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Mesothelioma

MedGen UID:
9975
•Concept ID:
C0025500
•
Neoplastic Process
Synonym: Mesothelioma, somatic
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0005065

Definition

A usually malignant and aggressive neoplasm of the mesothelium which is often associated with exposure to asbestos. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVMesothelioma
Follow this link to review classifications for Mesothelioma in Orphanet.

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Perspectives on the Treatment of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma.
Janes SM, Alrifai D, Fennell DA
N Engl J Med 2021 Sep 23;385(13):1207-1218. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1912719. PMID: 34551230
Malignant Pleural Effusion and Its Current Management: A Review.
Skok K, Hladnik G, Grm A, Crnjac A
Medicina (Kaunas) 2019 Aug 15;55(8) doi: 10.3390/medicina55080490. PMID: 31443309Free PMC Article
Malignant pleural mesothelioma: an update on investigation, diagnosis and treatment.
Bibby AC, Tsim S, Kanellakis N, Ball H, Talbot DC, Blyth KG, Maskell NA, Psallidas I
Eur Respir Rev 2016 Dec;25(142):472-486. doi: 10.1183/16000617.0063-2016. PMID: 27903668Free PMC Article

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Asbestos-associated pulmonary disease.
Caceres JD, Venkata AN
Curr Opin Pulm Med 2023 Mar 1;29(2):76-82. Epub 2023 Jan 11 doi: 10.1097/MCP.0000000000000939. PMID: 36630203
Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma.
Chun CP, Song LX, Zhang HP, Guo DD, Xu GX, Li Y, Xin X, Cao J, Li F
Am J Med Sci 2023 Jan;365(1):99-103. Epub 2022 Aug 6 doi: 10.1016/j.amjms.2022.07.008. PMID: 35940275
Pleural mesothelioma classification-update and challenges.
Dacic S
Mod Pathol 2022 Jan;35(Suppl 1):51-56. Epub 2021 Aug 31 doi: 10.1038/s41379-021-00895-7. PMID: 34465883
Malignant pleural mesothelioma: recent developments.
Sinn K, Mosleh B, Hoda MA
Curr Opin Oncol 2021 Jan;33(1):80-86. doi: 10.1097/CCO.0000000000000697. PMID: 33186182
Treatment of Malignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma.
Levý M, Boublíková L, Büchler T, Šimša J
Klin Onkol 2019 Fall;32(5):333-337. doi: 10.14735/amko2019333. PMID: 31610664

Diagnosis

Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma.
Chun CP, Song LX, Zhang HP, Guo DD, Xu GX, Li Y, Xin X, Cao J, Li F
Am J Med Sci 2023 Jan;365(1):99-103. Epub 2022 Aug 6 doi: 10.1016/j.amjms.2022.07.008. PMID: 35940275
Perspectives on the Treatment of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma.
Janes SM, Alrifai D, Fennell DA
N Engl J Med 2021 Sep 23;385(13):1207-1218. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1912719. PMID: 34551230
Pleural mesothelioma classification update.
Beasley MB, Galateau-Salle F, Dacic S
Virchows Arch 2021 Jan;478(1):59-72. Epub 2021 Jan 21 doi: 10.1007/s00428-021-03031-7. PMID: 33475835
Malignant pleural mesothelioma: recent developments.
Sinn K, Mosleh B, Hoda MA
Curr Opin Oncol 2021 Jan;33(1):80-86. doi: 10.1097/CCO.0000000000000697. PMID: 33186182
Diagnosis of Mesothelioma.
Fels Elliott DR, Jones KD
Surg Pathol Clin 2020 Mar;13(1):73-89. Epub 2019 Dec 3 doi: 10.1016/j.path.2019.10.001. PMID: 32005436

