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Epilepsy

MedGen UID:: 4506
•Concept ID:: C0014544
•: Disease or Syndrome

Synonyms:	Seizure disorder; Seizure Disorders
SNOMED CT:	Epilepsy (84757009); Seizure disorder (128613002)

Monarch Initiative:	MONDO:0005027

Definition

A disease of the brain characterized by an enduring predisposition to generate epileptic seizures. [from SNOMEDCT_US]

Term Hierarchy

GTR
MeSH

CClinical test, RResearch test, OOMIM, GGeneReviews, VClinVar

CROGVEpilepsy

Pathological process
- Disease
  - Disorder by Site
    - Disorder of nervous system
      - Disorder of the central nervous system
        Disorder of brain
        Epilepsy
        Absence seizure
        Epilepsy, childhood absence 2
        Epilepsy, childhood absence 4
        Epilepsy, childhood absence, susceptibility to, 1
        Epilepsy, childhood absence, susceptibility to, 5
        Epilepsy, childhood absence, susceptibility to, 6
        Aggravated Epilepsy
        Anosognostic Epilepsy
        Atonic epileptic seizure
        Benign Familial Convulsion
        Benign Neonatal Epilepsy
        Benign Rolandic epilepsy
        Congenital Epilepsy
        Epilepsy syndrome
        Action myoclonus-renal failure syndrome
        Atherosclerosis-deafness-diabetes-epilepsy-nephropathy syndrome
        Childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes
        Landau-Kleffner syndrome
        Cortical dysplasia-focal epilepsy syndrome
        DEND syndrome
        Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, 4
        Epilepsy-telangiectasia syndrome
        Frontal lobe epilepsy
        Infantile spasms-broad thumbs syndrome
        Intermediate DEND syndrome
        Lennox-Gastaut syndrome
        Moynahan syndrome
        myoclonic epilepsy
        Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
        Progressive myoclonic epilepsy
        Oculocerebrocutaneous syndrome
        Pallister-W syndrome
        PEHO syndrome
        PEHO-like syndrome
        Temporal lobe epilepsy
        Epilepsy, familial temporal lobe, 1
        West syndrome
        Epilepsy with generalized tonic-clonic seizures
        Extratemporal epilepsy
        Focal epilepsy
        Complex partial epilepsy
        Epilepsy, Partial, Sensory
        Focal motor seizure
        Focal atonic seizure
        Focal automatism seizure
        Focal aware motor seizure
        Focal bilateral motor seizure
        Focal hyperkinetic seizure
        Focal impaired awareness motor seizure
        Focal motor seizure with dysarthria/anarthria
        Focal motor seizure with dystonia
        Focal motor seizure with negative myoclonus
        Focal motor seizure with paresis/paralysis
        Focal motor seizure with version
        Focal-onset epileptic spasm
        Generalized epilepsy
        Generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus
        Juvenile absence epilepsy
        Nodding Syndrome
        Post-traumatic epilepsy
        Reflex epilepsy
        Audiogenic seizures
        Eating seizures
        Hot water reflex epilepsy
        Micturation-induced seizures
        Orgasm-induced seizures
        Photogenic epilepsy
        Photoparoxysmal response 1
        Photoparoxysmal response 2
        Photoparoxysmal response 3
        Reading seizure
        Startle epilepsy
        Tactile epilepsy
        Thinking seizures
        Visual epilepsy
        Refractory epilepsy
        Severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy
        Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Autoimmune encephalitis: clinical spectrum and management.

Uy CE, Binks S, Irani SR
Pract Neurol 2021 Oct;21(5):412-423. Epub 2021 Jun 9 doi: 10.1136/practneurol-2020-002567. PMID: 34108243 Free PMC Article

Neonatal Seizures: Diagnosis, Etiologies, and Management.

Ziobro J, Shellhaas RA
Semin Neurol 2020 Apr;40(2):246-256. Epub 2020 Mar 6 doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1702943. PMID: 32143234

The complete European guidelines on phenylketonuria: diagnosis and treatment.

van Wegberg AMJ, MacDonald A, Ahring K, Bélanger-Quintana A, Blau N, Bosch AM, Burlina A, Campistol J, Feillet F, Giżewska M, Huijbregts SC, Kearney S, Leuzzi V, Maillot F, Muntau AC, van Rijn M, Trefz F, Walter JH, van Spronsen FJ
Orphanet J Rare Dis 2017 Oct 12;12(1):162. doi: 10.1186/s13023-017-0685-2. PMID: 29025426 Free PMC Article

See all (4899)

Curated

UK NICE Guideline NG217, Epilepsies in children, young people and adults, 2022

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

The Genetics of Epilepsy.

