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Abnormal thrombosis

MedGen UID:
871247
Concept ID:
C4025731
Anatomical Abnormality
Synonyms: Abnormal blood clot; Abnormal blood clotting
 
HPO: HP:0001977

Definition

Venous or arterial thrombosis (formation of blood clots) of spontaneous nature and which cannot be fully explained by acquired risk (e.g. atherosclerosis). [from HPO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • Abnormal thrombosis

Conditions with this feature

Acquired polycythemia vera
MedGen UID:
45996
Concept ID:
C0032463
Neoplastic Process
Polycythemia vera (PV), the most common form of primary polycythemia, is caused by somatic mutation in a single hematopoietic stem cell leading to clonal hematopoiesis. PV is a myeloproliferative disorder characterized predominantly by erythroid hyperplasia, but also by myeloid leukocytosis, thrombocytosis, and splenomegaly. Familial cases of PV are very rare and usually manifest in elderly patients (Cario, 2005). PV is distinct from the familial erythrocytoses (see, e.g., ECYT1, 133100), which are caused by inherited mutations resulting in hypersensitivity of erythroid progenitors to hormonal influences or increased levels of circulating hormones, namely erythropoietin (EPO; 133170) (Prchal, 2005).
Hereditary pancreatitis
MedGen UID:
116056
Concept ID:
C0238339
Disease or Syndrome
PRSS1-related hereditary pancreatitis (HP) is characterized by episodes of acute pancreatitis (AP) and recurrent acute pancreatitis (RAP: >1 episode of AP), with frequent progression to chronic pancreatitis (CP). Manifestations of acute pancreatitis can range from vague abdominal pain lasting one to three days to severe abdominal pain lasting days to weeks and requiring hospitalization.
Arterial tortuosity syndrome
MedGen UID:
347942
Concept ID:
C1859726
Disease or Syndrome
Arterial tortuosity syndrome (ATS) is characterized by widespread elongation and tortuosity of the aorta and mid-sized arteries as well as focal stenosis of segments of the pulmonary arteries and/or aorta combined with findings of a generalized connective tissue disorder, which may include soft or doughy hyperextensible skin, joint hypermobility, inguinal hernia, and diaphragmatic hernia. Skeletal findings include pectus excavatum or carinatum, arachnodactyly, scoliosis, knee/elbow contractures, and camptodactyly. The cardiovascular system is the major source of morbidity and mortality with increased risk at any age for aneurysm formation and dissection both at the aortic root and throughout the arterial tree, and for ischemic vascular events involving cerebrovascular circulation (resulting in non-hemorrhagic stroke) and the abdominal arteries (resulting in infarctions of abdominal organs).
MPI-congenital disorder of glycosylation
MedGen UID:
400692
Concept ID:
C1865145
Disease or Syndrome
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDGs) are a genetically heterogeneous group of autosomal recessive disorders caused by enzymatic defects in the synthesis and processing of asparagine (N)-linked glycans or oligosaccharides on glycoproteins. Type I CDGs comprise defects in the assembly of the dolichol lipid-linked oligosaccharide (LLO) chain and its transfer to the nascent protein. These disorders can be identified by a characteristic abnormal isoelectric focusing profile of plasma transferrin (Leroy, 2006). For a discussion of the classification of CDGs, see CDG1A (212065). CDG Ib is clinically distinct from most other CDGs by the lack of significant central nervous system involvement. The predominant symptoms are chronic diarrhea with failure to thrive and protein-losing enteropathy with coagulopathy. Some patients develop hepatic fibrosis. CDG Ib is also different from other CDGs in that it can be treated effectively with oral mannose supplementation, but can be fatal if untreated (Marquardt and Denecke, 2003). Thus, CDG Ib should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with unexplained hypoglycemia, chronic diarrhea, liver disease, or coagulopathy in order to allow early diagnosis and effective therapy (Vuillaumier-Barrot et al., 2002) Freeze and Aebi (1999) reviewed CDG Ib and CDG Ic (603147). Marques-da-Silva et al. (2017) systematically reviewed the literature concerning liver involvement in CDG.
Plasminogen deficiency, type I
MedGen UID:
369859
Concept ID:
C1968804
Disease or Syndrome