Therapy

First-line nivolumab plus ipilimumab in unresectable malignant pleural mesothelioma (CheckMate 743): a multicentre, randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial.
Baas P, Scherpereel A, Nowak AK, Fujimoto N, Peters S, Tsao AS, Mansfield AS, Popat S, Jahan T, Antonia S, Oulkhouir Y, Bautista Y, Cornelissen R, Greillier L, Grossi F, Kowalski D, Rodríguez-Cid J, Aanur P, Oukessou A, Baudelet C, Zalcman G
Lancet 2021 Jan 30;397(10272):375-386. Epub 2021 Jan 21 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32714-8. PMID: 33485464
Malignant pleural mesothelioma: recent developments.
Sinn K, Mosleh B, Hoda MA
Curr Opin Oncol 2021 Jan;33(1):80-86. doi: 10.1097/CCO.0000000000000697. PMID: 33186182
Tumour treating fields therapy for glioblastoma: current advances and future directions.
Rominiyi O, Vanderlinden A, Clenton SJ, Bridgewater C, Al-Tamimi Y, Collis SJ
Br J Cancer 2021 Feb;124(4):697-709. Epub 2020 Nov 4 doi: 10.1038/s41416-020-01136-5. PMID: 33144698Free PMC Article
Effect of an Indwelling Pleural Catheter vs Talc Pleurodesis on Hospitalization Days in Patients With Malignant Pleural Effusion: The AMPLE Randomized Clinical Trial.
Thomas R, Fysh ETH, Smith NA, Lee P, Kwan BCH, Yap E, Horwood FC, Piccolo F, Lam DCL, Garske LA, Shrestha R, Kosky C, Read CA, Murray K, Lee YCG
JAMA 2017 Nov 21;318(19):1903-1912. doi: 10.1001/jama.2017.17426. PMID: 29164255Free PMC Article
Mesothelin-Targeted CARs: Driving T Cells to Solid Tumors.
Morello A, Sadelain M, Adusumilli PS
Cancer Discov 2016 Feb;6(2):133-46. Epub 2015 Oct 26 doi: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-15-0583. PMID: 26503962Free PMC Article

Prognosis

The global burden of adolescent and young adult cancer in 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.
GBD 2019 Adolescent Young Adult Cancer Collaborators
Lancet Oncol 2022 Jan;23(1):27-52. Epub 2021 Dec 3 doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(21)00581-7. PMID: 34871551Free PMC Article
Indications for hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy with cytoreductive surgery: a systematic review.
Auer RC, Sivajohanathan D, Biagi J, Conner J, Kennedy E, May T
Eur J Cancer 2020 Mar;127:76-95. Epub 2020 Jan 24 doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2019.10.034. PMID: 31986452
Revisiting localized malignant mesothelioma.
Mann S, Khawar S, Moran C, Kalhor N
Ann Diagn Pathol 2019 Apr;39:74-77. Epub 2019 Feb 19 doi: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2019.02.014. PMID: 30798074
Mesothelioma in Australia: a review.
Musk ABW, de Klerk N, Brims FJ
Med J Aust 2017 Nov 20;207(10):449-452. doi: 10.5694/mja17.00397. PMID: 29129162
Pleural mesothelioma.
Astoul P
Curr Opin Pulm Med 1999 Jul;5(4):259-68. doi: 10.1097/00063198-199907000-00015. PMID: 10407698

