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Testicular yolk sac tumor

MedGen UID:
79028
•Concept ID:
C0279708
•
Neoplastic Process
Synonyms: Endodermal Sinus Neoplasm of Testis; endodermal sinus neoplasm of testis; Endodermal Sinus Neoplasm of the Testis; endodermal sinus neoplasm of the testis; Endodermal Sinus Tumor of Testis; endodermal sinus tumor of testis; Endodermal Sinus Tumor of the Testis; endodermal sinus tumor of the testis; endodermal sinus tumour of testis; endodermal sinus tumour of the testis; endodermal-sinus tumor; endodermal-sinus tumour; Orchidoblastoma; Testicular Endodermal Sinus Neoplasm; testicular endodermal sinus neoplasm; Testicular Endodermal Sinus Tumor; testicular endodermal sinus tumor; testicular endodermal sinus tumour; Testicular Yolk Sac Neoplasm; testicular yolk Sac neoplasm; Testicular Yolk Sac Tumor; testicular yolk sac tumor; testis yolk sac tumor; testis yolk sac tumour; Yolk Sac Neoplasm of Testis; yolk Sac neoplasm of testis; Yolk Sac Neoplasm of the Testis; yolk Sac neoplasm of the testis; yolk sac tumor; Yolk Sac Tumor of Testis; yolk Sac tumor of testis; Yolk Sac Tumor of the Testis; yolk Sac tumor of the testis; yolk sac tumour; yolk Sac tumour of testis; yolk Sac tumour of the testis
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0003402

Definition

A non-seminomatous malignant germ cell tumor arising from the testis. It affects infants, young children, and postpubertal males. It is the most frequently seen testicular neoplasm during childhood. The vast majority of patients present with an asymptomatic scrotal mass. The tumor mimics the yolk sac of the embryo and produces alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). It metastasizes to distant anatomic sites. Prognostic factors relate to the clinical stage and the degree of AFP elevation. [from NCI]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Treatment Results of Extracranial Malignant Germ Cell Tumor with Regimens of Cisplatin, Vinblastine, Bleomycin or Carboplatin, Etoposide, and Bleomycin with Special Emphasis on the Sites of Vagina and Testis.
Hou JY, Liu HC, Yeh TC, Sheu JC, Chen KH, Chang CY, Liang DC
Pediatr Neonatol 2015 Oct;56(5):301-6. Epub 2015 Feb 2 doi: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2014.12.003. PMID: 25769700

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Develop and validate nomogram to predict cancer-specific survival for patients with testicular yolk sac tumors.
Li M, Wang J, Li J, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Lin Y, Deng C, Li F, Peng Q
Front Public Health 2022;10:1038502. Epub 2022 Oct 17 doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1038502. PMID: 36324443Free PMC Article
High-level expression of divergent endodermal lineage markers in gonadal and extra-gonadal yolk sac tumors.
Shojaei H, Hong H, Redline RW
Mod Pathol 2016 Oct;29(10):1278-88. Epub 2016 Jul 22 doi: 10.1038/modpathol.2016.131. PMID: 27443515
Yolk Sac Tumor of the Testis in Infants and Children: A Clinicopathologic Analysis of 33 Cases.
Cornejo KM, Frazier L, Lee RS, Kozakewich HP, Young RH
Am J Surg Pathol 2015 Aug;39(8):1121-31. doi: 10.1097/PAS.0000000000000432. PMID: 25828390
Testicular yolk sac tumors in children: a review of 61 patients over 19 years.
Wei Y, Wu S, Lin T, He D, Li X, Liu J, Liu X, Hua Y, Lu P, Wei G
World J Surg Oncol 2014 Dec 29;12:400. doi: 10.1186/1477-7819-12-400. PMID: 25547829Free PMC Article
Yolk sac tumor in a patient with transverse testicular ectopia.
Zhu YP, Zhang SL, Ye DW, Shi GH, Xiao WJ
World J Surg Oncol 2011 Aug 16;9:91. doi: 10.1186/1477-7819-9-91. PMID: 21843365Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Unusual Presentation, Relapse, and Metastasis of a Pediatric Testicular Yolk Sac Tumor: Case Report.
Alshamsi H, Sarhan OM, Almatar A, Ali BA, Boqari D, Kawai FA
Urology 2021 Mar;149:e40-e43. Epub 2020 Oct 24 doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2020.10.014. PMID: 33141029
Yolk Sac Tumor of the Testis in Infants and Children: A Clinicopathologic Analysis of 33 Cases.
Cornejo KM, Frazier L, Lee RS, Kozakewich HP, Young RH
Am J Surg Pathol 2015 Aug;39(8):1121-31. doi: 10.1097/PAS.0000000000000432. PMID: 25828390
Ruptured testicular yolk sac tumor.
Zechlinski J, Sharafinski M, Sudakoff G
Ultrasound Q 2014 Sep;30(3):238-40. doi: 10.1097/RUQ.0000000000000088. PMID: 25148504
Testicular yolk sac tumor.
Tang AL, Liu S, Wong-You-Cheong JJ
Ultrasound Q 2013 Sep;29(3):237-9. doi: 10.1097/RUQ.0b013e3182a0adc7. PMID: 23945483
Evaluation of cloned cells, animal model, and ATRA sensitivity of human testicular yolk sac tumor.
Zhao J, Chen C, Zhang H, Shen J, Zhang H, Lin X, Qin L, Bao X, Lin J, Lu W, Wang X, Chen X
J Transl Med 2012 Mar 13;10:46. doi: 10.1186/1479-5876-10-46. PMID: 22410253Free PMC Article

