Full Report

Format

Full Report
Summary (Text)
Summary (XML)

Send to:

Choose Destination

File
Clipboard
Collections

Metastasis

MedGen UID:: 45032
•Concept ID:: C0027627
•: Neoplastic Process

Synonyms:

Metastase; Metastases; Metastases, Neoplasm; Metastasis, Neoplasm; Neoplasm Metastases; Neoplasm Metastasis

Definition

The spread or migration of cancer cells from one part of the body (the organ in which it first appeared) to another. The secondary tumor contains cells that are like those in the original (primary) tumor. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

GTR
MeSH

CClinical test, RResearch test, OOMIM, GGeneReviews, VClinVar

CROGVMetastasis

Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms
- Pathological process
  - Disease Attributes
    - Course of illness
      - Tumor Progression
        Cancer Progression
        Metastasis
        Direct Extension
        Intracranial Extension
        Distant Metastasis
        Extranodal Involvement
        In-Transit Metastasis
        Cutaneous Melanoma In-Transit Metastasis
        Intravascular Metastasis
        Lymphatic Metastasis
        Macrometastasis
        Malignant tumor of unknown origin
        Cancer of unknown primary site
        Adenocarcinoma of Unknown Primary
        Advanced Carcinoma Of Unknown Primary
        Head and Neck Carcinoma of Unknown Primary
        Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of Unknown Primary
        Recurrent Carcinoma of Unknown Primary
        Resectable Carcinoma of Unknown Primary
        Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Unknown Primary
        Undifferentiated Carcinoma of Unknown Primary
        Melanoma of Unknown Primary
        Unknown Primary Tumor (Except for EBV-Related and HPV-Related Tumors) and Metastatic Cervical Adenopathy by AJCC v8 Stage
        Stage III Unknown Primary Tumor (Except for EBV-Related and HPV-Related Tumors) and Metastatic Cervical Adenopathy AJCC v8
        Stage IVA Unknown Primary Tumor (Except for EBV-Related and HPV-Related Tumors) and Metastatic Cervical Adenopathy AJCC v8
        Stage IVB Unknown Primary Tumor (Except for EBV-Related and HPV-Related Tumors) and Metastatic Cervical Adenopathy AJCC v8
        Stage IVC Unknown Primary Tumor (Except for EBV-Related and HPV-Related Tumors) and Metastatic Cervical Adenopathy AJCC v8
        Micrometastasis
        Macrometastasis Greater than 2.0 mm
        Micrometastasis 0.2 mm to 2.0 mm
        Multiple Metastases
        Neoplasm Seeding
        Oligometastasis
        Satellite Tumor
        Single Metastasis
        Skip Metastasis
        Spread of Lymphoma

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Preclinical to clinical utility of ROCK inhibitors in cancer.

Barcelo J, Samain R, Sanz-Moreno V
Trends Cancer 2023 Mar;9(3):250-263. Epub 2023 Jan 2 doi: 10.1016/j.trecan.2022.12.001. PMID: 36599733

Current state of melanoma diagnosis and treatment.

Davis LE, Shalin SC, Tackett AJ
Cancer Biol Ther 2019;20(11):1366-1379. Epub 2019 Aug 1 doi: 10.1080/15384047.2019.1640032. PMID: 31366280 Free PMC Article

Bone Cancer: Diagnosis and Treatment Principles.

Ferguson JL, Turner SP
Am Fam Physician 2018 Aug 15;98(4):205-213. PMID: 30215968

See all (9033)

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Narrative review of local prostate and metastasis-directed radiotherapy in the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer.

Terada N, Aizawa R, Nihei K, Shiota M, Kojima T, Kimura T, Inoue T, Kitamura H, Sugimoto M, Nishiyama H, Mizowaki T, Kamoto T
Jpn J Clin Oncol 2022 May 31;52(6):633-641. doi: 10.1093/jjco/hyac035. PMID: 35325157

Endothelial Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment.