Clinical prediction guides

Malignant Pleural Effusion and Its Current Management: A Review.
Skok K, Hladnik G, Grm A, Crnjac A
Medicina (Kaunas) 2019 Aug 15;55(8) doi: 10.3390/medicina55080490. PMID: 31443309Free PMC Article
Advances in pleuroscopy.
Anevlavis S, Froudarakis ME
Clin Respir J 2018 Mar;12(3):839-847. Epub 2017 Jan 11 doi: 10.1111/crj.12597. PMID: 27997741
Assessing Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Solid Tumors: A Practical Review for Pathologists and Proposal for a Standardized Method from the International Immuno-Oncology Biomarkers Working Group: Part 2: TILs in Melanoma, Gastrointestinal Tract Carcinomas, Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma and Mesothelioma, Endometrial and Ovarian Carcinomas, Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck, Genitourinary Carcinomas, and Primary Brain Tumors.
Hendry S, Salgado R, Gevaert T, Russell PA, John T, Thapa B, Christie M, van de Vijver K, Estrada MV, Gonzalez-Ericsson PI, Sanders M, Solomon B, Solinas C, Van den Eynden GGGM, Allory Y, Preusser M, Hainfellner J, Pruneri G, Vingiani A, Demaria S, Symmans F, Nuciforo P, Comerma L, Thompson EA, Lakhani S, Kim SR, Schnitt S, Colpaert C, Sotiriou C, Scherer SJ, Ignatiadis M, Badve S, Pierce RH, Viale G, Sirtaine N, Penault-Llorca F, Sugie T, Fineberg S, Paik S, Srinivasan A, Richardson A, Wang Y, Chmielik E, Brock J, Johnson DB, Balko J, Wienert S, Bossuyt V, Michiels S, Ternes N, Burchardi N, Luen SJ, Savas P, Klauschen F, Watson PH, Nelson BH, Criscitiello C, O'Toole S, Larsimont D, de Wind R, Curigliano G, André F, Lacroix-Triki M, van de Vijver M, Rojo F, Floris G, Bedri S, Sparano J, Rimm D, Nielsen T, Kos Z, Hewitt S, Singh B, Farshid G, Loibl S, Allison KH, Tung N, Adams S, Willard-Gallo K, Horlings HM, Gandhi L, Moreira A, Hirsch F, Dieci MV, Urbanowicz M, Brcic I, Korski K, Gaire F, Koeppen H, Lo A, Giltnane J, Rebelatto MC, Steele KE, Zha J, Emancipator K, Juco JW, Denkert C, Reis-Filho J, Loi S, Fox SB
Adv Anat Pathol 2017 Nov;24(6):311-335. doi: 10.1097/PAP.0000000000000161. PMID: 28777143Free PMC Article
Malignant pleural mesothelioma: an update on investigation, diagnosis and treatment.
Bibby AC, Tsim S, Kanellakis N, Ball H, Talbot DC, Blyth KG, Maskell NA, Psallidas I
Eur Respir Rev 2016 Dec;25(142):472-486. doi: 10.1183/16000617.0063-2016. PMID: 27903668Free PMC Article
GATA3: a multispecific but potentially useful marker in surgical pathology: a systematic analysis of 2500 epithelial and nonepithelial tumors.
Miettinen M, McCue PA, Sarlomo-Rikala M, Rys J, Czapiewski P, Wazny K, Langfort R, Waloszczyk P, Biernat W, Lasota J, Wang Z
Am J Surg Pathol 2014 Jan;38(1):13-22. doi: 10.1097/PAS.0b013e3182a0218f. PMID: 24145643Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

