nga ME, Ngiam KY, Nikiforova MN, Poehls JL, Ringel MD, Yang H, Yip L, Nikiforov YE
JAMA Oncol 2019 Feb 1;5(2):204-212. doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2018.4616. PMID: 30419129Free PMC Article
Nishino M, Krane JF
Surg Pathol Clin 2018 Sep;11(3):467-487. doi: 10.1016/j.path.2018.05.002. PMID: 30190135
Kunavisarut T
Endocrine 2013 Dec;44(3):616-22. Epub 2013 May 4 doi: 10.1007/s12020-013-9974-2. PMID: 23645523

Recent systematic reviews

de Vries LH, Aykan D, Lodewijk L, Damen JAA, Borel Rinkes IHM, Vriens MR
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021;12:719397. Epub 2021 Aug 12 doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.719397. PMID: 34456874Free PMC Article
Muhammad H, Santhanam P, Russell JO
Endocrine 2021 Jun;72(3):619-632. Epub 2021 Jan 15 doi: 10.1007/s12020-020-02598-6. PMID: 33449296
Schmidbauer B, Menhart K, Hellwig D, Grosse J
Int J Mol Sci 2017 Jun 17;18(6) doi: 10.3390/ijms18061292. PMID: 28629126Free PMC Article
Shin JJ, Caragacianu D, Randolph GW
Laryngoscope 2015 Jan;125(1):263-72. Epub 2014 Jun 26 doi: 10.1002/lary.24784. PMID: 24965892
Brito JP, Gionfriddo MR, Al Nofal A, Boehmer KR, Leppin AL, Reading C, Callstrom M, Elraiyah TA, Prokop LJ, Stan MN, Murad MH, Morris JC, Montori VM
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014 Apr;99(4):1253-63. Epub 2013 Nov 25 doi: 10.1210/jc.2013-2928. PMID: 24276450Free PMC Article

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Clinical resources

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.
    • Bookshelf
      See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Consumer resources

    Recent activity

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...