Therapy

Develop and validate nomogram to predict cancer-specific survival for patients with testicular yolk sac tumors.
Li M, Wang J, Li J, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Lin Y, Deng C, Li F, Peng Q
Front Public Health 2022;10:1038502. Epub 2022 Oct 17 doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1038502. PMID: 36324443Free PMC Article
Treatment Results of Extracranial Malignant Germ Cell Tumor with Regimens of Cisplatin, Vinblastine, Bleomycin or Carboplatin, Etoposide, and Bleomycin with Special Emphasis on the Sites of Vagina and Testis.
Hou JY, Liu HC, Yeh TC, Sheu JC, Chen KH, Chang CY, Liang DC
Pediatr Neonatol 2015 Oct;56(5):301-6. Epub 2015 Feb 2 doi: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2014.12.003. PMID: 25769700
Testicular yolk sac tumors in children: a review of 61 patients over 19 years.
Wei Y, Wu S, Lin T, He D, Li X, Liu J, Liu X, Hua Y, Lu P, Wei G
World J Surg Oncol 2014 Dec 29;12:400. doi: 10.1186/1477-7819-12-400. PMID: 25547829Free PMC Article
Evaluation of cloned cells, animal model, and ATRA sensitivity of human testicular yolk sac tumor.
Zhao J, Chen C, Zhang H, Shen J, Zhang H, Lin X, Qin L, Bao X, Lin J, Lu W, Wang X, Chen X
J Transl Med 2012 Mar 13;10:46. doi: 10.1186/1479-5876-10-46. PMID: 22410253Free PMC Article
Treatment of a stage I testicular yolk sac tumor with vascular invasion.
Ikeda H, Matsuyama S, Suzuki N, Takahashi A, Kuroiwa M, Nagashima K, Hirato J
Acta Paediatr Jpn 1995 Aug;37(4):537-40. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-200x.1995.tb03372.x. PMID: 7572162

Prognosis

Half-life of serum alpha-fetoprotein in prepubertal testicular yolk sac tumors: an index significantly associated with prognosis.
Li Z, Liu P, Li J, Yang Z, Fan S, Shao Z, Xia Y, Wang Z, Wang X, Sun N, Zhang W, Song H
World J Urol 2024 Jul 22;42(1):429. doi: 10.1007/s00345-024-05131-w. PMID: 39037463
Develop and validate nomogram to predict cancer-specific survival for patients with testicular yolk sac tumors.
Li M, Wang J, Li J, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Lin Y, Deng C, Li F, Peng Q
Front Public Health 2022;10:1038502. Epub 2022 Oct 17 doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1038502. PMID: 36324443Free PMC Article
Yolk Sac Tumor of the Testis in Infants and Children: A Clinicopathologic Analysis of 33 Cases.
Cornejo KM, Frazier L, Lee RS, Kozakewich HP, Young RH
Am J Surg Pathol 2015 Aug;39(8):1121-31. doi: 10.1097/PAS.0000000000000432. PMID: 25828390
Testicular yolk sac tumors in children: a review of 61 patients over 19 years.
Wei Y, Wu S, Lin T, He D, Li X, Liu J, Liu X, Hua Y, Lu P, Wei G
World J Surg Oncol 2014 Dec 29;12:400. doi: 10.1186/1477-7819-12-400. PMID: 25547829Free PMC Article
Yolk sac tumor in a patient with transverse testicular ectopia.
Zhu YP, Zhang SL, Ye DW, Shi GH, Xiao WJ
World J Surg Oncol 2011 Aug 16;9:91. doi: 10.1186/1477-7819-9-91. PMID: 21843365Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

Develop and validate nomogram to predict cancer-specific survival for patients with testicular yolk sac tumors.
Li M, Wang J, Li J, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Lin Y, Deng C, Li F, Peng Q
Front Public Health 2022;10:1038502. Epub 2022 Oct 17 doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1038502. PMID: 36324443Free PMC Article
High-level expression of divergent endodermal lineage markers in gonadal and extra-gonadal yolk sac tumors.
Shojaei H, Hong H, Redline RW
Mod Pathol 2016 Oct;29(10):1278-88. Epub 2016 Jul 22 doi: 10.1038/modpathol.2016.131. PMID: 27443515
Yolk Sac Tumor of the Testis in Infants and Children: A Clinicopathologic Analysis of 33 Cases.
Cornejo KM, Frazier L, Lee RS, Kozakewich HP, Young RH
Am J Surg Pathol 2015 Aug;39(8):1121-31. doi: 10.1097/PAS.0000000000000432. PMID: 25828390
Glypican-3 expression in clear cell adenocarcinoma of the ovary.
Maeda D, Ota S, Takazawa Y, Aburatani H, Nakagawa S, Yano T, Taketani Y, Kodama T, Fukayama M
Mod Pathol 2009 Jun;22(6):824-32. Epub 2009 Mar 27 doi: 10.1038/modpathol.2009.40. PMID: 19329941
The incidence of yolk sac tumor (endodermal sinus tumor) elements in germ cell tumors of the testis in adults.
Talerman A
Cancer 1975 Jul;36(1):211-5. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(197507)36:1<211::aid-cncr2820360122>3.0.co;2-w. PMID: 1203848

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