Metastases-directed stereotactic body radiotherapy in combination with targeted therapy or immunotherapy: systematic review and consensus recommendations by the EORTC-ESTRO OligoCare consortium.
Kroeze SGC, Pavic M, Stellamans K, Lievens Y, Becherini C, Scorsetti M, Alongi F, Ricardi U, Jereczek-Fossa BA, Westhoff P, But-Hadzic J, Widder J, Geets X, Bral S, Lambrecht M, Billiet C, Sirak I, Ramella S, Giovanni Battista I, Benavente S, Zapatero A, Romero F, Zilli T, Khanfir K, Hemmatazad H, de Bari B, Klass DN, Adnan S, Peulen H, Salinas Ramos J, Strijbos M, Popat S, Ost P, Guckenberger M
Lancet Oncol 2023 Mar;24(3):e121-e132. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(22)00752-5. PMID: 36858728
Sensitivity and complications of thoracentesis and thoracoscopy: a meta-analysis.
Martinez-Zayas G, Molina S, Ost DE
Eur Respir Rev 2022 Dec 31;31(166) Epub 2022 Dec 21 doi: 10.1183/16000617.0053-2022. PMID: 36543349Free PMC Article
Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years for 29 Cancer Groups From 2010 to 2019: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.
Global Burden of Disease 2019 Cancer Collaboration, Kocarnik JM, Compton K, Dean FE, Fu W, Gaw BL, Harvey JD, Henrikson HJ, Lu D, Pennini A, Xu R, Ababneh E, Abbasi-Kangevari M, Abbastabar H, Abd-Elsalam SM, Abdoli A, Abedi A, Abidi H, Abolhassani H, Adedeji IA, Adnani QES, Advani SM, Afzal MS, Aghaali M, Ahinkorah BO, Ahmad S, Ahmad T, Ahmadi A, Ahmadi S, Ahmed Rashid T, Ahmed Salih Y, Akalu GT, Aklilu A, Akram T, Akunna CJ, Al Hamad H, Alahdab F, Al-Aly Z, Ali S, Alimohamadi Y, Alipour V, Aljunid SM, Alkhayyat M, Almasi-Hashiani A, Almasri NA, Al-Maweri SAA, Almustanyir S, Alonso N, Alvis-Guzman N, Amu H, Anbesu EW, Ancuceanu R, Ansari F, Ansari-Moghaddam A, Antwi MH, Anvari D, Anyasodor AE, Aqeel M, Arabloo J, Arab-Zozani M, Aremu O, Ariffin H, Aripov T, Arshad M, Artaman A, Arulappan J, Asemi Z, Asghari Jafarabadi M, Ashraf T, Atorkey P, Aujayeb A, Ausloos M, Awedew AF, Ayala Quintanilla BP, Ayenew T, Azab MA, Azadnajafabad S, Azari Jafari A, Azarian G, Azzam AY, Badiye AD, Bahadory S, Baig AA, Baker JL, Balakrishnan S, Banach M, Bärnighausen TW, Barone-Adesi F, Barra F, Barrow A, Behzadifar M, Belgaumi UI, Bezabhe WMM, Bezabih YM, Bhagat DS, Bhagavathula AS, Bhardwaj N, Bhardwaj P, Bhaskar S, Bhattacharyya K, Bhojaraja VS, Bibi S, Bijani A, Biondi A, Bisignano C, Bjørge T, Bleyer A, Blyuss O, Bolarinwa OA, Bolla SR, Braithwaite D, Brar A, Brenner H, Bustamante-Teixeira MT, Butt NS, Butt ZA, Caetano Dos Santos FL, Cao Y, Carreras G, Catalá-López F, Cembranel F, Cerin E, Cernigliaro A, Chakinala RC, Chattu SK, Chattu VK, Chaturvedi P, Chimed-Ochir O, Cho DY, Christopher DJ, Chu DT, Chung MT, Conde J, Cortés S, Cortesi PA, Costa VM, Cunha AR, Dadras O, Dagnew AB, Dahlawi SMA, Dai X, Dandona L, Dandona R, Darwesh AM, das Neves J, De la Hoz FP, Demis AB, Denova-Gutiérrez E, Dhamnetiya D, Dhimal ML, Dhimal M, Dianatinasab M, Diaz D, Djalalinia S, Do HP, Doaei S, Dorostkar F, Dos Santos Figueiredo FW, Driscoll TR, Ebrahimi H, Eftekharzadeh S, El Tantawi M, El-Abid H, Elbarazi