Sobierajska K, Ciszewski WM, Sacewicz-Hofman I, Niewiarowska J
Adv Exp Med Biol 2020;1234:71-86. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-37184-5_6. PMID: 32040856

The Tumor Vessel Targeting Strategy: A Double-Edged Sword in Tumor Metastasis.

Li X, Li Y, Lu W, Chen M, Ye W, Zhang D
Cells 2019 Dec 10;8(12) doi: 10.3390/cells8121602. PMID: 31835465 Free PMC Article

Axillary lymph node metastasis in second oropharyngeal cancer.

Alessandro S, Magremanne M, Marbaix E, Reychler H, Mahy P
J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019 Apr;120(2):160-163. Epub 2018 Nov 1 doi: 10.1016/j.jormas.2018.10.010. PMID: 30391374

Targeting metastasis.

Steeg PS
Nat Rev Cancer 2016 Apr;16(4):201-18. doi: 10.1038/nrc.2016.25. PMID: 27009393 Free PMC Article

See all (118043)

Diagnosis

Breast Cancer Metastasis: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications.

Park M, Kim D, Ko S, Kim A, Mo K, Yoon H
Int J Mol Sci 2022 Jun 18;23(12) doi: 10.3390/ijms23126806. PMID: 35743249 Free PMC Article

Bone metastases.

Nat Rev Dis Primers 2020 Oct 15;6(1):82. doi: 10.1038/s41572-020-00226-1. PMID: 33060570

A Deep Dive into the Diagnosis and Management of Regional Lymph Node Metastases.

Wuthrick EJ, Harrison LB
Semin Radiat Oncol 2019 Apr;29(2):91-92. doi: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2018.11.009. PMID: 30827457

Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition in Tumor Metastasis.

Mittal V
Annu Rev Pathol 2018 Jan 24;13:395-412. doi: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-020117-043854. PMID: 29414248

Breast cancer metastasis: markers and models.

Weigelt B, Peterse JL, van 't Veer LJ
Nat Rev Cancer 2005 Aug;5(8):591-602. doi: 10.1038/nrc1670. PMID: 16056258

See all (109024)

Therapy

Blocking channels to metastasis: targeting sodium transport in breast cancer.

Brackenbury WJ, Palmieri C
Breast Cancer Res 2023 Nov 10;25(1):140. doi: 10.1186/s13058-023-01741-1. PMID: 37950273 Free PMC Article

Melanoma trials that defined surgical management.

Faries MB
J Surg Oncol 2022 Jan;125(1):34-37. doi: 10.1002/jso.26744. PMID: 34897707

Checkpoint inhibitor therapy for metastatic triple-negative breast cancer.

Heeke AL, Tan AR
Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021 Jun;40(2):537-547. Epub 2021 Jun 8 doi: 10.1007/s10555-021-09972-4. PMID: 34101053 Free PMC Article

Intralesional immunotherapy for melanoma.

Hersey P, Gallagher S
J Surg Oncol 2014 Mar;109(4):320-6. Epub 2013 Dec 3 doi: 10.1002/jso.23494. PMID: 24301265

Treatment of patients with metastatic urothelial cancer "unfit" for Cisplatin-based chemotherapy.

Galsky MD, Hahn NM, Rosenberg J, Sonpavde G, Hutson T, Oh WK, Dreicer R, Vogelzang N, Sternberg CN, Bajorin DF, Bellmunt J
J Clin Oncol 2011 Jun 10;29(17):2432-8. Epub 2011 May 9 doi: 10.1200/JCO.2011.34.8433. PMID: 21555688

See all (74976)

Prognosis

Major improvement in thyroid cancer survival of elderly patients in the Nordic countries.

Zitrický F, Koskinen A, Liska V, Försti A, Hemminki A, Hemminki K
Eur J Endocrinol 2024 Mar 2;190(3):K32-K36. doi: 10.1093/ejendo/lvae015. PMID: 38436478

Cancers of the anal canal: diagnosis, treatment and future strategies.