Congenital plasminogen deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized clinically by chronic mucosal pseudomembranous lesions consisting of subepithelial fibrin deposition and inflammation. The most common clinical manifestation is ligneous ('wood-like') conjunctivitis, a redness and subsequent formation of pseudomembranes mostly on the palpebral surfaces of the eye that progress to white, yellow-white, or red thick masses with a wood-like consistency that replace the normal mucosa. The lesions may be triggered by local injury and/or infection and often recur after local excision. Pseudomembranous lesions of other mucous membranes often occur in the mouth, nasopharynx, trachea, and female genital tract. Some affected children also have congenital occlusive hydrocephalus. A slightly increased female:male ratio has been observed (1.4:1 to 2:1) (Schuster and Seregard, 2003; Tefs et al., 2006). Type I plasminogen deficiency is characterized by decreased serum plasminogen activity, decreased plasminogen antigen levels, and clinical symptoms, whereas type II plasminogen deficiency, also known as 'dysplasminogenemia,' is characterized by decreased plasminogen activity with normal or slightly reduced antigen levels. Patients with type II deficiency are usually asymptomatic. Ligneous conjunctivitis and pseudomembranous formation has only been associated with type I plasminogen deficiency. Presumably, normal amounts of plasminogen antigen with decreased activity, as seen in type II, is sufficient for normal wound healing (Schuster and Seregard, 2003).
Hereditary thrombophilia due to congenital histidine-rich (poly-L) glycoprotein deficiency
MedGen UID:
416465
Concept ID:
C2751090
Disease or Syndrome
Hereditary thrombophilia due to congenital histidine-rich (poly-L) glycoprotein deficiency is a rare, genetic, coagulation disorder characterized by a tendency to develop thrombosis, resulting from decreased histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) plasma levels. Manifestations are variable depending on location of thrombosis, but may include headaches, diplopia, progressive pain, limb swelling, itching or ulceration, and brownish skin discoloration, among others.
Pulmonary hypertension, primary, 1
MedGen UID:
1643124
Concept ID:
C4552070
Disease or Syndrome
Primary pulmonary arterial hypertension is a rare, often fatal, progressive vascular lung disease characterized by increased pulmonary vascular resistance and sustained elevation of mean pulmonary arterial pressure, leading to right ventricular hypertrophy and right heart failure. Pathologic features include a narrowing and thickening of small pulmonary vessels and plexiform lesions. There is pulmonary vascular remodeling of all layers of pulmonary arterial vessels: intimal thickening, smooth muscle cell hypertrophy or hyperplasia, adventitial fibrosis, and occluded vessels by in situ thrombosis (summary by Machado et al., 2009 and Han et al., 2013). Heterozygous mutations in the BMPR2 gene are found in nearly 70% of families with heritable PPH and in 25% of patients with sporadic disease. The disease is more common in women (female:male ratio of 1.7:1). However, the penetrance of PPH1 is incomplete: only about 10 to 20% of individuals with BMPR2 mutations develop the disease during their lifetime, suggesting that development of the disorder is triggered by other genetic or environmental factors. Patients with PPH1 are less likely to respond to acute vasodilater testing and are unlikely to benefit from treatment with calcium channel blockade (summary by Machado et al., 2009 and Han et al., 2013). Genetic Heterogeneity of Primary Pulmonary Hypertension See also PPH2 (615342), caused by mutation in the SMAD9 gene (603295) on chromosome 13q13; PPH3 (615343), caused by mutation in the CAV1 gene (601047) on chromosome 7q31; PPH4 (615344), caused by mutation in the KCNK3 gene (603220) on chromosome 2p23; PPH5 (265400), caused by mutation in the ATP13A3 gene (610232) on chromosome 3q29; and PPH6 (620777), caused by mutation in the CAPNS1 gene (114170) on chromosome 19q13. Primary pulmonary hypertension may also be found in association with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia type 1 (HHT1; 187300), caused by mutation in the ENG gene (131195), and HHT2 (600376), caused by mutation in the ACVRL1 (ALK1) gene (601284). Pediatric-onset pulmonary hypertension may be seen in association with ischiocoxopodopatellar syndrome (ICPPS; 147891). The skeletal manifestations of ICPPS are highly variable and may not be detected in children. Parents are not likely to have PAH (Levy et al., 2016).
Macrothrombocytopenia and granulocyte inclusions with or without nephritis or sensorineural hearing loss
MedGen UID:
1704278
Concept ID:
C5200934
Disease or Syndrome
MYH9-related disease (MYH9-RD) is characterized in all affected individuals by hematologic features present from birth consisting of platelet macrocytosis (i.e., >40% of platelets larger than 3.9 µm in diameter), thrombocytopenia (platelet count <150 x 109/L), and aggregates of the MYH9 protein in the cytoplasm of neutrophil granulocytes. Most affected individuals develop one or more additional extrahematologic manifestations of the disease over their lifetime, including sensorineural hearing loss, renal disease (manifesting initially as glomerular nephropathy), presenile cataracts, and/or elevation of liver enzymes.

