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Nasopharyngeal carcinoma

MedGen UID:
419909
•Concept ID:
C2931822
•
Neoplastic Process
Synonym: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, somatic
SNOMED CT: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (449248000)
Modes of inheritance:
Non-Mendelian inheritance
MedGen UID:
109109
•Concept ID:
C0600599
•
Genetic Function
Source: Orphanet
A mode of inheritance that depends on genetic determinants in more than one gene.
Not genetically inherited
MedGen UID:
988794
•Concept ID:
CN307044
•
Finding
Source: Orphanet
clinical entity without genetic inheritance.
See: This record
Non-Mendelian inheritance (Orphanet)
Not genetically inherited (Orphanet)
 
Gene (location): TP53 (17p13.1)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0015459
OMIM®: 607107
Orphanet: ORPHA150

Definition

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC, NPCA) is a multifactorial malignancy associated with both genetic and environmental factors. The cancer arises from the epithelium of the nasopharynx. The Epstein-Barr virus has been implicated (Tse et al., 2009). Genetic Heterogeneity of Susceptibility to Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma NPCA1 maps to chromosome 4p. NPCA2 (161550) maps to chromosome 6p21. NPCA3 (617075) is associated with variation in the MST1R gene (600168) on chromosome 3p21. Somatic mutations have been found in the TP53 gene (191170) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tumors. [from OMIM]

Clinical features

From HPO
Nasopharyngeal neoplasm
MedGen UID:
6526
•Concept ID:
C0027439
•
Neoplastic Process
A benign or malignant neoplasm affecting the nasopharynx. Representative examples of benign neoplasms include angiofibroma and squamous papilloma. Representative examples of malignant neoplasms include keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma and nonkeratinizing carcinoma.
See: Feature record | Search on this feature

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVNasopharyngeal carcinoma
Follow this link to review classifications for Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Orphanet.

Professional guidelines

PubMed

International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Sinonasal Tumors.
Kuan EC, Wang EW, Adappa ND, Beswick DM, London NR Jr, Su SY, Wang MB, Abuzeid WM, Alexiev B, Alt JA, Antognoni P, Alonso-Basanta M, Batra PS, Bhayani M, Bell D, Bernal-Sprekelsen M, Betz CS, Blay JY, Bleier BS, Bonilla-Velez J, Callejas C, Carrau RL, Casiano RR, Castelnuovo P, Chandra RK, Chatzinakis V, Chen SB, Chiu AG, Choby G, Chowdhury NI, Citardi MJ, Cohen MA, Dagan R, Dalfino G, Dallan I, Dassi CS, de Almeida J, Dei Tos AP, DelGaudio JM, Ebert CS, El-Sayed IH, Eloy JA, Evans JJ, Fang CH, Farrell NF, Ferrari M, Fischbein N, Folbe A, Fokkens WJ, Fox MG, Lund VJ, Gallia GL, Gardner PA, Geltzeiler M, Georgalas C, Getz AE, Govindaraj S, Gray ST, Grayson JW, Gross BA, Grube JG, Guo R, Ha PK, Halderman AA, Hanna EY, Harvey RJ, Hernandez SC, Holtzman AL, Hopkins C, Huang Z, Huang Z, Humphreys IM, Hwang PH, Iloreta AM, Ishii M, Ivan ME, Jafari A, Kennedy DW, Khan M, Kimple AJ, Kingdom TT, Knisely A, Kuo YJ, Lal D, Lamarre ED, Lan MY, Le H, Lechner M, Lee NY, Lee JK, Lee VH, Levine CG, Lin JC, Lin DT, Lobo BC, Locke T, Luong AU, Magliocca KR, Markovic SN, Matnjani G, McKean EL, Meço C, Mendenhall WM, Michel L, Na'ara S, Nicolai P, Nuss DW, Nyquist GG, Oakley GM, Omura K, Orlandi RR, Otori N, Papagiannopoulos P, Patel ZM, Pfister DG, Phan J, Psaltis AJ, Rabinowitz MR, Ramanathan M Jr, Rimmer R, Rosen MR, Sanusi O, Sargi ZB, Schafhausen P, Schlosser RJ, Sedaghat AR, Senior BA, Shrivastava R, Sindwani R, Smith TL, Smith KA, Snyderman CH, Solares CA, Sreenath SB, Stamm A, Stölzel K, Sumer B, Surda P, Tajudeen BA, Thompson LDR, Thorp BD, Tong CCL, Tsang RK, Turner JH, Turri-Zanoni M, Udager AM, van Zele T, VanKoevering K, Welch KC, Wise SK, Witterick IJ, Won TB, Wong SN, Woodworth BA, Wormald PJ, Yao WC, Yeh CF, Zhou B, Palmer JN
Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2024 Feb;14(2):149-608. Epub 2024 Jan 2 doi: 10.1002/alr.23262. PMID: 37658764
The tumor immune microenvironment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma after gemcitabine plus cisplatin treatment.
Lv J, Wei Y, Yin JH, Chen YP, Zhou GQ, Wei C, Liang XY, Zhang Y, Zhang CJ, He SW, He QM, Huang ZL, Guan JL, Shen JY, Li XM, Li JY, Li WF, Tang LL, Mao YP, Guo R, Sun R, Zheng YH, Zhou WW, Xiong KX, Wang SQ, Jin X, Liu N, Li GB, Kuang DM, Sun Y, Ma J
Nat Med 2023 Jun;29(6):1424-1436. Epub 2023 Jun 6 doi: 10.1038/s41591-023-02369-6. PMID: 37280275
Management of locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Lee AWM, Ng WT, Chan JYW, Corry J, Mäkitie A, Mendenhall WM, Rinaldo A, Rodrigo JP, Saba NF, Strojan P, Suárez C, Vermorken JB, Yom SS, Ferlito A
Cancer Treat Rev 2019 Sep;79:101890. Epub 2019 Aug 21 doi: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2019.101890. PMID: 31470314