I, Elhabashy HR, Elhadi M, El-Jaafary SI, Eshrati B, Eskandarieh S, Esmaeilzadeh F, Etemadi A, Ezzikouri S, Faisaluddin M, Faraon EJA, Fares J, Farzadfar F, Feroze AH, Ferrero S, Ferro Desideri L, Filip I, Fischer F, Fisher JL, Foroutan M, Fukumoto T, Gaal PA, Gad MM, Gadanya MA, Gallus S, Gaspar Fonseca M, Getachew Obsa A, Ghafourifard M, Ghashghaee A, Ghith N, Gholamalizadeh M, Gilani SA, Ginindza TG, Gizaw ATT, Glasbey JC, Golechha M, Goleij P, Gomez RS, Gopalani SV, Gorini G, Goudarzi H, Grosso G, Gubari MIM, Guerra MR, Guha A, Gunasekera DS, Gupta B, Gupta VB, Gupta VK, Gutiérrez RA, Hafezi-Nejad N, Haider MR, Haj-Mirzaian A, Halwani R, Hamadeh RR, Hameed S, Hamidi S, Hanif A, Haque S, Harlianto NI, Haro JM, Hasaballah AI, Hassanipour S, Hay RJ, Hay SI, Hayat K, Heidari G, Heidari M, Herrera-Serna BY, Herteliu C, Hezam K, Holla R, Hossain MM, Hossain MBH, Hosseini MS, Hosseini M, Hosseinzadeh M, Hostiuc M, Hostiuc S, Househ M, Hsairi M, Huang J, Hugo FN, Hussain R, Hussein NR, Hwang BF, Iavicoli I, Ibitoye SE, Ida F, Ikuta KS, Ilesanmi OS, Ilic IM, Ilic MD, Irham LM, Islam JY, Islam RM, Islam SMS, Ismail NE, Isola G, Iwagami M, Jacob L, Jain V, Jakovljevic MB, Javaheri T, Jayaram S, Jazayeri SB, Jha RP, Jonas JB, Joo T, Joseph N, Joukar F, Jürisson M, Kabir A, Kahrizi D, Kalankesh LR, Kalhor R, Kaliyadan F, Kalkonde Y, Kamath A, Kameran Al-Salihi N, Kandel H, Kapoor N, Karch A, Kasa AS, Katikireddi SV, Kauppila JH, Kavetskyy T, Kebede SA, Keshavarz P, Keykhaei M, Khader YS, Khalilov R, Khan G, Khan M, Khan MN, Khan MAB, Khang YH, Khater AM, Khayamzadeh M, Kim GR, Kim YJ, Kisa A, Kisa S, Kissimova-Skarbek K, Kopec JA, Koteeswaran R, Koul PA, Koulmane Laxminarayana SL, Koyanagi A, Kucuk Bicer B, Kugbey N, Kumar GA, Kumar N, Kumar N, Kurmi OP, Kutluk T, La Vecchia C, Lami FH, Landires I, Lauriola P, Lee SW, Lee SWH, Lee WC, Lee YH, Leigh J, Leong E, Li J, Li MC, Liu X, Loureiro JA, Lunevicius R, Magdy Abd El Razek M, Majeed A, Makki A, Male S, Malik AA, Mansournia MA, Martini S, Masoumi SZ, Mathur P, McKee M, Mehrotra R, Mendoza W, Menezes RG, Mengesha EW, Mesregah MK, Mestrovic T, Miao Jonasson J, Miazgowski B, Miazgowski T, Michalek IM, Miller TR, Mirzaei H, Mirzaei HR, Misra S, Mithra P, Moghadaszadeh M, Mohammad KA, Mohammad Y, Mohammadi M, Mohammadi SM, Mohammadian-Hafshejani A, Mohammed S, Moka N, Mokdad AH, Molokhia M, Monasta L, Moni MA, Moosavi MA, Moradi Y, Moraga P, Morgado-da-Costa J, Morrison SD, Mosapour A, Mubarik S, Mwanri L, Nagarajan AJ, Nagaraju SP, Nagata C, Naimzada MD, Nangia V, Naqvi AA, Narasimha Swamy S, Ndejjo R, Nduaguba SO, Negoi I, Negru SM, Neupane Kandel S, Nguyen CT, Nguyen HLT, Niazi RK, Nnaji CA, Noor NM, Nuñez-Samudio V, Nzoputam CI, Oancea B, Ochir C, Odukoya OO, Ogbo FA, Olagunju AT, Olakunde BO, Omar E, Omar Bali A, Omonisi AEE, Ong S, Onwujekwe OE, Orru H, Ortega-Altamirano DV, Otstavnov N, Otstavnov SS, Owolabi MO, P A M, Padubidri JR, Pakshir K, Pana A, Panagiotakos D, Panda-Jonas S, Pardhan S, Park EC, Park EK, Pashazadeh Kan F, Patel HK, Patel JR, Pati S, Pattanshetty SM, Paudel U, Pereira DM, Pereira RB, Perianayagam