Perucca P, Bahlo M, Berkovic SF
Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2020 Aug 31;21:205-230. Epub 2020 Apr 27 doi: 10.1146/annurev-genom-120219-074937. PMID: 32339036

The Epidemiology of Epilepsy.

Beghi E
Neuroepidemiology 2020;54(2):185-191. Epub 2019 Dec 18 doi: 10.1159/000503831. PMID: 31852003

Epilepsy and psychosis: a practical approach.

Maguire M, Singh J, Marson A
Pract Neurol 2018 Apr;18(2):106-114. Epub 2017 Dec 22 doi: 10.1136/practneurol-2017-001775. PMID: 29273616

ILAE classification of the epilepsies: Position paper of the ILAE Commission for Classification and Terminology.

Scheffer IE, Berkovic S, Capovilla G, Connolly MB, French J, Guilhoto L, Hirsch E, Jain S, Mathern GW, Moshé SL, Nordli DR, Perucca E, Tomson T, Wiebe S, Zhang YH, Zuberi SM
Epilepsia 2017 Apr;58(4):512-521. Epub 2017 Mar 8 doi: 10.1111/epi.13709. PMID: 28276062 Free PMC Article

The etiologic classification of epilepsy.

Shorvon SD
Epilepsia 2011 Jun;52(6):1052-7. Epub 2011 Mar 30 doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2011.03041.x. PMID: 21449936

See all (40460)

Diagnosis

Epilepsy: Epileptic Syndromes and Treatment.

Katyayan A, Diaz-Medina G
Neurol Clin 2021 Aug;39(3):779-795. doi: 10.1016/j.ncl.2021.04.002. PMID: 34215386

The Epidemiology of Epilepsy.

Beghi E
Neuroepidemiology 2020;54(2):185-191. Epub 2019 Dec 18 doi: 10.1159/000503831. PMID: 31852003

Epilepsy Overview and Revised Classification of Seizures and Epilepsies.

Pack AM
Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2019 Apr;25(2):306-321. doi: 10.1212/CON.0000000000000707. PMID: 30921011

Neuropsychological assessment in epilepsy.

Baxendale S
Pract Neurol 2018 Feb;18(1):43-48. Epub 2018 Jan 11 doi: 10.1136/practneurol-2017-001827. PMID: 29326240

Non-invasive EEG evaluation in epilepsy diagnosis.

Rosenow F, Klein KM, Hamer HM
Expert Rev Neurother 2015 Apr;15(4):425-44. Epub 2015 Mar 16 doi: 10.1586/14737175.2015.1025382. PMID: 25779862

See all (39928)

Therapy

Epilepsy: expert opinion on emerging drugs in phase 2/3 clinical trials.

Pong AW, Ross J, Tyrlikova I, Giermek AJ, Kohli MP, Khan YA, Salgado RD, Klein P
Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2022 Mar;27(1):75-90. Epub 2022 Apr 1 doi: 10.1080/14728214.2022.2059464. PMID: 35341431

Suicidality Risk of Newer Antiseizure Medications: A Meta-analysis.

Klein P, Devinsky O, French J, Harden C, Krauss GL, McCarter R, Sperling MR
JAMA Neurol 2021 Sep 1;78(9):1118-1127. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2021.2480. PMID: 34338718 Free PMC Article

Placebo in epilepsy.

Goldenholz DM, Goldenholz SR
Int Rev Neurobiol 2020;153:231-266. Epub 2020 Jun 9 doi: 10.1016/bs.irn.2020.03.033. PMID: 32563290

Ketogenic diets for drug-resistant epilepsy.

Martin-McGill KJ, Jackson CF, Bresnahan R, Levy RG, Cooper PN
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018 Nov 7;11(11):CD001903. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001903.pub4. PMID: 30403286 Free PMC Article

25 years of advances in the definition, classification and treatment of status epilepticus.

Trinka E, Kälviäinen R
Seizure 2017 Jan;44:65-73. Epub 2016 Nov 14 doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2016.11.001. PMID: 27890484

See all (33583)

Prognosis

Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016.