Bown E, Shah V, Sridhar T, Boyle K, Hemingway D, Yeung JM
Future Oncol 2014 Jun;10(8):1427-41. doi: 10.2217/fon.14.23. PMID: 25052753

Lymphadenectomy in metastasectomy.

Dominguez-Ventura A, Nichols FC 3rd
Thorac Surg Clin 2006 May;16(2):139-43. doi: 10.1016/j.thorsurg.2005.12.001. PMID: 16805203

Twenty-year follow-up of a randomized study comparing breast-conserving surgery with radical mastectomy for early breast cancer.

Veronesi U, Cascinelli N, Mariani L, Greco M, Saccozzi R, Luini A, Aguilar M, Marubini E
N Engl J Med 2002 Oct 17;347(16):1227-32. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa020989. PMID: 12393819

Esophageal cancer.

Flood WA, Forastiere AA
Cancer Treat Res 1998;98:1-40. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4615-4977-2_1. PMID: 10326663

See all (142828)

Clinical prediction guides

Commentary: Knowing where to look is half the battle: Nodal dissection for the screening era.

Swanson SJ
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2024 Sep;168(3):684. Epub 2023 Dec 3 doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2023.11.051. PMID: 38052252

Interobserver agreement in the histopathological classification of desmoplastic melanomas.

Lezcano C, Berwick M, Luo L, Barnhill R, Duncan LM, Gerami P, Lowe L, Messina JL, Scolyer RA, Wood B, Yeh I, Zembowicz A, Busam KJ
Pathology 2023 Mar;55(2):223-226. Epub 2023 Jan 2 doi: 10.1016/j.pathol.2022.12.347. PMID: 36653238 Free PMC Article

Future trends in lung cancer diagnosis.

Christensen JD, Patz EF Jr
Radiol Clin North Am 2012 Sep;50(5):1001-8. doi: 10.1016/j.rcl.2012.06.002. PMID: 22974783

Individual life expectancy estimation using validated prognostic scores for patients with cancer of unknown primary.

Ferté C, Penel N, Bonneterre J, Adenis A
Oncology 2010;78(2):87-93. Epub 2010 Mar 30 doi: 10.1159/000306137. PMID: 20357516

The American Joint Committee on Cancer: the 7th edition of the AJCC cancer staging manual and the future of TNM.

Edge SB, Compton CC
Ann Surg Oncol 2010 Jun;17(6):1471-4. doi: 10.1245/s10434-010-0985-4. PMID: 20180029

See all (96419)

Recent systematic reviews

A systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic performance of fluorescein-guided sentinel lymph node biopsy in early breast cancer.

Yadav SK, Bharath S, Sharma D, Srivastava A, Jha CK, Agarwal G, Khadka S, Singh M, Shekhar S, Goyal A
Breast Cancer Res Treat 2024 Jul;206(1):19-30. Epub 2024 Apr 26 doi: 10.1007/s10549-024-07310-0. PMID: 38668856

Use of deep learning for detection, characterisation and prediction of metastatic disease from computerised tomography: a systematic review.

Shivakumar N, Chandrashekar A, Handa AI, Lee R
Postgrad Med J 2022 Jul;98(1161):e20. Epub 2021 Mar 9 doi: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-139620. PMID: 33688072

IL-1α and colorectal cancer pathogenesis: Enthralling candidate for anti-cancer therapy.

Cheng KJ, Mejia Mohammed EH, Khong TL, Mohd Zain S, Thavagnanam S, Ibrahim ZA
Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021 Jul;163:103398. Epub 2021 Jun 18 doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103398. PMID: 34147647

Complete Lymph Node Dissection in Melanoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Delgado AF, Delgado AF
Anticancer Res 2017 Dec;37(12):6825-6829. doi: 10.21873/anticanres.12143. PMID: 29187461

Leptomeningeal metastasis in breast cancer - a systematic review.

Scott BJ, Oberheim-Bush NA, Kesari S
Oncotarget 2016 Jan 26;7(4):3740-7. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.5911. PMID: 26543235 Free PMC Article

See all (3300)

MedGen

National Center for Biotechnology Information