Curated

NCCN, Head and Neck, 2.2022

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Exosomes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Liu Y, Wen J, Huang W
Clin Chim Acta 2021 Dec;523:355-364. Epub 2021 Oct 16 doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.10.013. PMID: 34666030
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: ESMO-EURACAN Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up(†).
Bossi P, Chan AT, Licitra L, Trama A, Orlandi E, Hui EP, Halámková J, Mattheis S, Baujat B, Hardillo J, Smeele L, van Herpen C, Castro A, Machiels JP; ESMO Guidelines Committee. Electronic address: clinicalguidelines@esmo.org; EURACAN
Ann Oncol 2021 Apr;32(4):452-465. Epub 2020 Dec 25 doi: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.12.007. PMID: 33358989
Anti-EGFR therapies in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Chen X, Liang R, Zhu X
Biomed Pharmacother 2020 Nov;131:110649. Epub 2020 Aug 21 doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110649. PMID: 32836074
Management of locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Lee AWM, Ng WT, Chan JYW, Corry J, Mäkitie A, Mendenhall WM, Rinaldo A, Rodrigo JP, Saba NF, Strojan P, Suárez C, Vermorken JB, Yom SS, Ferlito A
Cancer Treat Rev 2019 Sep;79:101890. Epub 2019 Aug 21 doi: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2019.101890. PMID: 31470314
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Chen YP, Chan ATC, Le QT, Blanchard P, Sun Y, Ma J
Lancet 2019 Jul 6;394(10192):64-80. Epub 2019 Jun 6 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30956-0. PMID: 31178151

Diagnosis

Immunotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Current status and prospects (Review).
Huang H, Yao Y, Deng X, Huang Z, Chen Y, Wang Z, Hong H, Huang H, Lin T
Int J Oncol 2023 Aug;63(2) Epub 2023 Jul 7 doi: 10.3892/ijo.2023.5545. PMID: 37417358Free PMC Article
Chemotherapy and chemo-resistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Guan S, Wei J, Huang L, Wu L
Eur J Med Chem 2020 Dec 1;207:112758. Epub 2020 Aug 20 doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112758. PMID: 32858472
Management of locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Lee AWM, Ng WT, Chan JYW, Corry J, Mäkitie A, Mendenhall WM, Rinaldo A, Rodrigo JP, Saba NF, Strojan P, Suárez C, Vermorken JB, Yom SS, Ferlito A
Cancer Treat Rev 2019 Sep;79:101890. Epub 2019 Aug 21 doi: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2019.101890. PMID: 31470314
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Chen YP, Chan ATC, Le QT, Blanchard P, Sun Y, Ma J
Lancet 2019 Jul 6;394(10192):64-80. Epub 2019 Jun 6 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30956-0. PMID: 31178151
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Chua MLK, Wee JTS, Hui EP, Chan ATC
Lancet 2016 Mar 5;387(10022):1012-1024. Epub 2015 Aug 28 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00055-0. PMID: 26321262