GBD 2016 Neurology Collaborators
Lancet Neurol 2019 May;18(5):459-480. Epub 2019 Mar 14 doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(18)30499-X. PMID: 30879893 Free PMC Article

The epidemiology of drug-resistant epilepsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Kalilani L, Sun X, Pelgrims B, Noack-Rink M, Villanueva V
Epilepsia 2018 Dec;59(12):2179-2193. Epub 2018 Nov 13 doi: 10.1111/epi.14596. PMID: 30426482

Aging and the Epidemiology of Epilepsy.

Beghi E, Giussani G
Neuroepidemiology 2018;51(3-4):216-223. Epub 2018 Sep 25 doi: 10.1159/000493484. PMID: 30253417

Practice guideline summary: Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy incidence rates and risk factors: Report of the Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the American Epilepsy Society.

Harden C, Tomson T, Gloss D, Buchhalter J, Cross JH, Donner E, French JA, Gil-Nagel A, Hesdorffer DC, Smithson WH, Spitz MC, Walczak TS, Sander JW, Ryvlin P
Neurology 2017 Apr 25;88(17):1674-1680. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000003685. PMID: 28438841

Prevalence and incidence of epilepsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of international studies.

Fiest KM, Sauro KM, Wiebe S, Patten SB, Kwon CS, Dykeman J, Pringsheim T, Lorenzetti DL, Jetté N
Neurology 2017 Jan 17;88(3):296-303. Epub 2016 Dec 16 doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000003509. PMID: 27986877 Free PMC Article

See all (21802)

Clinical prediction guides

Chance and risk in epilepsy.

Baud MO, Proix T, Rao VR, Schindler K
Curr Opin Neurol 2020 Apr;33(2):163-172. doi: 10.1097/WCO.0000000000000798. PMID: 32049738

Seizure prediction and intervention.

Meisel C, Loddenkemper T
Neuropharmacology 2020 Aug 1;172:107898. Epub 2019 Dec 5 doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107898. PMID: 31839204

A systematic review of clinical decision rules for epilepsy.

Josephson CB, Sandy S, Jette N, Sajobi TT, Marshall D, Wiebe S
Epilepsy Behav 2016 Apr;57(Pt A):69-76. Epub 2016 Feb 26 doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2016.01.019. PMID: 26922491

Syncope diagnostic scores.

Sheldon R
Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2013 Jan-Feb;55(4):390-5. doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2012.10.011. PMID: 23472776

Seizure prediction and its applications.

Iasemidis LD
Neurosurg Clin N Am 2011 Oct;22(4):489-506, vi. doi: 10.1016/j.nec.2011.07.004. PMID: 21939848 Free PMC Article

See all (26840)

Recent systematic reviews

Sleep quality and architecture in Idiopathic generalized epilepsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Lehner J, Frueh JS, Datta AN
Sleep Med Rev 2022 Oct;65:101689. Epub 2022 Aug 17 doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101689. PMID: 36037570

Association between autoimmune encephalitis and epilepsy: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Chen L, Zhu L, Lu D, Dai S, Han Y, Wu Z, Xu P, Chang L, Wu Q
Seizure 2021 Oct;91:346-359. Epub 2021 Jul 12 doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2021.07.005. PMID: 34284303

Epilepsy surgery for patients with genetic refractory epilepsy: a systematic review.

Stevelink R, Sanders MW, Tuinman MP, Brilstra EH, Koeleman BP, Jansen FE, Braun KP
Epileptic Disord 2018 Apr 1;20(2):99-115. doi: 10.1684/epd.2018.0959. PMID: 29620010

Prevalence and incidence of epilepsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of international studies.

Epilepsy in pregnancy and reproductive outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Viale L, Allotey J, Cheong-See F, Arroyo-Manzano D, Mccorry D, Bagary M, Mignini L, Khan KS, Zamora J, Thangaratinam S; EBM CONNECT Collaboration
Lancet 2015 Nov 7;386(10006):1845-52. Epub 2015 Aug 25 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00045-8. PMID: 26318519

See all (1762)

MedGen

National Center for Biotechnology Information

Send to:

Epilepsy

Definition

Term Hierarchy

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Curated

UK NICE Guideline NG217, Epilepsies in children, young people and adults, 2022

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Diagnosis

Therapy

Prognosis

Clinical prediction guides

Recent systematic reviews

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

Genetic Testing Registry

Clinical resources

Practice guidelines

Curated

Consumer resources

Reviews

Related information

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