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Vogel RA, Benitez RM
Rev Cardiovasc Med 2000 Summer;1(1):34-42. PMID: 12457150

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Lowenstein CJ
Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc 2024;134:230-238. PMID: 39135563Free PMC Article
Narang J, Jatana S, Ponti AK, Musich R, Gallop J, Wei AH, Seck S, Johnson J, Kokoczka L, Nowacki AS, McBride JD, Mireles-Cabodevila E, Gordon S, Cooper K, Fernandez AP, McDonald C
Front Immunol 2023;14:1031336. Epub 2023 Mar 21 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1031336. PMID: 37026002Free PMC Article
Yao Y, Xu M
Medicine (Baltimore) 2021 Feb 26;100(8):e24892. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000024892. PMID: 33663119Free PMC Article
Arnold PD
Paediatr Anaesth 2014 Jan;24(1):89-97. Epub 2013 Nov 15 doi: 10.1111/pan.12296. PMID: 24237961
Ilhan F, Celiker U, Godekmerdan A, Kan E
Arch Med Res 2005 Jul-Aug;36(4):372-5. doi: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2005.03.032. PMID: 15950077

Diagnosis

Yao Y, Xu M
Medicine (Baltimore) 2021 Feb 26;100(8):e24892. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000024892. PMID: 33663119Free PMC Article
Ilhan F, Celiker U, Godekmerdan A, Kan E
Arch Med Res 2005 Jul-Aug;36(4):372-5. doi: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2005.03.032. PMID: 15950077

Therapy

Yao Y, Xu M
Medicine (Baltimore) 2021 Feb 26;100(8):e24892. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000024892. PMID: 33663119Free PMC Article
Arnold PD
Paediatr Anaesth 2014 Jan;24(1):89-97. Epub 2013 Nov 15 doi: 10.1111/pan.12296. PMID: 24237961

Prognosis

Narang J, Jatana S, Ponti AK, Musich R, Gallop J, Wei AH, Seck S, Johnson J, Kokoczka L, Nowacki AS, McBride JD, Mireles-Cabodevila E, Gordon S, Cooper K, Fernandez AP, McDonald C
Front Immunol 2023;14:1031336. Epub 2023 Mar 21 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1031336. PMID: 37026002Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

Yao Y, Xu M
Medicine (Baltimore) 2021 Feb 26;100(8):e24892. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000024892. PMID: 33663119Free PMC Article
Cortes-Canteli M, Paul J, Norris EH, Bronstein R, Ahn HJ, Zamolodchikov D, Bhuvanendran S, Fenz KM, Strickland S
Neuron 2010 Jun 10;66(5):695-709. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2010.05.014. PMID: 20547128Free PMC Article
Ilhan F, Celiker U, Godekmerdan A, Kan E
Arch Med Res 2005 Jul-Aug;36(4):372-5. doi: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2005.03.032. PMID: 15950077

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