Therapy

Immunotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Current status and prospects (Review).
Huang H, Yao Y, Deng X, Huang Z, Chen Y, Wang Z, Hong H, Huang H, Lin T
Int J Oncol 2023 Aug;63(2) Epub 2023 Jul 7 doi: 10.3892/ijo.2023.5545. PMID: 37417358Free PMC Article
The tumor immune microenvironment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma after gemcitabine plus cisplatin treatment.
Lv J, Wei Y, Yin JH, Chen YP, Zhou GQ, Wei C, Liang XY, Zhang Y, Zhang CJ, He SW, He QM, Huang ZL, Guan JL, Shen JY, Li XM, Li JY, Li WF, Tang LL, Mao YP, Guo R, Sun R, Zheng YH, Zhou WW, Xiong KX, Wang SQ, Jin X, Liu N, Li GB, Kuang DM, Sun Y, Ma J
Nat Med 2023 Jun;29(6):1424-1436. Epub 2023 Jun 6 doi: 10.1038/s41591-023-02369-6. PMID: 37280275
Effect of Radiotherapy Alone vs Radiotherapy With Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy on Survival Without Disease Relapse in Patients With Low-risk Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Tang LL, Guo R, Zhang N, Deng B, Chen L, Cheng ZB, Huang J, Hu WH, Huang SH, Luo WJ, Liang JH, Zheng YM, Zhang F, Mao YP, Li WF, Zhou GQ, Liu X, Chen YP, Xu C, Lin L, Liu Q, Du XJ, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Ma J
JAMA 2022 Aug 23;328(8):728-736. doi: 10.1001/jama.2022.13997. PMID: 35997729Free PMC Article
Gemcitabine and Cisplatin Induction Chemotherapy in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.
Zhang Y, Chen L, Hu GQ, Zhang N, Zhu XD, Yang KY, Jin F, Shi M, Chen YP, Hu WH, Cheng ZB, Wang SY, Tian Y, Wang XC, Sun Y, Li JG, Li WF, Li YH, Tang LL, Mao YP, Zhou GQ, Sun R, Liu X, Guo R, Long GX, Liang SQ, Li L, Huang J, Long JH, Zang J, Liu QD, Zou L, Su QF, Zheng BM, Xiao Y, Guo Y, Han F, Mo HY, Lv JW, Du XJ, Xu C, Liu N, Li YQ, Chua MLK, Xie FY, Sun Y, Ma J
N Engl J Med 2019 Sep 19;381(12):1124-1135. Epub 2019 May 31 doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1905287. PMID: 31150573
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Chua MLK, Wee JTS, Hui EP, Chan ATC
Lancet 2016 Mar 5;387(10022):1012-1024. Epub 2015 Aug 28 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00055-0. PMID: 26321262

Prognosis

Nasopharyngeal Cancer Incidence and Mortality in 185 Countries in 2020 and the Projected Burden in 2040: Population-Based Global Epidemiological Profiling.
Zhang Y, Rumgay H, Li M, Cao S, Chen W
JMIR Public Health Surveill 2023 Sep 20;9:e49968. doi: 10.2196/49968. PMID: 37728964Free PMC Article
Elderly nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients (aged ≥70 years): Survival and treatment strategies.
Yang G, Huang J, Sun J, Wang L
Cancer Med 2023 Oct;12(19):19523-19529. Epub 2023 Sep 19 doi: 10.1002/cam4.6562. PMID: 37724570Free PMC Article
Incidence and Risk Factors for Radiotherapy-Induced Oral Mucositis Among Patients With Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis.
Li J, Zhu C, Zhang Y, Guan C, Wang Q, Ding Y, Hu X
Asian Nurs Res (Korean Soc Nurs Sci) 2023 May;17(2):70-82. Epub 2023 Apr 22 doi: 10.1016/j.anr.2023.04.002. PMID: 37094771
Patterns and prognosis of regional recurrence in nasopharyngeal carcinoma after intensity-modulated radiotherapy.
Xiao XT, Wu YS, Chen YP, Liu X, Guo R, Tang LL, Ma J, Li WF
Cancer Med 2023 Jan;12(2):1399-1408. Epub 2022 Jul 13 doi: 10.1002/cam4.5020. PMID: 35822664Free PMC Article
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Vokes EE, Liebowitz DN, Weichselbaum RR
Lancet 1997 Oct 11;350(9084):1087-91. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)07269-3. PMID: 10213566