A, Pillay JD, Pirouzpanah S, Pishgar F, Podder I, Postma MJ, Pourjafar H, Prashant A, Preotescu L, Rabiee M, Rabiee N, Radfar A, Radhakrishnan RA, Radhakrishnan V, Rafiee A, Rahim F, Rahimzadeh S, Rahman M, Rahman MA, Rahmani AM, Rajai N, Rajesh A, Rakovac I, Ram P, Ramezanzadeh K, Ranabhat K, Ranasinghe P, Rao CR, Rao SJ, Rawassizadeh R, Razeghinia MS, Renzaho AMN, Rezaei N, Rezaei N, Rezapour A, Roberts TJ, Rodriguez JAB, Rohloff P, Romoli M, Ronfani L, Roshandel G, Rwegerera GM, S M, Sabour S, Saddik B, Saeed U, Sahebkar A, Sahoo H, Salehi S, Salem MR, Salimzadeh H, Samaei M, Samy AM, Sanabria J, Sankararaman S, Santric-Milicevic MM, Sardiwalla Y, Sarveazad A, Sathian B, Sawhney M, Saylan M, Schneider IJC, Sekerija M, Seylani A, Shafaat O, Shaghaghi Z, Shaikh MA, Shamsoddin E, Shannawaz M, Sharma R, Sheikh A, Sheikhbahaei S, Shetty A, Shetty JK, Shetty PH, Shibuya K, Shirkoohi R, Shivakumar KM, Shivarov V, Siabani S, Siddappa Malleshappa SK, Silva DAS, Singh JA, Sintayehu Y, Skryabin VY, Skryabina AA, Soeberg MJ, Sofi-Mahmudi A, Sotoudeh H, Steiropoulos P, Straif K, Subedi R, Sufiyan MB, Sultan I, Sultana S, Sur D, Szerencsés V, Szócska M, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Tabuchi T, Tadbiri H, Taherkhani A, Takahashi K, Talaat IM, Tan KK, Tat VY, Tedla BAA, Tefera YG, Tehrani-Banihashemi A, Temsah MH, Tesfay FH, Tessema GA, Thapar R, Thavamani A, Thoguluva Chandrasekar V, Thomas N, Tohidinik HR, Touvier M, Tovani-Palone MR, Traini E, Tran BX, Tran KB, Tran MTN, Tripathy JP, Tusa BS, Ullah I, Ullah S, Umapathi KK, Unnikrishnan B, Upadhyay E, Vacante M, Vaezi M, Valadan Tahbaz S, Velazquez DZ, Veroux M, Violante FS, Vlassov V, Vo B, Volovici V, Vu GT, Waheed Y, Wamai RG, Ward P, Wen YF, Westerman R, Winkler AS, Yadav L, Yahyazadeh Jabbari SH, Yang L, Yaya S, Yazie TSY, Yeshaw Y, Yonemoto N, Younis MZ, Yousefi Z, Yu C, Yuce D, Yunusa I, Zadnik V, Zare F, Zastrozhin MS, Zastrozhina A, Zhang J, Zhong C, Zhou L, Zhu C, Ziapour A, Zimmermann IR, Fitzmaurice C, Murray CJL, Force LM
JAMA Oncol 2022 Mar 1;8(3):420-444. doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2021.6987. PMID: 34967848Free PMC Article
DNA Methylation as a Diagnostic Biomarker for Malignant Mesothelioma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Vandenhoeck J, van Meerbeeck JP, Fransen E, Raskin J, Van Camp G, Op de Beeck K, Lamote K
J Thorac Oncol 2021 Sep;16(9):1461-1478. Epub 2021 May 31 doi: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.05.015. PMID: 34082107
ERS/ESTS/EACTS/ESTRO guidelines for the management of malignant pleural mesothelioma.
Scherpereel A, Opitz I, Berghmans T, Psallidas I, Glatzer M, Rigau D, Astoul P, Bölükbas S, Boyd J, Coolen J, De Bondt C, De Ruysscher D, Durieux V, Faivre-Finn C, Fennell D, Galateau-Salle F, Greillier L, Hoda MA, Klepetko W, Lacourt A, McElnay P, Maskell NA, Mutti L, Pairon JC, Van Schil P, van Meerbeeck JP, Waller D, Weder W, Cardillo G, Putora PM
Eur Respir J 2020 Jun;55(6) Epub 2020 Jun 11 doi: 10.1183/13993003.00953-2019. PMID: 32451346

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