Clinical prediction guides

Role of chemotherapy in patients with nasopharynx carcinoma treated with radiotherapy (MAC-NPC): an updated individual patient data network meta-analysis.
Petit C, Lee A, Ma J, Lacas B, Ng WT, Chan ATC, Hong RL, Chen MY, Chen L, Li WF, Huang PY, Tan T, Ngan RKC, Zhu G, Mai HQ, Hui EP, Fountzilas G, Zhang L, Carmel A, Kwong DLW, Moon J, Bourhis J, Auperin A, Pignon JP, Blanchard P; MAC-NPC Collaborative Group
Lancet Oncol 2023 Jun;24(6):611-623. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(23)00163-8. PMID: 37269842
Clinical and genome-wide association analysis of chemoradiation-induced hearing loss in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
He YQ, Luo LT, Wang TM, Xue WQ, Yang DW, Li DH, Diao H, Xiao RW, Deng CM, Zhang WL, Liao Y, Wu YX, Wang QL, Zhou T, Li XZ, Zheng XH, Zhang PF, Zhang SD, Hu YZ, Sun Y, Jia WH
Hum Genet 2023 Jun;142(6):759-772. Epub 2023 Apr 16 doi: 10.1007/s00439-023-02554-0. PMID: 37062025Free PMC Article
Effect of Radiotherapy Alone vs Radiotherapy With Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy on Survival Without Disease Relapse in Patients With Low-risk Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Tang LL, Guo R, Zhang N, Deng B, Chen L, Cheng ZB, Huang J, Hu WH, Huang SH, Luo WJ, Liang JH, Zheng YM, Zhang F, Mao YP, Li WF, Zhou GQ, Liu X, Chen YP, Xu C, Lin L, Liu Q, Du XJ, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Ma J
JAMA 2022 Aug 23;328(8):728-736. doi: 10.1001/jama.2022.13997. PMID: 35997729Free PMC Article
Development and validation of a gene expression-based signature to predict distant metastasis in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a retrospective, multicentre, cohort study.
Tang XR, Li YQ, Liang SB, Jiang W, Liu F, Ge WX, Tang LL, Mao YP, He QM, Yang XJ, Zhang Y, Wen X, Zhang J, Wang YQ, Zhang PP, Sun Y, Yun JP, Zeng J, Li L, Liu LZ, Liu N, Ma J
Lancet Oncol 2018 Mar;19(3):382-393. Epub 2018 Feb 7 doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(18)30080-9. PMID: 29428165
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a review.
Petersson F
Semin Diagn Pathol 2015 Jan;32(1):54-73. Epub 2015 Feb 25 doi: 10.1053/j.semdp.2015.02.021. PMID: 25769204

Recent systematic reviews

Salvage treatments for locally recurrent nasopharyngeal cancer: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Wang D, Liao M, Wu J, Luo W, Qi S, Liu B, Li J
Head Neck 2023 Feb;45(2):503-520. Epub 2022 Nov 24 doi: 10.1002/hed.27253. PMID: 36420965
Induction chemotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma- A systematic review of phase III clinical trials.
Nazeer F, Poulose JV, Kainickal CT
Cancer Treat Res Commun 2022;32:100589. Epub 2022 Jun 12 doi: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2022.100589. PMID: 35724627
MRI detection of suspected nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Gorolay VV, Niles NN, Huo YR, Ahmadi N, Hanneman K, Thompson E, Chan MV
Neuroradiology 2022 Aug;64(8):1471-1481. Epub 2022 Apr 30 doi: 10.1007/s00234-022-02941-w. PMID: 35499636Free PMC Article
Chemotherapy in Combination With Radiotherapy for Definitive-Intent Treatment of Stage II-IVA Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: CSCO and ASCO Guideline.
Chen YP, Ismaila N, Chua MLK, Colevas AD, Haddad R, Huang SH, Wee JTS, Whitley AC, Yi JL, Yom SS, Chan ATC, Hu CS, Lang JY, Le QT, Lee AWM, Lee N, Lin JC, Ma B, Morgan TJ, Shah J, Sun Y, Ma J
J Clin Oncol 2021 Mar 1;39(7):840-859. Epub 2021 Jan 6 doi: 10.1200/JCO.20.03237. PMID: 33405943
International Guideline on Dose Prioritization and Acceptance Criteria in Radiation Therapy Planning for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.
Lee AW, Ng WT, Pan JJ, Chiang CL, Poh SS, Choi HC, Ahn YC, AlHussain H, Corry J, Grau C, Grégoire V, Harrington KJ, Hu CS, Kwong DL, Langendijk JA, Le QT, Lee NY, Lin JC, Lu TX, Mendenhall WM, O'Sullivan B, Ozyar E, Peters LJ, Rosenthal DI, Sanguineti G, Soong YL, Tao Y, Yom SS, Wee JT
Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019 Nov 1;105(3):567-580. Epub 2019 Jul 2 doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.2540. PMID: 31276776

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